首页 > 最新文献

Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers最新文献

英文 中文
Trophic relationship between mussels and scale worms under various seepage intensities in the haima cold seep: Insights from stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) and C:N:P stoichiometry 海马冷渗漏不同渗流强度下贻贝和鳞虫之间的营养关系:稳定同位素(δ13C 和 δ15N)和 C:N:P 化学计量的启示
IF 2.4 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104264
Zhixin Ke , Haochen Huang , Danting Chen , Yehui Tan

The deep-sea mussels Gigantidas haimaensis (Mytilidae: Bathymodiolinae) usually contain one scale worm Branchipolynoe pettiboneae in their mantle cavity in the Haima cold seep, South China Sea. To explore their environmental adaptation and coexistence mechanisms, the stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) and C:N:P ecological stoichiometry of G. haimaensis and the associated B. pettiboneae were investigated under different methane seepage intensities. In the presence of seepage, most mussels harbored one scale worm in their mantle cavity. However, under seepage cease, the physiological status of mussels looked unhealthy, and no scale worm appeared in their bodies. The variation in δ13C values was great among different mussel tissues, ranging from −49.7‰ to −57.8‰. The δ13C values of mussel tissues followed the order of foot > gill > mantle under active seepage, while no regular trend was found under seepage cease. The δ13C and δ15N of scale worms were averagely enriched by 2.9 ‰ and 3.2 ‰ relative to their mussel hosts, and the trophic niche separation between scale worms and mussels was more significant under active seepage. The δ13C value of mussel foot was significantly higher under active seepage (average −50.8‰) than under seepage cease (average −55.1‰), indicating that mussels might ingest and assimilate more 13C-rich suspended particulate organic matter (POM) under active seepage. In mantle tissues, the high C:N ratio and low δ13C value should be attributed to the high content of energy storage substances. The C:N ratio of mantle dramatically declined with the exhaustion of energy storage materials under seepage cease. The variation of P content was most significant in the gill, which might be regulated by the abundance of symbiotic bacteria. It can be speculated that the dramatic decline of P content in the gill was attributed to the loss of high-P bacterial symbionts under seepage cease. Both the C:P and N:P ratios of gill tissues significantly increased under seepage cease, which suggested the decline of food quality for scale worms. Mussel-dwelling scale worms might detect the change of food quality and abandon their starving mussel host. Our results help to better understand the environmental adaptation of chemoautotrophic mussels and scale worms under unstable seepage intensity in cold seep ecosystems.

南海海马冷泉深海贻贝(贻贝科:Bathymodiolinae)的贻腔中通常含有一种鳞片蠕虫Branchipolynoe pettiboneae。为了探索它们的环境适应和共生机制,研究了不同甲烷渗流强度下海马鳞虫和伴生鳞虫的稳定同位素(δ13C和δ15N)和C:N:P生态化学计量。在有渗流的情况下,大多数贻贝的套腔中都有一条鳞虫。然而,在停止渗流的情况下,贻贝的生理状态看起来并不健康,体内也没有鳞虫出现。不同贻贝组织的δ13C值差异很大,从-49.7‰到-57.8‰不等。在主动渗流条件下,贻贝组织的δ13C值依次为足部、鳃部和套部,而在停止渗流条件下,贻贝组织的δ13C值变化趋势没有规律可循。鳞虫的δ13C和δ15N相对于其贻贝宿主平均富集了2.9‰和3.2‰,鳞虫与贻贝的营养位分离在渗流活跃时更为显著。在主动渗流条件下,贻贝足的δ13C值(平均-50.8‰)明显高于停止渗流条件下(平均-55.1‰),表明在主动渗流条件下,贻贝可能摄取和同化了更多富含13C的悬浮颗粒有机物(POM)。在贻贝组织中,高 C:N 比值和低δ13C 值应归因于高含量的储能物质。在停止渗流的情况下,随着储能物质的耗尽,地幔的 C:N 比值急剧下降。P 含量的变化在鳃中最为显著,这可能受共生细菌数量的调节。可以推测,鳃中 P 含量的急剧下降是由于高 P 细菌共生体在停止渗流时的损失。鳃组织中的 C:P 和 N:P 比值在停止渗流后都明显增加,这表明鳞虫的食物质量下降。生活在贻贝中的鳞片蠕虫可能会发现食物质量的变化,并放弃饥饿的贻贝宿主。我们的研究结果有助于更好地理解冷渗漏生态系统中渗流强度不稳定时化自养贻贝和鳞虫的环境适应性。
{"title":"Trophic relationship between mussels and scale worms under various seepage intensities in the haima cold seep: Insights from stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) and C:N:P stoichiometry","authors":"Zhixin Ke ,&nbsp;Haochen Huang ,&nbsp;Danting Chen ,&nbsp;Yehui Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The deep-sea mussels <em>Gigantidas haimaensis</em> (Mytilidae: Bathymodiolinae) usually contain one scale worm <em>Branchipolynoe pettiboneae</em> in their mantle cavity in the Haima cold seep, South China Sea. To explore their environmental adaptation and coexistence mechanisms, the stable isotopes (δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N) and C:N:P ecological stoichiometry of <em>G. haimaensis</em> and the associated <em>B. pettiboneae</em> were investigated under different methane seepage intensities. In the presence of seepage, most mussels harbored one scale worm in their mantle cavity. However, under seepage cease, the physiological status of mussels looked unhealthy, and no scale worm appeared in their bodies. The variation in δ<sup>13</sup>C values was great among different mussel tissues, ranging from −49.7‰ to −57.8‰. The δ<sup>13</sup>C values of mussel tissues followed the order of foot &gt; gill &gt; mantle under active seepage, while no regular trend was found under seepage cease. The δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N of scale worms were averagely enriched by 2.9 ‰ and 3.2 ‰ relative to their mussel hosts, and the trophic niche separation between scale worms and mussels was more significant under active seepage. The δ<sup>13</sup>C value of mussel foot was significantly higher under active seepage (average −50.8‰) than under seepage cease (average −55.1‰), indicating that mussels might ingest and assimilate more <sup>13</sup>C-rich suspended particulate organic matter (POM) under active seepage. In mantle tissues, the high C:N ratio and low δ<sup>13</sup>C value should be attributed to the high content of energy storage substances. The C:N ratio of mantle dramatically declined with the exhaustion of energy storage materials under seepage cease. The variation of P content was most significant in the gill, which might be regulated by the abundance of symbiotic bacteria. It can be speculated that the dramatic decline of P content in the gill was attributed to the loss of high-P bacterial symbionts under seepage cease. Both the C:P and N:P ratios of gill tissues significantly increased under seepage cease, which suggested the decline of food quality for scale worms. Mussel-dwelling scale worms might detect the change of food quality and abandon their starving mussel host. Our results help to better understand the environmental adaptation of chemoautotrophic mussels and scale worms under unstable seepage intensity in cold seep ecosystems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51009,"journal":{"name":"Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 104264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139941951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Short-terms variability of water properties and phytoplankton blooms along the central eastern Florida shelf edge 佛罗里达东部大陆架中部边缘水质和浮游植物水华的短期变化
IF 2.4 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104259
Mingshun Jiang , Gabriel Alsenas , Erick Busold , Stephanie Farrington , John Reed

The central eastern Florida shelf edge is a highly dynamic area that supports an important yet vulnerable deep-sea coral reefs ecosystem, the Oculina Coral Habitat Area of Particular Concern. Rapid and large short-terms (days to weeks) changes of bottom temperature (up to 9 °C) and pCO2 (up to 180 μatm) were observed at the shelfbreak during a two-month (May 13-July 10, 2017) deployment of a lander package. An analysis suggests that these changes are the combined results of tides, the Gulf Stream meandering, and submesoscale eddies and filaments. The processes responsible for sub-tidal variability may include 1) the Gulf Stream frontal movements, 2) upwelling/downwelling of slope waters in association with the Gulf Stream variability, and 3) submesoscale processes and associated vertical movements. Satellite images also frequently show a narrow plume of elevated chlorophyll concentration that stretches from the coast northward up to >200 km along the Gulf Stream front during late spring and early summer. Our analysis indicates that these phytoplankton blooms in the plume are likely supported by the nutrient supply from the nutrients-rich slope waters to the shelf edge and subsequent local vertical mixing. Carbon export associated with these blooms can be an important food source to the Oculina corals. Upwelling of slope waters, on the other hand, will lead to increased CO2 and reduced pH and aragonite saturation state along the shelf edge. Therefore, these dynamic processes may have strong impacts on the health and sustainability of the Oculina coral ecosystem.

佛罗里达州中东部陆架边缘是一个高度动态的区域,它支持着一个重要而又脆弱的深海珊瑚礁生态系统--特别关注区(Oculina Coral Habitat Area of Particular Concern)。在为期两个月(2017 年 5 月 13 日至 7 月 10 日)的着陆器包部署期间,在陆架断裂带观察到了短期(数天至数周)底层温度(高达 9 °C)和 pCO2(高达 180 μatm)的快速和大幅变化。分析表明,这些变化是潮汐、湾流蜿蜒以及次中尺度漩涡和细丝的综合结果。造成潮下带变化的过程可能包括:1)湾流锋面运动;2)与湾流变化相关的斜坡水域上涌/下沉;3)次中尺度过程和相关的垂直运动。卫星图像还经常显示,在春末夏初,叶绿素浓度升高的狭窄羽流从海岸向北延伸,沿湾流前沿可达 200 公里。我们的分析表明,羽流中这些浮游植物的大量繁殖可能是由富含营养物质的斜坡水域向陆架边缘提供营养物质以及随后的局部垂直混合所支持的。与这些藻华相关的碳输出可能是 Oculina 珊瑚的重要食物来源。另一方面,斜坡水域的上涌会导致陆架边缘的二氧化碳增加、pH 值和霰石饱和状态降低。因此,这些动态过程可能会对 Oculina 珊瑚生态系统的健康和可持续性产生重大影响。
{"title":"Short-terms variability of water properties and phytoplankton blooms along the central eastern Florida shelf edge","authors":"Mingshun Jiang ,&nbsp;Gabriel Alsenas ,&nbsp;Erick Busold ,&nbsp;Stephanie Farrington ,&nbsp;John Reed","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The central eastern Florida shelf edge is a highly dynamic area that supports an important yet vulnerable deep-sea coral reefs ecosystem, the Oculina Coral Habitat Area of Particular Concern. Rapid and large short-terms (days to weeks) changes of bottom temperature (up to 9 °C) and <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> (up to 180 μatm) were observed at the shelfbreak during a two-month (May 13-July 10, 2017) deployment of a lander package. An analysis suggests that these changes are the combined results of tides, the Gulf Stream meandering, and submesoscale eddies and filaments. The processes responsible for sub-tidal variability may include 1) the Gulf Stream frontal movements, 2) upwelling/downwelling of slope waters in association with the Gulf Stream variability, and 3) submesoscale processes and associated vertical movements. Satellite images also frequently show a narrow plume of elevated chlorophyll concentration that stretches from the coast northward up to &gt;200 km along the Gulf Stream front during late spring and early summer. Our analysis indicates that these phytoplankton blooms in the plume are likely supported by the nutrient supply from the nutrients-rich slope waters to the shelf edge and subsequent local vertical mixing. Carbon export associated with these blooms can be an important food source to the <em>Oculina</em> corals. Upwelling of slope waters, on the other hand, will lead to increased CO<sub>2</sub> and reduced pH and aragonite saturation state along the shelf edge. Therefore, these dynamic processes may have strong impacts on the health and sustainability of the <em>Oculina</em> coral ecosystem.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51009,"journal":{"name":"Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 104259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139926702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
PresTo: A liquid-filled camera for low-cost imaging in the deep sea PresTo:用于深海低成本成像的充液相机
IF 2.4 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104263
Breanna E. Motsenbocker , Timothy J. Noyes , Alexandra T. Runyan , Russell Shomberg , Brennan T. Phillips

Deep-sea imaging systems are traditionally expensive to manufacture and are physically scaled depending on the operating depth of their housing and the internal camera/lens components. Liquid and epoxy filled instrument designs are increasing in popularity as a way to reduce the cost and size of deep-sea housings. Recent advances in 3D printing have facilitated rapid prototyping of these pressure tolerant deep-sea designs. This study presents the design of PresTo, a liquid-filled pressure tolerant camera manufactured using SLA 3D printing methods. This is a compact and low-cost imaging system filled with deionized water and coated in epoxy to remove all implodable air volumes in the camera. The lens design for PresTo can be easily customized to any focal length and with zoom capabilities using a magnetically driven focus mechanism. Images taken with PresTo likely have minimal image distortions compared to other underwater cameras with flat viewports because, due to the elimination of a flat viewport solely for the reason of pressure isolation, there is an inherent reduction in the refractive indices of the surrounding environment and internal medium. The presented system has been field-tested to depths exceeding 1700 m and has been hydrostatically tested to function beyond 2600 m.

深海成像系统历来制造成本高昂,其物理尺寸取决于其外壳和内部相机/镜头组件的工作深度。液体和环氧树脂填充的仪器设计越来越受欢迎,成为降低深海外壳成本和尺寸的一种方法。三维打印技术的最新进展促进了这些耐压深海设计的快速原型制作。本研究介绍了使用 SLA 3D 打印方法制造的充液耐压相机 PresTo 的设计。这是一种结构紧凑、成本低廉的成像系统,相机内充满去离子水,并涂有环氧树脂,以去除相机内所有可内嵌的空气体积。PresTo 的镜头设计可轻松定制为任何焦距,并可通过磁力驱动的对焦机制实现变焦功能。与其他使用平面视口的水下摄像机相比,使用 PresTo 拍摄的图像失真可能最小,这是因为仅仅为了隔离压力而取消了平面视口,周围环境和内部介质的折射率必然会降低。所介绍的系统已经过实地测试,深度超过 1700 米,并经过水压测试,可在 2600 米以上正常工作。
{"title":"PresTo: A liquid-filled camera for low-cost imaging in the deep sea","authors":"Breanna E. Motsenbocker ,&nbsp;Timothy J. Noyes ,&nbsp;Alexandra T. Runyan ,&nbsp;Russell Shomberg ,&nbsp;Brennan T. Phillips","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Deep-sea imaging systems are traditionally expensive to manufacture and are physically scaled depending on the operating depth of their housing and the internal camera/lens components. Liquid and epoxy filled instrument designs are increasing in popularity as a way to reduce the cost and size of deep-sea housings. Recent advances in 3D printing have facilitated rapid prototyping of these pressure tolerant deep-sea designs. This study presents the design of PresTo, a liquid-filled pressure tolerant camera manufactured using SLA 3D printing methods. This is a compact and low-cost imaging system filled with deionized water and coated in epoxy to remove all implodable air volumes in the camera. The lens design for PresTo can be easily customized to any focal length and with zoom capabilities using a magnetically driven focus mechanism. Images taken with PresTo likely have minimal image distortions compared to other underwater cameras with flat viewports because, due to the elimination of a flat viewport solely for the reason of pressure isolation, there is an inherent reduction in the refractive indices of the surrounding environment and internal medium. The presented system has been field-tested to depths exceeding 1700 m and has been hydrostatically tested to function beyond 2600 m.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51009,"journal":{"name":"Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 104263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139907770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparison of cephalopods eaten by sooty albatross Phoebetria fusca breeding in subtropical and subantarctic waters, and teuthofauna of the southern Indian Ocean 在亚热带和亚南极水域繁殖的烟灰信天翁(Phoebetria fusca)所吃头足类动物与南印度洋蝶形目动物的比较
IF 2.4 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104262
Yves Cherel, Colette Trouvé

Using a total of ∼7000 accumulated beaks sorted from 92 food samples, the cephalopod diet of sooty albatross Phoebetria fusca was determined for the first time at the subtropical Amsterdam Island (3898 beaks from 53 food samples), and it was compared with prey eaten at the subantarctic Crozet Islands (3085 beaks from 39 samples). At Amsterdam Island, sooty albatross fed on 42 cephalopod taxa that included the dominant Histioteuthis atlantica (34.7% by number of beaks) and juvenile Ommastrephes cylindraceus/Todarodes filippovae (10.1%). They preyed primarily upon cephalopods that have a wide latitudinal distribution (55.1%), with subtropical species ranking second (25.8%), and Southern Ocean endemics third (19.1%). By contrast, birds from Crozet Islands fed primarily on Southern Ocean endemics (80.7%), followed by subtropical species (14.8%), and taxa with a wide distribution (4.5%). There, the main prey were adult Histioteuthis eltaninae (24.6%), Batoteuthis skolops (27.2%) and Galiteuthis glacialis (16.2%). Sympatric sooty and light-mantled sooty P. palpebrata albatrosses from Crozet Islands segregated by feeding on different prey indicating different foraging grounds north and south of the archipelago, respectively. Light-mantled sooty albatross fed almost exclusively on Southern Ocean endemics (98.2%), such as G. glacialis (44.4%), Psychroteuthis glacialis (21.4%), H. eltaninae (13.4%) and Moroteuthopsis longimana (10.2%). Including cephalopod prey of sooty albatross to the previous investigations on teuthofauna from the southern Indian Ocean added southern subtropical species to Southern Ocean taxa. Overall, teuthofauna of this vast oceanic zone hosts at least 71 cephalopod species, including two bathyteuthids, 56 oegopsids, two sepiolids, three cirrate and seven incirrate octopods, and the vampyroteuthid Vampyroteuthis infernalis.

利用从 92 个食物样本中分类的总计 ∼ 7000 个累积的鸟喙,首次确定了信天翁在亚热带阿姆斯特丹岛的头足类食物(53 个食物样本中的 3898 个鸟喙),并将其与在亚南极克罗泽群岛(39 个样本中的 3085 个鸟喙)捕食的猎物进行了比较。在阿姆斯特丹岛,信天翁捕食了 42 种头足类动物,其中包括占优势的 Histioteuthis atlantica(按喙数计算占 34.7%)和幼年 Ommastrephes cylindraceus/Todarodes filippovae(占 10.1%)。它们主要捕食纬度分布广泛的头足类(55.1%),亚热带物种排名第二(25.8%),南大洋特有物种排名第三(19.1%)。相比之下,克罗泽群岛的鸟类主要捕食南大洋特有物种(80.7%),其次是亚热带物种(14.8%)和分布广泛的类群(4.5%)。在那里,主要的猎物是Histioteuthis eltaninae成鱼(24.6%)、Batoteuthis skolops(27.2%)和Galiteuthis glacialis(16.2%)。克罗泽群岛的同域烟灰信天翁和浅褐烟灰信天翁因捕食不同的猎物而分离,这表明它们分别在群岛北部和南部的不同觅食地觅食。轻喙信天翁几乎只捕食南大洋特有的猎物(98.2%),如冰川鳕(44.4%)、冰川心理鳕(21.4%)、H. eltaninae(13.4%)和Moroteuthopsis longimana(10.2%)。将信天翁的头足类猎物纳入之前对南印度洋蝶形目动物的调查中,增加了南亚热带物种和南大洋类群。总体而言,这一广阔洋区的头足类至少有 71 个物种,包括 2 个浴足类、56 个栉孔类动物、2 个栉孔类、3 个卷足类和 7 个无卷足类章鱼,以及 Vampyroteuthid Vampyroteuthis infernalis。
{"title":"Comparison of cephalopods eaten by sooty albatross Phoebetria fusca breeding in subtropical and subantarctic waters, and teuthofauna of the southern Indian Ocean","authors":"Yves Cherel,&nbsp;Colette Trouvé","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using a total of ∼7000 accumulated beaks sorted from 92 food samples, the cephalopod diet of sooty albatross <em>Phoebetria fusca</em> was determined for the first time at the subtropical Amsterdam Island (3898 beaks from 53 food samples), and it was compared with prey eaten at the subantarctic Crozet Islands (3085 beaks from 39 samples). At Amsterdam Island, sooty albatross fed on 42 cephalopod taxa that included the dominant <em>Histioteuthis atlantica</em> (34.7% by number of beaks) and juvenile <em>Ommastrephes cylindraceus/Todarodes filippovae</em> (10.1%). They preyed primarily upon cephalopods that have a wide latitudinal distribution (55.1%), with subtropical species ranking second (25.8%), and Southern Ocean endemics third (19.1%). By contrast, birds from Crozet Islands fed primarily on Southern Ocean endemics (80.7%), followed by subtropical species (14.8%), and taxa with a wide distribution (4.5%). There, the main prey were adult <em>Histioteuthis eltaninae</em> (24.6%), <em>Batoteuthis skolops</em> (27.2%) and <em>Galiteuthis glacialis</em> (16.2%). Sympatric sooty and light-mantled sooty <em>P. palpebrata</em> albatrosses from Crozet Islands segregated by feeding on different prey indicating different foraging grounds north and south of the archipelago, respectively. Light-mantled sooty albatross fed almost exclusively on Southern Ocean endemics (98.2%), such as <em>G. glacialis</em> (44.4%), <em>Psychroteuthis glacialis</em> (21.4%), <em>H. eltaninae</em> (13.4%) and <em>Moroteuthopsis longimana</em> (10.2%). Including cephalopod prey of sooty albatross to the previous investigations on teuthofauna from the southern Indian Ocean added southern subtropical species to Southern Ocean taxa. Overall, teuthofauna of this vast oceanic zone hosts at least 71 cephalopod species, including two bathyteuthids, 56 oegopsids, two sepiolids, three cirrate and seven incirrate octopods, and the vampyroteuthid <em>Vampyroteuthis infernalis</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51009,"journal":{"name":"Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 104262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139825439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What inhabits the South Sandwich Islands deep-sea? Biodiversity and biogeography of bathyal communities using predators as biological samplers 南桑威奇群岛深海栖息着什么?利用捕食者作为生物采样器研究深海群落的生物多样性和生物地理学
IF 2.4 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104260
José P. Queirós , José C. Xavier , José Abreu , Martin A. Collins , Mark Belchier , Philip R. Hollyman

Understanding the biodiversity of an ecosystem is crucial to determine its structure and resistance to climate change. The South Sandwich Islands (SSI) are located in the Scotia Sea (Southern Ocean), within the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Marine Protected Area. However, the biodiversity of the archipelago remains poorly studied, whilst climate change has the potential for wide-ranging impacts in the Antarctic and Subantarctic regions. Here we used predators as biological samplers to study the bathyal communities of SSI. A total of 61 species including fish, cephalopods and crustaceans, were identified from the diet of 13 predatory taxa (11 fish and two cephalopod). Common Subantarctic and Antarctic species were found, with Moroteuthopsis longimana being the species with the highest density (1.74 individuals per stomach at Montagu Island). Eleven fish and one cephalopod species were recorded for the first time at the archipelago. Furthermore, 16 fish species had their bathymetric range increased. Fifteen fish and one crustacean appear to have SSI as the northern or southern limit of their distribution. Community analysis found two major groups at SSI, one in the north and one in the south, with the southern group subdivided into two groups. This separation is related to the environmental conditions at the archipelago that abruptly change at Saunders Islands. Latitude (correlated with sea surface temperature) and sea surface height (proxy for upwelling) both correlated with the dissimilarity between communities. These results suggest that climate change may affect the biodiversity at SSI in the future as warming waters of the Scotia Sea and changes in the upwelling system may favour range extensions of more northerly species into the archipelago. Furthermore, it could lead to local extinctions of some species exclusively found in the southernmost areas of the archipelago.

了解生态系统的生物多样性对于确定其结构和抵御气候变化的能力至关重要。南桑威奇群岛(SSI)位于斯科舍海(南大洋),在南乔治亚岛和南桑威奇群岛海洋保护区内。然而,对该群岛生物多样性的研究仍然很少,而气候变化有可能对南极和亚南极地区产生广泛影响。在这里,我们利用捕食者作为生物采样器来研究 SSI 的水底生物群落。从 13 个捕食类群(11 个鱼类和 2 个头足类)的食物中鉴定出包括鱼类、头足类和甲壳类在内的 61 个物种。发现了常见的亚南极和南极物种,其中 Moroteuthopsis longimana 是密度最高的物种(在蒙塔古岛每个胃中有 1.74 个)。有 11 种鱼类和 1 种头足类动物是首次在该群岛记录到。此外,16 种鱼类的水深范围有所扩大。15 种鱼类和 1 种甲壳类似乎以 SSI 为其分布的北部或南部界限。群落分析发现,在 SSI 有两个主要群落,一个在北部,一个在南部,南部群落又分为两个群落。这种分隔与群岛的环境条件有关,这些环境条件在桑德斯群岛突然发生变化。纬度(与海面温度相关)和海面高度(代表上升流)都与群落之间的差异相关。这些结果表明,气候变化未来可能会影响桑德斯群岛的生物多样性,因为斯科舍海水域的变暖和上升流系统的变化可能有利于更靠北的物种向群岛延伸。此外,气候变化还可能导致一些专门分布在群岛最南端地区的物种在当地灭绝。
{"title":"What inhabits the South Sandwich Islands deep-sea? Biodiversity and biogeography of bathyal communities using predators as biological samplers","authors":"José P. Queirós ,&nbsp;José C. Xavier ,&nbsp;José Abreu ,&nbsp;Martin A. Collins ,&nbsp;Mark Belchier ,&nbsp;Philip R. Hollyman","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the biodiversity of an ecosystem is crucial to determine its structure and resistance to climate change. The South Sandwich Islands (SSI) are located in the Scotia Sea (Southern Ocean), within the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Marine Protected Area. However, the biodiversity of the archipelago remains poorly studied, whilst climate change has the potential for wide-ranging impacts in the Antarctic and Subantarctic regions. Here we used predators as biological samplers to study the bathyal communities of SSI. A total of 61 species including fish, cephalopods and crustaceans, were identified from the diet of 13 predatory taxa (11 fish and two cephalopod). Common Subantarctic and Antarctic species were found, with <em>Moroteuthopsis longimana</em> being the species with the highest density (1.74 individuals per stomach at Montagu Island). Eleven fish and one cephalopod species were recorded for the first time at the archipelago. Furthermore, 16 fish species had their bathymetric range increased. Fifteen fish and one crustacean appear to have SSI as the northern or southern limit of their distribution. Community analysis found two major groups at SSI, one in the north and one in the south, with the southern group subdivided into two groups. This separation is related to the environmental conditions at the archipelago that abruptly change at Saunders Islands. Latitude (correlated with sea surface temperature) and sea surface height (proxy for upwelling) both correlated with the dissimilarity between communities. These results suggest that climate change may affect the biodiversity at SSI in the future as warming waters of the Scotia Sea and changes in the upwelling system may favour range extensions of more northerly species into the archipelago. Furthermore, it could lead to local extinctions of some species exclusively found in the southernmost areas of the archipelago.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51009,"journal":{"name":"Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 104260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096706372400030X/pdfft?md5=5255b27a1a53dd166a81345fb4cfa63d&pid=1-s2.0-S096706372400030X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139748209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Determination of vanadium redox species V(IV) and V(V) in seawater using chelating resin and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 利用螯合树脂和电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定海水中的氧化还原钒V(IV)和V(V)
IF 2.4 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104261
Erika Kurahashi, Sandra Poehle, Andrea Koschinsky

An improved off-line separation method of vanadium redox species V(V) and V(IV) in seawater using a solid phase extraction with chelating resin Chelex-100 was developed. Column shape, eluting solution, elution volume, pH of sample, and flow rate were tested and optimized to establish a simple offline separation method. Analyses with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) combining with a Kinetic Energy Discrimination mode (KED) using helium gas achieved precise determination of vanadium redox species in saline matrix solutions. Average recovery of solutions doped with both V(V) and V(IV) was 92% for V(V) and 96% for V(IV). The method detection limit was 0.87 nmol/kg for V(V) and 0.47 nmol/kg for V(IV) obtained from 0.6 mol/kg NaCl solution. Stability tests of redox species V(IV) in seawater with/without an aerobic chamber revealed that V(IV) species were preserved in seawater for over 24 h and possibly further 14 days in normal oxidizing atmosphere. We developed a method that does not require pH adjustment of sample solution, which reduces the risk of changing the natural fractions of both redox species. The proposed method was applied to selected samples from open ocean and coastal seawater collected in the South-East Atlantic Ocean during GEOTRACES research cruise GA08. Concentrations of 29–37 nmol/kg of V(V) and 1.5–2.2 nmol/kg of V(IV) in samples off-shore the Namibian coast (43–2997 m water depth) were found. Higher concentrations of V(IV) were detected in near-shore coastal seawater characterized by very low oxygen content (2.4 nmol/kg at 200 m water depth) relative to those from off-shore seawater. The newly obtained results suggest that not only dissolved oxygen concentration but also biogeochemical parameters (e.g. biological activity) may play an important role to explain the distribution of redox species of V in seawater.

使用螯合树脂 Chelex-100 进行固相萃取,开发了一种改进的离线分离海水中钒氧化还原物种 V(V) 和 V(IV) 的方法。对柱形、洗脱液、洗脱体积、样品 pH 值和流速进行了测试和优化,从而建立了一种简单的离线分离方法。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)和使用氦气的动能辨别模式(KED)进行分析,精确测定了盐基溶液中的氧化还原钒。掺杂了 V(V) 和 V(IV) 的溶液中,V(V) 的平均回收率为 92%,V(IV) 的平均回收率为 96%。在 0.6 摩尔/千克的氯化钠溶液中,V(V) 的方法检测限为 0.87 毫摩尔/千克,V(IV) 的方法检测限为 0.47 毫摩尔/千克。对海水中氧化还原物种 V(IV)在有氧室和无氧室中的稳定性测试表明,V(IV)物种在海水中可保存 24 小时以上,在正常氧化环境中可再保存 14 天。我们开发了一种无需调节样品溶液 pH 值的方法,从而降低了改变两种氧化还原物种天然组分的风险。我们将所提出的方法应用于 GEOTRACES GA08 研究巡航期间在东南大西洋采集的开阔海域和沿岸海水样本。在纳米比亚海岸附近(水深 43-2997 米)的样本中发现,V(V) 浓度为 29-37 nmol/kg,V(IV) 浓度为 1.5-2.2 nmol/kg。与近海海水相比,在含氧量极低的近海沿岸海水中检测到的 V(IV)浓度更高(水深 200 米处为 2.4 nmol/kg)。新获得的结果表明,不仅溶解氧浓度,生物地球化学参数(如生物活性)也可能在解释海水中 V 氧化还原物种的分布方面发挥重要作用。
{"title":"Determination of vanadium redox species V(IV) and V(V) in seawater using chelating resin and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry","authors":"Erika Kurahashi,&nbsp;Sandra Poehle,&nbsp;Andrea Koschinsky","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An improved off-line separation method of vanadium redox species V(V) and V(IV) in seawater using a solid phase extraction with chelating resin Chelex-100 was developed. Column shape, eluting solution, elution volume, pH of sample, and flow rate were tested and optimized to establish a simple offline separation method. Analyses with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) combining with a Kinetic Energy Discrimination mode (KED) using helium gas achieved precise determination of vanadium redox species in saline matrix solutions. Average recovery of solutions doped with both V(V) and V(IV) was 92% for V(V) and 96% for V(IV). The method detection limit was 0.87 nmol/kg for V(V) and 0.47 nmol/kg for V(IV) obtained from 0.6 mol/kg NaCl solution. Stability tests of redox species V(IV) in seawater with/without an aerobic chamber revealed that V(IV) species were preserved in seawater for over 24 h and possibly further 14 days in normal oxidizing atmosphere. We developed a method that does not require pH adjustment of sample solution, which reduces the risk of changing the natural fractions of both redox species. The proposed method was applied to selected samples from open ocean and coastal seawater collected in the South-East Atlantic Ocean during GEOTRACES research cruise GA08. Concentrations of 29–37 nmol/kg of V(V) and 1.5–2.2 nmol/kg of V(IV) in samples off-shore the Namibian coast (43–2997 m water depth) were found. Higher concentrations of V(IV) were detected in near-shore coastal seawater characterized by very low oxygen content (2.4 nmol/kg at 200 m water depth) relative to those from off-shore seawater. The newly obtained results suggest that not only dissolved oxygen concentration but also biogeochemical parameters (e.g. biological activity) may play an important role to explain the distribution of redox species of V in seawater.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51009,"journal":{"name":"Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 104261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139889146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Another piece of the living fossil puzzle: A new species of Polymixia Lowe, 1836 (Polymixiiformes: Polymixiidae) from the western South Atlantic 又一块活化石拼图:来自南大西洋西部的 Polymixia Lowe, 1836 新种(Polymixiiformes: Polymixiidae)
IF 2.4 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104249
Heloísa De Cia Caixeta , Claudio Oliveira , Marcelo Roberto Souto de Melo

The family Polymixiidae is an ancient group of acanthomorph fish, often regarded as living fossils. Currently, there are 11 valid species allocated in the genus Polymixia, and commonly known as beardfish. All species are benthopelagic and can be found at depths between 80 and 800 meters, in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans. Traditionally, only two species had been assigned to the Atlantic Ocean, P. lowei, in the western Atlantic, and P. nobilis, in the North Atlantic, including northern South America and Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago; however, recent studies revealed a cryptic species from the Bermudas, described as P. hollisterae, and a yet undescribed species from the Caribbean Sea. Herein, we describe a new species of Polymixia from the western South Atlantic, which was previously confused with P. lowei. The new species is supported by both morphological and molecular evidence and can be distinguished among its congeners by a combination of characters, including counts of gill rakers, pyloric caeca, and dorsal-fin rays, arrangement of scales spines, and the shape of preopercle. The new species is distributed on the upper continental slope in Brazil, from Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul, and Uruguay, between 160 and 600 meters deep.

鲯鳅科(Polymixiidae)是一个古老的棘目鱼类群,通常被视为活化石。目前,Polymixia 属共有 11 个有效物种,俗称胡子鱼。所有物种均为底栖鱼类,分布于大西洋、印度洋和太平洋 80 米至 800 米深处。传统上,大西洋只有两个物种,即大西洋西部的 P. lowei 和北大西洋(包括南美洲北部以及圣彼得和圣保罗群岛)的 P. nobilis;然而,最近的研究发现了百慕大群岛的一个隐蔽物种(描述为 P. hollisterae)和加勒比海的一个尚未描述的物种。在此,我们描述了南大西洋西部的一个新种 Polymixia,该种以前曾与 P. lowei 混淆。该新种得到了形态学和分子证据的支持,并可通过鳃耙、幽门盲囊和背鳍鳍条的数量、鳞片棘刺的排列以及前螯的形状等综合特征将其与同属物种区分开来。该新物种分布于巴西巴伊亚州到南里奥格兰德州以及乌拉圭的大陆坡上部,水深在 160 米到 600 米之间。
{"title":"Another piece of the living fossil puzzle: A new species of Polymixia Lowe, 1836 (Polymixiiformes: Polymixiidae) from the western South Atlantic","authors":"Heloísa De Cia Caixeta ,&nbsp;Claudio Oliveira ,&nbsp;Marcelo Roberto Souto de Melo","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The family Polymixiidae is an ancient group of acanthomorph fish, often regarded as living fossils. Currently, there are 11 valid species allocated in the genus <em>Polymixia</em>, and commonly known as beardfish. All species are benthopelagic and can be found at depths between 80 and 800 meters, in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans. Traditionally, only two species had been assigned to the Atlantic Ocean, <em>P. lowei</em>, in the western Atlantic, and <em>P. nobilis</em>, in the North Atlantic, including northern South America and Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago; however, recent studies revealed a cryptic species from the Bermudas, described as <em>P. hollisterae</em>, and a yet undescribed species from the Caribbean Sea. Herein, we describe a new species of <em>Polymixia</em> from the western South Atlantic, which was previously confused with <em>P. lowei</em>. The new species is supported by both morphological and molecular evidence and can be distinguished among its congeners by a combination of characters, including counts of gill rakers, pyloric caeca, and dorsal-fin rays, arrangement of scales spines, and the shape of preopercle. The new species is distributed on the upper continental slope in Brazil, from Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul, and Uruguay, between 160 and 600 meters deep.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51009,"journal":{"name":"Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 104249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139732458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The microbial lipid signature in sediments and chimneys within a back-arc basin hydrothermal system south of the Antarctic Polar Front 南极极地前沿以南的后弧盆地热液系统沉积物和烟囱中的微生物脂质特征
IF 2.4 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104247
Maria T. Hernández-Sánchez , Laura Hepburn , Michael J. Stock , Douglas P. Connelly , Richard D. Pancost

The impact of hydrothermal systems on surrounding sedimentary microbial communities is not well understood and previous work has been limited to high temperature vent sites at slow or ultraslow spreading oceanic centres. To build on the current understanding of hydrothermal systems, we explore for the first time the organic geochemistry of the only known back-arc basin hydrothermal system outside the Pacific Ocean: the East Scotia Ridge (ESR), which belongs to the South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands Marine Protected Area. Lipid biomarkers contained in sediments and hydrothermal sulphides along two hydrothermal vent fields north and south of the ESR, respectively, revealed the impact of hydrothermal activity, including both high temperature and low temperature diffusive venting, on sedimentary microbial communities. In the vent field north of the ESR, elevated ring indices of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) and proportions of monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers (GMGTs), and a high ratio of total fatty acids (FAs; free plus polar lipids) to putative phytoplankton biomarkers in sediments suggest that high-temperature hydrothermalism has a local impact on surrounding sediments through the input of plume dwelling archaea and bacteria. This impact seems to be restricted to the periphery of the vent source, in agreement with the limited dataset available from slow or ultraslow spreading centres. Likewise, elevated FA to phytoplankton biomarker ratios within a diffusive hydrothermal field south of the ESR suggest an additional input of bacterial biomass relative to background sediments. Our results indicate that low temperature diffusive venting might have a higher impact than previously thought, being locally important in supporting the food chain in deep-sea environments. The distribution of tetraether lipids suggests that a higher proportion of thermophilic archaea thrive in the interior of sulphide chimneys, whereas total FA concentrations and distributions suggest that most bacteria inhabit the exterior chimney layers, where temperature is cooler than the innermost layer in contact with the hydrothermal fluid. Furthermore, differences in total FA concentrations suggest that chimney wall thickness is a control on bacterial abundance through the availability of a higher or lower diversity (and volume) of microhabitats. Our results also indicate that bacteria adapt to increasing temperatures by decreasing their degree of unsaturation. By comparison to GDGT data from other settings, it seems that overall ring indices in hydrothermal deposits are governed by growth temperature, although they might also reflect ecological factors. Our results suggest that hydrothermalism shapes microbial communities within chimneys and surrounding sediments following broadly similar patterns regardless of the type of spreading centre they are located at.

热液系统对周围沉积微生物群落的影响尚不十分清楚,以往的工作仅限于慢扩张或超慢速扩张海洋中心的高温喷口地点。在目前对热液系统了解的基础上,我们首次探索了太平洋以外唯一已知的弧后盆地热液系统的有机地球化学:东斯科舍海脊(ESR),该海脊属于南乔治亚和南桑威奇群岛海洋保护区。东斯科舍海脊北部和南部两个热液喷口区沉积物和热液硫化物中的脂质生物标志物分别揭示了热液活动(包括高温和低温扩散喷口)对沉积微生物群落的影响。在 ESR 北部的喷口区,沉积物中甘油二烷基甘油四醚(GDGTs)环指数和单烷基甘油四醚(GMGTs)比例升高,总脂肪酸(FAs;游离加极性脂质)与推定浮游植物生物标志物的比例较高,这表明高温热液通过羽流栖息古细菌和细菌的输入对周围沉积物产生了局部影响。这种影响似乎仅限于喷口源的周边地区,这与从慢速或超慢速扩张中心获得的有限数据集是一致的。同样,在 ESR 南部的扩散热液场中,FA 与浮游植物生物标志物的比率升高,表明相对于背景沉积物,细菌生物量的额外输入。我们的研究结果表明,低温扩散性喷口的影响可能比以前认为的要大,在支持深海环境食物链方面具有局部重要性。四醚脂的分布表明,嗜热古细菌在硫化物烟囱内部生长的比例较高,而总脂肪酸的浓度和分布表明,大多数细菌栖息在烟囱外层,那里的温度低于与热液接触的最内层。此外,总脂肪酸浓度的差异表明,烟囱壁的厚度可以通过提供较高或较低的微生境多样性(和体积)来控制细菌的数量。我们的研究结果还表明,细菌通过降低不饱和程度来适应温度的升高。与其他环境中的 GDGT 数据相比,热液沉积中的总体环指数似乎受生长温度的影响,尽管它们也可能反映生态因素。我们的研究结果表明,热液作用塑造了烟囱和周围沉积物中的微生物群落,无论它们位于哪种类型的扩张中心,其模式都大致相同。
{"title":"The microbial lipid signature in sediments and chimneys within a back-arc basin hydrothermal system south of the Antarctic Polar Front","authors":"Maria T. Hernández-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Laura Hepburn ,&nbsp;Michael J. Stock ,&nbsp;Douglas P. Connelly ,&nbsp;Richard D. Pancost","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The impact of hydrothermal systems on surrounding sedimentary microbial communities is not well understood and previous work has been limited to high temperature vent sites at slow or ultraslow spreading oceanic centres. To build on the current understanding of hydrothermal systems, we explore for the first time the organic geochemistry of the only known back-arc basin hydrothermal system outside the Pacific Ocean: the East Scotia Ridge (ESR), which belongs to the South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands Marine Protected Area. Lipid biomarkers contained in sediments and hydrothermal sulphides along two hydrothermal vent fields north and south of the ESR, respectively, revealed the impact of hydrothermal activity, including both high temperature and low temperature diffusive venting, on sedimentary microbial communities. In the vent field north of the ESR, elevated ring indices of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) and proportions of monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers (GMGTs), and a high ratio of total fatty acids (FAs; free plus polar lipids) to putative phytoplankton biomarkers in sediments suggest that high-temperature hydrothermalism has a local impact on surrounding sediments through the input of plume dwelling archaea and bacteria. This impact seems to be restricted to the periphery of the vent source, in agreement with the limited dataset available from slow or ultraslow spreading centres. Likewise, elevated FA to phytoplankton biomarker ratios within a diffusive hydrothermal field south of the ESR suggest an additional input of bacterial biomass relative to background sediments. Our results indicate that low temperature diffusive venting might have a higher impact than previously thought, being locally important in supporting the food chain in deep-sea environments. The distribution of tetraether lipids suggests that a higher proportion of thermophilic archaea thrive in the interior of sulphide chimneys, whereas total FA concentrations and distributions suggest that most bacteria inhabit the exterior chimney layers, where temperature is cooler than the innermost layer in contact with the hydrothermal fluid. Furthermore, differences in total FA concentrations suggest that chimney wall thickness is a control on bacterial abundance through the availability of a higher or lower diversity (and volume) of microhabitats. Our results also indicate that bacteria adapt to increasing temperatures by decreasing their degree of unsaturation. By comparison to GDGT data from other settings, it seems that overall ring indices in hydrothermal deposits are governed by growth temperature, although they might also reflect ecological factors. Our results suggest that hydrothermalism shapes microbial communities within chimneys and surrounding sediments following broadly similar patterns regardless of the type of spreading centre they are located at.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51009,"journal":{"name":"Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 104247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967063724000177/pdfft?md5=21a3293a4ca8b87b3a6a3eae9de671e1&pid=1-s2.0-S0967063724000177-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139886288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Response of ice krill (Euphausia crystallorophias) density to environmental changes in the Amundsen Sea Coastal Polynya, Antarctica 冰磷虾(Euphausia crystallorophias)密度对南极洲阿蒙森海沿岸多能区环境变化的响应
IF 2.4 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104250
Jialiang Yang , Shuai Li , Lingzhi Li , Xin Rao , Shuai Chen , Hongliang Huang

The density of ice krill (Euphausia crystallorophias), a species of key ecological value, and related environmental factors were observed along two transects in the Amundsen Sea Coastal Polynya (ASCP) in Antarctica. The distribution of ice krill was processed using two-frequency acoustic backscatter data identification, and the target strength of ice krill was calculated via stochastic distorted-wave born approximation based on the ice krill sample. The ice krill density ranged from 0.96 to 11.01 g m−2 for each transect (mean value was 5.77 g m−2 for the entire survey). These results were of a lower order of magnitude than those of a previous study in the same waters, although the ice krill was still the dominant krill specie in this polynya. We contend that the extent of the phytoplankton bloom might be the factor behind this difference, while other hydrographic parameters such as surface temperature and salinity would have some effect on the spatial distribution of ice krill abundance. Meanwhile, the density and height of ice krill abundance suggested that the diurnal effect on the ice krill was almost negligible. According to the fitted results of regression model, the abundance of ice krill in ASCP in 2022 summer was estimated approximately 175,000 tons.

在南极洲阿蒙森海沿岸多能区(ASCP)的两个横断面上观测了具有重要生态价值的物种--冰磷虾(Euphausia crystallorophias)的密度及相关环境因子。利用双频声学反向散射数据识别处理了冰磷虾的分布,并根据冰磷虾样本通过随机扭曲波生近似计算了冰磷虾的目标强度。每个断面的冰磷虾密度从 0.96 克/平方米到 11.01 克/平方米不等(整个调查的平均值为 5.77 克/平方米)。尽管冰磷虾仍是该水域的主要磷虾种类,但与之前在同一水域进行的研究相比,这些结果的数量级较低。我们认为,浮游植物大量繁殖的程度可能是造成这种差异的原因,而其他水文参数(如表面温度和盐度)也会对冰磷虾丰度的空间分布产生一定影响。同时,冰磷虾丰度的密度和高度表明,昼夜对冰磷虾的影响几乎可以忽略不计。根据回归模型的拟合结果,估计 2022 年夏季 ASCP 的冰磷虾数量约为 17.5 万吨。
{"title":"Response of ice krill (Euphausia crystallorophias) density to environmental changes in the Amundsen Sea Coastal Polynya, Antarctica","authors":"Jialiang Yang ,&nbsp;Shuai Li ,&nbsp;Lingzhi Li ,&nbsp;Xin Rao ,&nbsp;Shuai Chen ,&nbsp;Hongliang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The density of ice krill (<em>Euphausia crystallorophias</em>), a species of key ecological value, and related environmental factors were observed along two transects in the Amundsen Sea Coastal Polynya (ASCP) in Antarctica. The distribution of ice krill was processed using two-frequency acoustic backscatter data identification, and the target strength of ice krill was calculated via stochastic distorted-wave born approximation based on the ice krill sample. The ice krill density ranged from 0.96 to 11.01 g m<sup>−2</sup> for each transect (mean value was 5.77 g m<sup>−2</sup> for the entire survey). These results were of a lower order of magnitude than those of a previous study in the same waters, although the ice krill was still the dominant krill specie in this polynya. We contend that the extent of the phytoplankton bloom might be the factor behind this difference, while other hydrographic parameters such as surface temperature and salinity would have some effect on the spatial distribution of ice krill abundance. Meanwhile, the density and height of ice krill abundance suggested that the diurnal effect on the ice krill was almost negligible. According to the fitted results of regression model, the abundance of ice krill in ASCP in 2022 summer was estimated approximately 175,000 tons.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51009,"journal":{"name":"Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 104250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139688632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Estimating daily subsurface thermohaline structure from satellite data: A deep network with embedded empirical orthogonal functions 从卫星数据估算每日次表层温盐结构:内嵌经验正交函数的深度网络
IF 2.4 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104257
Hengqian Yan, Ren Zhang, Huizan Wang, Senliang Bao, Yongchui Zhang, Mei Hong

Estimating subsurface thermohaline structure from concurrent satellite data is a meaningful way to enrich internal oceanic observations. As a powerful tool for data mining, many studies have used machine learning in subsurface reconstruction, but most conventional applications have been purely black-box in nature without further consideration of oceanic characteristics. Instead, proposed here for the first time is a semi-explicit deep network for reconstructing the oceanic interior from surface data. Named EEFFNN, the method embeds empirical orthogonal functions extracted from reanalysis data (the EE part of the name) into the inner framework of a feed-forward neural network (the FFNN part of the name). Comparison with Argo profiles and reanalysis data shows that EEFFNN can significantly outperform conventional machine-learning algorithms in estimating subsurface thermohaline structures and especially subsurface-intensified eddies. Also, EEFFNN can perform thermohaline reconstruction in one pass, making it more lightweight than “shallow” machine-learning algorithms such as random forest. Overall, EEFFNN shows promise for being applied to operational thermohaline reconstruction in the near future.

从同期卫星数据中估算次表层温盐结构是丰富内部海洋观测数据的一种有意义的方法。作为一种强大的数据挖掘工具,许多研究都将机器学习用于次表层重建,但大多数传统应用都是纯粹的黑箱性质,没有进一步考虑海洋特征。本文首次提出了一种半显式深度网络,用于从表面数据重建海洋内部。该方法被命名为 EEFFNN,它将从再分析数据(名称中的 EE 部分)中提取的经验正交函数嵌入到前馈神经网络(名称中的 FFNN 部分)的内部框架中。与 Argo 剖面图和再分析数据的比较表明,EEFFNN 在估算次表层温盐结构,特别是次表层强化涡方面的性能明显优于传统的机器学习算法。此外,EEFFNN 还能一次性完成温盐重建,比随机森林等 "浅层 "机器学习算法更轻便。总之,EEFFNN 有希望在不久的将来应用于实际的温盐重建。
{"title":"Estimating daily subsurface thermohaline structure from satellite data: A deep network with embedded empirical orthogonal functions","authors":"Hengqian Yan,&nbsp;Ren Zhang,&nbsp;Huizan Wang,&nbsp;Senliang Bao,&nbsp;Yongchui Zhang,&nbsp;Mei Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Estimating subsurface thermohaline structure from concurrent satellite data is a meaningful way to enrich internal oceanic observations. As a powerful tool for data mining, many studies have used machine learning in subsurface reconstruction, but most conventional applications have been purely black-box in nature without further consideration of oceanic characteristics. Instead, proposed here for the first time is a semi-explicit deep network for reconstructing the oceanic interior from surface data. Named EEFFNN, the method embeds empirical orthogonal functions extracted from reanalysis data (the EE part of the name) into the inner framework of a feed-forward neural network (the FFNN part of the name). Comparison with Argo profiles and reanalysis data shows that EEFFNN can significantly outperform conventional machine-learning algorithms in estimating subsurface thermohaline structures and especially subsurface-intensified eddies. Also, EEFFNN can perform thermohaline reconstruction in one pass, making it more lightweight than “shallow” machine-learning algorithms such as random forest. Overall, EEFFNN shows promise for being applied to operational thermohaline reconstruction in the near future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51009,"journal":{"name":"Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 104257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139677944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1