Pub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103151
Antonio V Sterpetti, Francesca Miceli, Alessia Di Girolamo, Antonio Bozzani, Vittorio Arici, Marta Ascione, Luca Di Marzo
Patients with moderate-severe COVID19 infection suffer from several cardiovascular diseases: heart failure (3 %-33 %), myocardial ischemia (0.9 %-11 %), ventricular dysfunction (10 %-47 %), arrhythmias (9 %-17 %), venous thrombo-embolism (25 %) and arterial thrombosis (1 %-3 %). Although intracranial and coronary arterial aneurysms have been described in adults and children with COVID19, few reports have correlated COVID19 infection and sudden degeneration of aortic aneurysms and dissections. We analyzed the risk factor for enlargement and rupture of aortic aneurysms in patrients with moderate-severe COVID19 infection. Several COVID19 related mechanisms may impact aortic aneurysm progression: increased elastin and collagen digestion by enzymes triggered by viral spike proteins in ACE2-negative myeloid cells and/or by inflammatory cytokines; hypoxemia related to thrombosis of micro vessels of the aneurismal wall; dysregulation of the immune system. Patients with known arterial aneurysm may be at risk for sudden increase of dimensions and rupture during moderate-severe COVID19 infection.
{"title":"Inflammation, abdominal aortic aneurysm enlargement and rupture. Lessons learned from the Covid19 pandemic.","authors":"Antonio V Sterpetti, Francesca Miceli, Alessia Di Girolamo, Antonio Bozzani, Vittorio Arici, Marta Ascione, Luca Di Marzo","doi":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with moderate-severe COVID19 infection suffer from several cardiovascular diseases: heart failure (3 %-33 %), myocardial ischemia (0.9 %-11 %), ventricular dysfunction (10 %-47 %), arrhythmias (9 %-17 %), venous thrombo-embolism (25 %) and arterial thrombosis (1 %-3 %). Although intracranial and coronary arterial aneurysms have been described in adults and children with COVID19, few reports have correlated COVID19 infection and sudden degeneration of aortic aneurysms and dissections. We analyzed the risk factor for enlargement and rupture of aortic aneurysms in patrients with moderate-severe COVID19 infection. Several COVID19 related mechanisms may impact aortic aneurysm progression: increased elastin and collagen digestion by enzymes triggered by viral spike proteins in ACE2-negative myeloid cells and/or by inflammatory cytokines; hypoxemia related to thrombosis of micro vessels of the aneurismal wall; dysregulation of the immune system. Patients with known arterial aneurysm may be at risk for sudden increase of dimensions and rupture during moderate-severe COVID19 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":51006,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cardiology","volume":" ","pages":"103151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144796051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-28DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103187
Shuting Tan , Yongheng Li , Zhenshuai Yao , Xiao Xu , Jin Wang , Xiaofang Zhu , Pingping He
Cardiovascular diseases remain the foremost cause of global morbidity and mortality, with atherosclerosis serving as the pathological basis for most related disorders. Despite the clinical benefits of statin therapy, a substantial residual risk persists, underscoring the need to explore novel therapeutic targets. Interleukin-36 (IL-36), a member of the interleukin-1 family, has emerged as a key regulator of immune and inflammatory responses. Beyond its established roles in tissue repair, host defense, and inflammatory signaling, IL-36 has been increasingly implicated in cardiovascular pathology, including myocardial infarction, ischemic injury, and myocarditis. Recent evidence highlights its pro-atherogenic functions mediated through sustained vascular inflammation, abnormal angiogenesis, impaired cholesterol metabolism, excessive neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and disrupted autophagy. These findings collectively suggest that IL-36 not only contributes to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis but also holds promise as a potential therapeutic target. This review summarizes recent progress on the regulatory roles and signaling mechanisms of IL-36, emphasizing its contribution to atherogenesis.
{"title":"Interleukin-36: a novel therapeutic target for atherosclerosis","authors":"Shuting Tan , Yongheng Li , Zhenshuai Yao , Xiao Xu , Jin Wang , Xiaofang Zhu , Pingping He","doi":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cardiovascular diseases remain the foremost cause of global morbidity and mortality, with atherosclerosis serving as the pathological basis for most related disorders. Despite the clinical benefits of statin therapy, a substantial residual risk persists, underscoring the need to explore novel therapeutic targets. Interleukin-36 (IL-36), a member of the interleukin-1 family, has emerged as a key regulator of immune and inflammatory responses. Beyond its established roles in tissue repair, host defense, and inflammatory signaling, IL-36 has been increasingly implicated in cardiovascular pathology, including myocardial infarction, ischemic injury, and myocarditis. Recent evidence highlights its pro-atherogenic functions mediated through sustained vascular inflammation, abnormal angiogenesis, impaired cholesterol metabolism, excessive neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and disrupted autophagy. These findings collectively suggest that IL-36 not only contributes to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis but also holds promise as a potential therapeutic target. This review summarizes recent progress on the regulatory roles and signaling mechanisms of IL-36, emphasizing its contribution to atherogenesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51006,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cardiology","volume":"50 12","pages":"Article 103187"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103186
Adam M. May MD , Sarah LoCoco MD , Krasimira M. Mikhova MD , Rugheed Ghadban MD , Phillip S. Cuculich MD , Daniel H. Cooper MD , Thomas M. Maddox MD, MSc , Prashanth Thakkar MD , Elena Deych MS , Ian Rowlandson MS , Alexander Siotis MD , Nandan Anavaker MD , Peter A. Noseworthy MD , Anthony Kashou MD
Background
Distinguishing wide complex tachycardia (WCT) as ventricular tachycardia (VT) or supraventricular WCT (SWCT) is critical yet challenging. Manual ECG algorithms require substantial expertise and are inconsistently applied, and contemporary computerized ECG interpretation (CEI) systems often return only a generic “wide complex tachycardia” label. Novel machine learning–based ECG models (Solo Model, Paired Model) can provide a VT probability or a direct VT/SWCT classification, but they have not yet been evaluated in a prospective, randomized, workflow-integrated trial.
Design
We will conduct a prospective, multicenter, investigator-initiated, open-label, four-arm randomized reader trial. Physicians (attendings and fellows in cardiology, emergency medicine, critical care) will be randomized 1:1:1:1 to: (1) Control #1—WCT ECG only; (2) Control #2—WCT ECG + baseline ECG; (3) Solo Model—WCT ECG + model output (no baseline ECG); (4) Paired Model—WCT ECG + baseline ECG + model output. Each participant will interpret 20 adjudicated WCT ECGs on a secure virtual platform, classify rhythm, rate confidence and percieved usefulness, and indicate likely next steps in clinical management. Primary endpoint: WCT classification accuracy. Secondary endpoints: sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, F1 score, time to diagnosis, interpreation confidence, perceived usefulness, and intended management after diagnosis.
Conclusion
The AUTOMATED-WCT Trial will be the first randomized, multicenter evidence on machine learning–based ECG decision support for WCT differentiation.
{"title":"Design and methods of the AUTOMATED-WCT trial: evaluating machine learning–based ECG support for WCT interpretation","authors":"Adam M. May MD , Sarah LoCoco MD , Krasimira M. Mikhova MD , Rugheed Ghadban MD , Phillip S. Cuculich MD , Daniel H. Cooper MD , Thomas M. Maddox MD, MSc , Prashanth Thakkar MD , Elena Deych MS , Ian Rowlandson MS , Alexander Siotis MD , Nandan Anavaker MD , Peter A. Noseworthy MD , Anthony Kashou MD","doi":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Distinguishing wide complex tachycardia (WCT) as ventricular tachycardia (VT) or supraventricular WCT (SWCT) is critical yet challenging. Manual ECG algorithms require substantial expertise and are inconsistently applied, and contemporary computerized ECG interpretation (CEI) systems often return only a generic “wide complex tachycardia” label. Novel machine learning–based ECG models (Solo Model, Paired Model) can provide a VT probability or a direct VT/SWCT classification, but they have not yet been evaluated in a prospective, randomized, workflow-integrated trial.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>We will conduct a prospective, multicenter, investigator-initiated, open-label, four-arm randomized reader trial. Physicians (attendings and fellows in cardiology, emergency medicine, critical care) will be randomized 1:1:1:1 to: (1) Control #1—WCT ECG only; (2) Control #2—WCT ECG + baseline ECG; (3) Solo Model—WCT ECG + model output (no baseline ECG); (4) Paired Model—WCT ECG + baseline ECG + model output. Each participant will interpret 20 adjudicated WCT ECGs on a secure virtual platform, classify rhythm, rate confidence and percieved usefulness, and indicate likely next steps in clinical management. Primary endpoint: WCT classification accuracy. Secondary endpoints: sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, F1 score, time to diagnosis, interpreation confidence, perceived usefulness, and intended management after diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The AUTOMATED-WCT Trial will be the first randomized, multicenter evidence on machine learning–based ECG decision support for WCT differentiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51006,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cardiology","volume":"50 12","pages":"Article 103186"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1016/S0146-2806(25)00203-8
{"title":"Guidelines for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0146-2806(25)00203-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0146-2806(25)00203-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51006,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cardiology","volume":"50 11","pages":"Article 103184"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103185
Joaquin Perea , Daniel Martin , Marlon Ruiz Holguín , Diego Arluna , Oscar Gomez , Santiago Simone , Alvaro Sosa Liprandi , Maria Ines Sosa Liprandi
Background
Nocturnal hypertension (NHT) is associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and heart failure (HF), and remains an area of growing interest, with evidence suggesting a differential impact compared to daytime hypertension (DTH).
Objectives
To evaluate the relationship between NHT and the risk of cardiovascular events, independently of daytime blood pressure.
Methods
We conducted an observational study based on a continuous registry of patients who underwent ambulatory blood pressure monitoring at a tertiary care center. Propensity score matching (1:1) was applied using relevant clinical factors to ensure comparability between groups. The primary outcome was the composite of MACE and HF. Cox regression and cubic spline models were used to explore non-linear associations and identify critical thresholds.
Results
After matching, 1,392 patients were analyzed (691 per group). In adjusted models, nocturnal systolic blood pressure was significantly associated with increased risk of MACE/HF (HR 1.04; 95 % CI: 1.01–1.07), whereas daytime systolic pressure showed no association (HR 0.98; 95 % CI: 0.95–1.01). In the multivariable model, NHT maintained its adverse effect (HR 1.03; 95 % CI: 1.01–1.04), together with other established clinical predictors. Risk curves demonstrated a non-linear association, with a significant increase in risk above 148 mmHg of nocturnal systolic blood pressure.
Conclusions
NHT independently increases the risk of cardiovascular events and provides prognostic thresholds that may improve risk stratification.
{"title":"Nocturnal hypertension and cardiovascular events: risk analysis using propensity score matching","authors":"Joaquin Perea , Daniel Martin , Marlon Ruiz Holguín , Diego Arluna , Oscar Gomez , Santiago Simone , Alvaro Sosa Liprandi , Maria Ines Sosa Liprandi","doi":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nocturnal hypertension (NHT) is associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and heart failure (HF), and remains an area of growing interest, with evidence suggesting a differential impact compared to daytime hypertension (DTH).</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the relationship between NHT and the risk of cardiovascular events, independently of daytime blood pressure.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted an observational study based on a continuous registry of patients who underwent ambulatory blood pressure monitoring at a tertiary care center. Propensity score matching (1:1) was applied using relevant clinical factors to ensure comparability between groups. The primary outcome was the composite of MACE and HF. Cox regression and cubic spline models were used to explore non-linear associations and identify critical thresholds.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After matching, 1,392 patients were analyzed (691 per group). In adjusted models, nocturnal systolic blood pressure was significantly associated with increased risk of MACE/HF (HR 1.04; 95 % CI: 1.01–1.07), whereas daytime systolic pressure showed no association (HR 0.98; 95 % CI: 0.95–1.01). In the multivariable model, NHT maintained its adverse effect (HR 1.03; 95 % CI: 1.01–1.04), together with other established clinical predictors. Risk curves demonstrated a non-linear association, with a significant increase in risk above 148 mmHg of nocturnal systolic blood pressure.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>NHT independently increases the risk of cardiovascular events and provides prognostic thresholds that may improve risk stratification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51006,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cardiology","volume":"50 12","pages":"Article 103185"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1016/S0146-2806(25)00197-5
{"title":"Information for Readers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0146-2806(25)00197-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0146-2806(25)00197-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51006,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cardiology","volume":"50 11","pages":"Article 103178"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-10DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103174
Guido Vannoni MD, Carlos D. Labadet MD, Giuliana Caminotti MD, Bárbara Zambudio MD, Juan M. Fiamengo Tch, Lucas N. Campana MD, María V. Vannoni MD, Gerardo M. Marambio MD, Jorge A. Lax MD, Juan A. Gagliardi MD, PhD
Introduction
Complete left bundle branch block (LBBB) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. The value of extreme deviation of the QRS axis to the left (LAD) in the context of LBBB is controversial.
Objective
To evaluate whether LAD (-45°) in patients with LBBB is a marker of systolic dysfunction and ventricular remodeling.
Material and methods
Cross-sectional cohort study including 102 patients with LBBB who underwent echocardiography to assess left ventricular (LV) diameters, wall thickness and ejection fraction (EF).
Results
Mean age was 67.9 ± 13 years. 48 % were women. 80.4 % met Strauss criteria for LBBB and 28.4 % had LAD. The LAD group showed lower EF (32.2 ± 12 % vs. 46.7 ± 17 %, p = 0.00009) and higher LV end-diastolic diameter index (34.8 ± 9 vs. 30.9 ± 6, p = 0.011). LAD had 45 % sensitivity, 88 % specificity, positive predictive value of 0.79 and negative predictive value of 0.62 for identifying reduced EF. Cardiomyopathy diagnosis was more frequent in the LAD group (93.1 % vs. 61.6 %; p = 0.0016). LV hypertrophy prevalence was similar between groups, but LAD patients had higher prevalence of eccentric LV hypertrophy.
Conclusion
In LBBB, LAD (-45°) identifies patients with worse systolic function, greater degree of LV dilatation, and more eccentric hypertrophy. Additionally, cardiomyopathy prevalence was higher in this population.
{"title":"Value of extreme left axis deviation in patients with complete left bundle branch block","authors":"Guido Vannoni MD, Carlos D. Labadet MD, Giuliana Caminotti MD, Bárbara Zambudio MD, Juan M. Fiamengo Tch, Lucas N. Campana MD, María V. Vannoni MD, Gerardo M. Marambio MD, Jorge A. Lax MD, Juan A. Gagliardi MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Complete left bundle branch block (LBBB) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. The value of extreme deviation of the QRS axis to the left (LAD) in the context of LBBB is controversial.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate whether LAD (-45°) in patients with LBBB is a marker of systolic dysfunction and ventricular remodeling.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Cross-sectional cohort study including 102 patients with LBBB who underwent echocardiography to assess left ventricular (LV) diameters, wall thickness and ejection fraction (EF).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean age was 67.9 ± 13 years. 48 % were women. 80.4 % met Strauss criteria for LBBB and 28.4 % had LAD. The LAD group showed lower EF (32.2 ± 12 % vs. 46.7 ± 17 %, p = 0.00009) and higher LV end-diastolic diameter index (34.8 ± 9 vs. 30.9 ± 6, p = 0.011). LAD had 45 % sensitivity, 88 % specificity, positive predictive value of 0.79 and negative predictive value of 0.62 for identifying reduced EF. Cardiomyopathy diagnosis was more frequent in the LAD group (93.1 % vs. 61.6 %; p = 0.0016). LV hypertrophy prevalence was similar between groups, but LAD patients had higher prevalence of eccentric LV hypertrophy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In LBBB, LAD (-45°) identifies patients with worse systolic function, greater degree of LV dilatation, and more eccentric hypertrophy. Additionally, cardiomyopathy prevalence was higher in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51006,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cardiology","volume":"50 11","pages":"Article 103174"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145056169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-10DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103172
Ahmed M. Saad MD , Mohammed Abozenah MD , Colby Salerno DO , Andrew M. Goldsweig MD, MS
Background
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiomyopathy. HCM is associated with heart failure (HF), arrhythmia, and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The influence of sex on in-hospital outcomes in HCM is unknown. We conducted a nationwide analysis to compare outcomes between women and men with HCM hospitalized for HF, arrhythmias, or ACS.
Methods
This retrospective cohort analysis of the 2022 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) identified adults hospitalized with acute HF, arrhythmia, or ACS plus a secondary diagnosis of HCM. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included length of stay (LOS) and total hospital charges. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were used to adjust for demographics and comorbidities.
Results
Among 5,089 HCM admissions (51.1 % female; mean age 65.9 years), women were older (68.9 vs. 62.1 years) and more often admitted for acute HF. Arrhythmia presentations were similarly common in both sexes, and men more frequently had ACS. In-hospital mortality was 1.7 % and did not differ by sex after adjustment (adjusted odds ratio 1.3, p = 0.63). Mean LOS was 4.3 days and was similar between sexes. Total hospitalization charges showed no significant sex difference for HF or ACS, but men incurred higher charges for arrhythmias.
Conclusions
In this nationwide analysis, sex was not an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality or LOS among admissions with HCM and acute cardiovascular events. Resource utilization was broadly comparable except for arrhythmia admissions, where charges were substantially higher in men. Differences in hospital charges suggest that differences in management may exist.
{"title":"Sex differences in in-hospital outcomes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A nationwide analysis","authors":"Ahmed M. Saad MD , Mohammed Abozenah MD , Colby Salerno DO , Andrew M. Goldsweig MD, MS","doi":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2025.103172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiomyopathy. HCM is associated with heart failure (HF), arrhythmia, and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The influence of sex on in-hospital outcomes in HCM is unknown. We conducted a nationwide analysis to compare outcomes between women and men with HCM hospitalized for HF, arrhythmias, or ACS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective cohort analysis of the 2022 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) identified adults hospitalized with acute HF, arrhythmia, or ACS plus a secondary diagnosis of HCM. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included length of stay (LOS) and total hospital charges. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were used to adjust for demographics and comorbidities.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 5,089 HCM admissions (51.1 % female; mean age 65.9 years), women were older (68.9 vs. 62.1 years) and more often admitted for acute HF. Arrhythmia presentations were similarly common in both sexes, and men more frequently had ACS. In-hospital mortality was 1.7 % and did not differ by sex after adjustment (adjusted odds ratio 1.3, <em>p</em> = 0.63). Mean LOS was 4.3 days and was similar between sexes. Total hospitalization charges showed no significant sex difference for HF or ACS, but men incurred higher charges for arrhythmias.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this nationwide analysis, sex was not an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality or LOS among admissions with HCM and acute cardiovascular events. Resource utilization was broadly comparable except for arrhythmia admissions, where charges were substantially higher in men. Differences in hospital charges suggest that differences in management may exist.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51006,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cardiology","volume":"50 11","pages":"Article 103172"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145056236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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