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Long-Term Stability of Marine Forests Facing Moderate Gradual Warming in a Remote Biodiversity Hotspot 偏远生物多样性热点地区海洋森林面对中度逐渐变暖的长期稳定性
IF 4.6 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13933
Albert Pessarrodona, Georgina Wood, Camille M. Grimaldi, Nisse Goldberg, Gary A. Kendrick, Samuel Starko, Thomas Wernberg

Aim

Ocean warming and marine heatwaves are rapidly reconfiguring the composition of seaweed forests—the world's largest coastal vegetated biome. Seaweed forest responses to climate change in remote locations, which constitute the majority of the forest biome, remain however poorly quantified. Here, we examine the temporal stability of the seaweed forests across a global seaweed biodiversity hotspot where several species are predicted to undergo severe range contractions in this century.

Location

Western south coast of Australia.

Methods

Seaweed forest canopies were censused at 18 shallow (< 10 m) sheltered reefs between 1997 and 2006 and again between 2021 and 2024 (six sites per location). We also surveyed 24 sites to examine whether temporal changes differed over gradients of wave exposure and depth.

Results

Seaweed forest canopies across all locations showed surprisingly little change in biomass, cover, stand density and species composition over two decades, with strong spatial structuring across depth and exposure gradients persisting over time. The average thermal affinity of forest canopies (i.e., the community temperature index, CTI) did not track warming, suggesting that factors other than temperature (e.g., wave exposure and depth) are more important drivers of forest stand structure and/or that key thermal thresholds have not yet been crossed. Forests in the location with the most pronounced warming exhibited increased thermal bias over time (total bias of 0.8°C–2.2°C), indicating they were dominated by species with cooler affinities than their local temperatures.

Main Conclusions

The greater thermal bias in forests at the warmer edge of southern Australia suggests these will be more susceptible to future warming-related compositional changes than forests in cooler locations. The relative stability we found contrasts with a current context of rapidly changing seaweed forests nationally and globally, highlighting the need to deepen our ecological understanding of the region so that future changes to its unique biodiversity and ecosystem services can be predicted and mitigated.

目的 海洋变暖和海洋热浪正在迅速改变海藻林--世界上最大的沿海植被生物群落--的组成。然而,构成森林生物群落大部分的偏远地区的海藻林对气候变化的反应仍然很少被量化。在这里,我们研究了全球海藻生物多样性热点地区海藻林的时间稳定性,据预测,本世纪该热点地区的一些物种将出现严重的分布范围缩小。 地点 澳大利亚南部西海岸。 方法 1997年至2006年间以及2021年至2024年间,在18个浅礁(< 10米)的遮蔽礁上对海藻林树冠进行了普查(每个地点6个地点)。我们还调查了 24 个地点,以研究时间变化是否随海浪暴露梯度和深度而不同。 结果 所有地点的海藻林冠在生物量、覆盖率、林分密度和物种组成方面在二十年间的变化之小令人惊讶,不同深度和暴露梯度的空间结构随着时间的推移持续存在。林冠的平均热亲和力(即群落温度指数 CTI)并没有跟踪气候变暖,这表明温度以外的因素(如波浪暴露和深度)是林分结构更重要的驱动因素,并且/或者关键的热阈值尚未跨越。随着时间的推移,气候变暖最明显地区的森林表现出更大的热偏差(总偏差为 0.8°C-2.2°C),这表明这些森林主要由亲缘温度低于当地温度的物种所占据。 主要结论 澳大利亚南部较暖边缘的森林热偏差较大,这表明与较冷地区的森林相比,这些森林未来更容易受到与气候变暖相关的成分变化的影响。我们发现的相对稳定性与当前全国和全球海藻森林迅速变化的背景形成了鲜明对比,这突出表明我们有必要加深对该地区生态的了解,以便预测和缓解其独特的生物多样性和生态系统服务的未来变化。
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引用次数: 0
Thermal Tolerance and Species Distributions: Interactions Between Latitude, Elevation and Arboreality in Ants 耐热性与物种分布:蚂蚁的纬度、海拔和树栖性之间的相互作用
IF 4.6 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13936
Talita Camara, Alan N. Andersen, Geraldo Nascimento, Xavier Arnan

Aim

Global warming has highlighted the importance of understanding the role of thermal tolerance as a driver of species distributions, especially for ectotherms. Here we analyse interactions between latitude, elevation and arboreality as predictors of geographic patterns of thermal tolerance in ants.

Location

The collected data are distributed globally.

Methods

We first tested the effect of latitude, elevation and its interactive effect on ant CTmax and CTmin. Second, we tested whether CTmax and CTmin are phylogenetic clustering. Finally, we tested whether CTmax and CTmin can be explained by nesting microhabitat (ground vs. tree-nesting species) and whether the probability of occurrence of tree-nesting species along thermal gradients helps explain the global pattern in ant CTmax.

Results

CTmax and CTmin displayed high and low phylogenetic signals respectively and therefore showed different responses to geographic gradients. Notably, we found that CTmax was higher in higher latitudes. This was explained by a lack of elevational turnover at high latitudes among tree-nesting species, which are exposed to warmer microclimates and have higher CTmax compared with ground-nesting species. CTmin decreased with elevation at low latitudes, but did not vary with elevation at higher latitudes.

Main Conclusions

Our findings highlight the important influence of arboreality on the macroecology of thermal tolerance, substantially modifying traditional notions of variation along latitudinal and elevation gradients.

目的 全球变暖凸显了了解热耐受性作为物种分布驱动因素的重要性,尤其是对于外温动物而言。在此,我们分析了纬度、海拔高度和树栖性之间的相互作用,以预测蚂蚁耐热性的地理模式。 地点 收集的数据分布在全球各地。 方法 我们首先测试了纬度、海拔及其交互作用对蚂蚁 CTmax 和 CTmin 的影响。其次,我们测试了 CTmax 和 CTmin 是否具有系统发育聚类。最后,我们测试了筑巢微生境(地面筑巢与树上筑巢物种)是否可以解释 CTmax 和 CTmin,以及热梯度上树上筑巢物种的出现概率是否有助于解释蚂蚁 CTmax 的全球模式。 结果 CTmax 和 CTmin 分别显示出高和低的系统发育信号,因此对地理梯度表现出不同的反应。值得注意的是,我们发现 CTmax 在高纬度地区更高。这是因为树栖物种在高纬度地区缺乏海拔变化,而树栖物种暴露在更温暖的小气候中,与地栖物种相比,CTmax更高。在低纬度地区,CTmin随海拔升高而降低,但在高纬度地区,CTmin并不随海拔升高而变化。 主要结论 我们的发现凸显了树栖性对热耐受性宏观生态学的重要影响,大大改变了沿纬度和海拔梯度变化的传统观念。
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引用次数: 0
Seeing the Big- to Fine-Grained Picture: Exploring the Baseline Status of Mammal Occupancy Across Myanmar Using Scale-Optimised Modelling 看清从大到小的全貌:利用规模优化模型探索缅甸各地哺乳动物栖息地的基线状况
IF 4.6 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13934
Pyae Phyoe Kyaw, Samuel A. Cushman, Żaneta Kaszta, Dawn Burnham, Than Zaw, Hla Naing, Saw Htun, Kyaw Moe, Aung Ye Tun, Okka Myo, Zarni Aung, Khin Myo Myo, Htet Arkar Aung, Saw Htoo Tha Po, Saw Ehkhu Po, Saw William L. Tun, Saw Hay Nay, David W. Macdonald
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Myanmar, an Indo-Burmese biodiversity hotspot, lacks baseline data on species occurrence and distribution. This hinders biodiversity monitoring and optimisation of conservation and development plans. We aim to document baseline mammal occupancy, interactions with environmental factors and scale-dependent responses.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Hkakaborazi National Park, Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary, Alaungdaw Kathapa National Park, Rakhine Yoma Elephant Range, Say Taung and Myinmoletkhat Key Biodiversity Areas distributed across Myanmar.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Camera trap data throughout Myanmar were used to analyse species occupancy. We conducted a multiscale hierarchical spatial modelling process, using local and pooled data across Myanmar. We also optimised spatial scale across five scales and six predictors, using univariate occupancy models. We then selected scale-optimised variables for multivariate modelling, repeating this process for each species across local, regional and national datasets.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>The study identified 47 terrestrial species and observed strong scale-dependent nonstationarity in occupancy estimates. Relationships with environmental variables differed among species and were highly scale dependent. Importantly, occupancy estimates produced by pooling data across sites were greatly different from any of the estimates for the individual sites, suggesting that high heterogeneity in occurrence and abundance across sites among species requires local or nested occupancy estimates to account for spatial heterogeneity and variation.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>Future conservation efforts should focus on Northern Myanmar if range-restricted and rare species are to be protected, while focus should still be given to common species which serve as potential indicators of overall community structure. The nonstationarity of occupancy results from different datasets underscores the potential for misleading interpretations from aggregated data in nonstationary ecological systems. Metareplicated analyses of local, geographically and ecologically proximal regional datasets provide an important view of spatial variation in occupancy patterns guiding conservation design and improving understanding of the drivers of biodiversity patterns and change across large regions, such as Southeast Asia.</p>
目标 缅甸是印缅生物多样性的热点地区,但缺乏有关物种出现和分布的基线数据。这阻碍了生物多样性监测以及保护和发展计划的优化。我们的目标是记录哺乳动物的基线分布、与环境因素的相互作用以及规模依赖性反应。 地点 Hkakaborazi 国家公园、Htamanthi 野生动物保护区、Alaungdaw Kathapa 国家公园、Rakhine Yoma 大象山脉、分布在缅甸各地的 Say Taung 和 Myinmoletkhat 重点生物多样性区。 方法 利用缅甸各地的相机陷阱数据分析物种占有情况。我们利用缅甸各地的本地数据和汇集数据进行了多尺度分层空间建模。我们还利用单变量占据模型对五个尺度和六个预测因子的空间尺度进行了优化。然后,我们选择尺度优化后的变量进行多变量建模,在地方、地区和国家数据集上对每个物种重复这一过程。 结果 该研究确定了 47 种陆生物种,并观察到占用率估计值具有很强的规模依赖性和非平稳性。不同物种与环境变量的关系各不相同,并且高度依赖于规模。重要的是,通过汇集不同地点的数据得出的占有率估计值与单个地点的任何估计值都有很大差异,这表明不同地点的物种在发生率和丰度方面存在很大的异质性,需要进行局部或嵌套占有率估计,以考虑空间异质性和变化。 主要结论 如果要保护分布范围受限的稀有物种,未来的保护工作应侧重于缅甸北部,同时仍应关注作为整体群落结构潜在指标的常见物种。不同数据集的占有率结果不稳定,这突出表明在非稳定的生态系统中,综合数据的解释可能会产生误导。对当地、地理上和生态上接近的区域数据集进行元复制分析,可提供占用模式空间变化的重要视角,从而指导保护设计,并提高对东南亚等大区域生物多样性模式和变化驱动因素的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Bird Phylogenetic Diversity Increases With Temperature Worldwide 全球鸟类系统发育多样性随温度升高而增加
IF 4.6 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13930
Pelayo Barrios, Carlos Martinez-Nuñez

Aim

Temperature significantly influences the composition and structure of biotic communities at large scales. While its role in shaping taxonomic diversity is well-documented, its relationship with other facets of biodiversity, like phylogenetic diversity, remains poorly known. Understanding how and to which extent temperature contributes to global patterns of phylogenetic diversity compared to other biodiversity-structuring factors is crucial for comprehending how bird assemblages are structured worldwide, predicting their response to global-change drivers and supporting conservation policies focused on preserving bird genetic diversity and evolutionary history.

Location

Worldwide.

Methods

We analyse the role of temperature in predicting bird regional phylogenetic richness (PD) and divergence (MPD) worldwide, before and after controlling for the effect of species richness (SR). We also assess the shape of this relationship in different biogeographic realms and compare its explanatory power with other key biodiversity-structuring factors such as elevation, human impact index, net primary productivity and land use diversity.

Results

Our findings underscore the high significance and consistency of temperature as a key predictor positively associated with bird PD and MPD across the six main biogeographic realms, even after accounting for SR and latitude, suggesting that temperature modulates the intrinsic capacity of environments to support a diverse array of lineages. In addition, PD and MPD tended to increase at low elevations, but the human-impact index did not effectively predict bird phylogenetic diversity at this scale. Furthermore, high PD was linked to regions with high primary productivity and high land-use diversity, although both of these relationships were strongly mediated by SR.

Conclusions

This study unveils the key role of temperature in explaining bird phylogenetic diversity worldwide over other key biodiversity-structuring factors and points to the profound implications that climate change will have on the amount of evolutionary history held in bird assemblages, beyond species extinctions or range shifts alone.

气温在很大程度上影响着生物群落的组成和结构。虽然温度在形成分类多样性方面的作用已得到充分证实,但它与生物多样性的其他方面(如系统发育多样性)之间的关系仍鲜为人知。与其他生物多样性结构因素相比,了解温度如何以及在多大程度上影响全球系统发育多样性模式,对于理解全球鸟类群落的结构、预测它们对全球变化驱动因素的反应以及支持以保护鸟类遗传多样性和进化历史为重点的保护政策至关重要。 地点:全球。 方法 在控制物种丰富度(SR)的影响之前和之后,我们分析了温度在预测全球鸟类区域系统发育丰富度(PD)和分化(MPD)方面的作用。我们还评估了这一关系在不同生物地理区域的形态,并将其解释力与海拔高度、人类影响指数、净初级生产力和土地利用多样性等其他关键生物多样性构建因素进行了比较。 结果 我们的研究结果表明,即使考虑了SR和纬度因素,在六个主要生物地理区域中,温度作为与鸟类PD和MPD正相关的关键预测因子,其显著性和一致性都很高,这表明温度可以调节环境的内在能力,以支持多种多样的物种。此外,PD 和 MPD 在低海拔地区呈上升趋势,但人类影响指数并不能有效预测这一范围内的鸟类系统发育多样性。此外,高PD与高初级生产力和高土地利用多样性的地区有关,尽管这两种关系都受到SR的强烈影响。 结论 本研究揭示了温度在解释全球鸟类系统发育多样性方面的关键作用,超过了其他关键的生物多样性构建因素,并指出气候变化将对鸟类群落中进化历史的数量产生深远影响,而不仅仅是物种灭绝或分布范围的变化。
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引用次数: 0
Global Variability of Degree Distribution in Marine Food Webs 海洋食物网中度分布的全球变异性
IF 4.6 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13927
Yan Xu, Ferenc Jordán, Mingliang Zhou, Xumeng Huo, Yanpeng Cai, Syed Aziz Ur Rehman, Jun Sun

Aim

In complex networks, the degree distribution varies and provides an insight into the general structure of the system. For example, it may show scale-free characteristics of the network, indicating higher vulnerability against non-random disturbances. However, investigating its spatio-temporal variability, degree distribution in marine food webs remains an unresolved issue. In this paper, we focus on describing the global variability of degree distribution in marine food webs.

Location

Global.

Methods

We studied 105 marine food webs. By Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, and kernel density estimation, we determined the degree distribution of each food web, described its spatio-temporal pattern and quantified the correlation between relevant parameters as a function of the scale-free property of the degree distribution.

Results

Marine food webs around the globe did not strictly exhibit scale-free characteristics in most regions, and only below 5% of the food webs entered the “strongest fit” level of the scale-free network. We also find food webs in the polar regions indicate relatively high goodness-of-fit to scale-free networks. The upwelling ecosystem related to ocean currents is prone to form a scale-free web, which exhibits periodic scale-free characteristics. The ecosystem types with relatively ‘low fit’ levels were mainly concentrated in the ecosystems heavily influenced by human activities.

Main Conclusions

This research will enhance the research in terms of (a) classifying degree distribution in marine food webs; (b) revealing the variability in the spatial pattern of particular distributions, for example, the scale-free characteristics and (c) exploring the distribution of in-degree in space, quantifying the proportion of generalist and specialist species, as a potential indicator of adaptive potential of ecosystems. This research contributes to our understanding of the scale-free features of marine food webs globally. It also offers a real systems-based conservation approach to assess the spatial heterogeneity of the structural vulnerability of marine ecosystems.

目的 在复杂的网络中,阶数分布各不相同,可以让人了解系统的总体结构。例如,它可能显示出网络的无标度特征,表明网络在非随机干扰面前更脆弱。然而,研究海洋食物网中的度分布的时空变异性仍是一个悬而未决的问题。在本文中,我们将重点描述海洋食物网中度分布的全球变异性。 地点 全球。 方法 我们研究了 105 个海洋食物网。通过 Kolmogorov-Smirnov 检验和核密度估计,我们确定了每个食物网的阶数分布,描述了其时空模式,并量化了相关参数之间的相关性,将其作为阶数分布无标度特性的函数。 结果发现,全球大部分地区的海洋食物网并没有严格表现出无标度特征,只有不到 5%的食物网进入了无标度网络的 "最强拟合 "级别。我们还发现极地地区的食物网与无标度网络的拟合度相对较高。与洋流相关的上升流生态系统容易形成无标度网,表现出周期性的无标度特征。拟合度相对较低的生态系统类型主要集中在受人类活动影响较大的生态系统中。 主要结论 这项研究将加强以下方面的研究:(a)对海洋食物网中的度分布进行分类;(b)揭示特定分布的空间模式的变异性,例如无尺度特征;以及(c)探索空间中的度分布,量化通性物种和专性物种的比例,作为生态系统适应潜力的潜在指标。这项研究有助于我们了解全球海洋食物网的无尺度特征。它还提供了一种真正基于系统的保护方法,用于评估海洋生态系统结构脆弱性的空间异质性。
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引用次数: 0
A Functional Assessment of Community Vulnerability to the Loss of Myrtaceae From Myrtle Rust 桃金娘锈病造成桃金娘科植物损失的群落脆弱性功能评估
IF 4.6 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13928
James K. McCarthy, Sarah J. Richardson, Insu Jo, Susan K. Wiser, Tomás A. Easdale, James D. Shepherd, Peter J. Bellingham

Aim

Woody ecosystems provide critical ecosystem functions and services but are increasingly threatened as invasive pathogens spread globally. Myrtle rust, caused by Austropuccinia psidii, arrived in New Zealand in 2017 and infects at least 12 of 18 species in the susceptible Myrtaceae plant family. Among these are species of structural, successional and cultural importance. We aim to assess whether the functional consequences of Myrtaceae loss could be mitigated if co-occurring species with shared functional attributes are able to replace them.

Location

New Zealand (but with concepts and methodologies that apply globally).

Methods

Using a nationwide forest and shrubland plot data set, we assessed community vulnerability to the loss of Myrtaceae species by analysing proportional changes in average trait values when they are absent and produced spatial predictions indicating where species loss might have the greatest impact on community functionality. We then assessed whether compensatory infilling by co-occurring species would mediate community vulnerability.

Results

Forests and shrublands containing Kunzea ericoides and Leptospermum scoparium are highly vulnerable to their loss. Areas most vulnerable overall are the central and south-eastern North Island, north-eastern South Island and Stewart Island. For all species, compensatory infilling moderated the impact of their loss. However, if co-occurring Myrtaceae were unable to respond, possibly if they were also infected, community vulnerability almost always increased because infilling species had different functional attributes, compounding the functional impact.

Main Conclusions

Early successional woody plant communities and Myrtaceae-dominated old-growth forests are at most risk. Our spatial assessment of species-level functional impacts from myrtle rust will facilitate better-informed landscape-level responses. Management actions and monitoring can now be targeted to areas and communities at greatest risk of losing ecosystem-level processes.

目的 林木生态系统提供了重要的生态系统功能和服务,但随着入侵病原体在全球范围内蔓延,林木生态系统正日益受到威胁。由Austropuccinia psidii引起的桃金娘锈病于2017年传入新西兰,感染了易感桃金娘科植物18个物种中的至少12个。其中包括具有结构、演替和文化重要性的物种。我们旨在评估,如果具有共同功能属性的共生物种能够取代桃金娘科植物,是否可以减轻其消失所带来的功能性后果。 地点 新西兰(但概念和方法适用于全球)。 方法 我们利用全国范围内的森林和灌木地小区数据集,通过分析桃金娘科物种消失时平均性状值的比例变化,评估群落对桃金娘科物种消失的脆弱性,并得出空间预测结果,指出物种消失可能对群落功能产生最大影响的地方。然后,我们评估了共生物种的补偿性填充是否会调节群落的脆弱性。 结果 含有 Kunzea ericoides 和 Leptospermum scoparium 的森林和灌木林极易受到物种消失的影响。北岛中部和东南部、南岛东北部以及斯图尔特岛是最脆弱的地区。对所有物种而言,补偿性填充都能减缓其消失的影响。然而,如果共生的桃金娘科植物无法做出反应,可能是因为它们也受到了感染,群落的脆弱性几乎总是会增加,因为填充物种具有不同的功能属性,从而加剧了功能影响。 主要结论 早期演替木本植物群落和桃金娘科为主的古老森林面临的风险最大。我们对桃金娘锈病在物种层面上的功能影响进行的空间评估将有助于在景观层面上采取更明智的应对措施。现在,管理行动和监测工作可以有针对性地针对最有可能丧失生态系统级过程的地区和群落。
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引用次数: 0
Identifying Gaps in the Protection of Mediterranean Seagrass Habitats Using Network-Based Prioritisation 利用基于网络的优先排序确定地中海海草栖息地保护方面的差距
IF 4.6 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13922
Damiano Baldan, Yohann Chauvier-Mendes, Fabrizio Gianni, Gianpiero Cossarini, Vinko Bandelj

Aim

Seagrass meadows represent a key marine ecosystem owing to the significant biodiversity they host. Protection actions are often implemented without considering connectivity between habitats. In this article, we project and prioritise Mediterranean seagrass habitats (Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa) based on their potential as sources/retention and stepping stones for dispersal propagules of the associated biotic communities. We use this information to identify gaps in the protection of highly ranked habitats.

Location

Mediterranean Sea.

Methods

We related seagrass observations with marine environmental predictors to run species distribution models and infer the distribution of Mediterranean seagrasses. We then used a network-based approach (CONEFOR) to rank patches of seagrass suitable areas based on their contribution to the seascape in terms of patch area, potential as source/retention of propagules and stepping stone. Finally, by overlaying our ranking with the spatial distribution of marine protected areas (MPAs), we identified potential gaps in the protection of important seagrass habitats across the Mediterranean and its basins.

Results

Most of the identified patches of seagrass suitable areas are not included in MPAs, only reaching a maximum protection coverage of ~50% in the Northwestern Mediterranean. Relatively few patches contribute disproportionately to connectivity, but top-ranked habitat patches are not included within the existing MPAs network, both at the Mediterranean scale and for most basins. The largest gaps for the source/sink role are in the Aegean and Ionian Sea, and largest gaps for the stepping stone role are in the Adriatic, Ionian and Tyrrhenian Sea.

Main Conclusions

Our results suggest that the current MPAs network fails to protect highly relevant patches of seagrass suitable areas in most of the Mediterranean basins. However, this gap could be filled by a few well-placed MPAs. Overall, we provide novel insights for the identification of key habitats and planning novel coastal MPAs in the region.

目的 海草草甸是一个重要的海洋生态系统,具有重要的生物多样性。在实施保护措施时,往往没有考虑到栖息地之间的连通性。在本文中,我们根据地中海海草栖息地(Posidonia oceanica 和 Cymodocea nodosa)作为相关生物群落传播繁殖体的来源/滞留地和踏脚石的潜力,对其进行了预测和优先排序。我们利用这些信息来确定在保护排名靠前的栖息地方面存在的差距。 地点:地中海。 方法 我们将海草观测结果与海洋环境预测因素联系起来,运行物种分布模型,推断地中海海草的分布情况。然后,我们使用一种基于网络的方法(CONEFOR),根据海草对海景的贡献(包括海草区面积、作为繁殖源/保留地的潜力以及垫脚石)对海草适宜区进行排序。最后,通过将我们的排名与海洋保护区(MPAs)的空间分布进行对比,我们确定了地中海及其流域重要海草栖息地保护方面的潜在差距。 结果 大部分已确定的海草适宜区都未被纳入海洋保护区,仅在地中海西北部达到约 50% 的最大保护覆盖率。相对较少的斑块对连通性的贡献不成比例,但无论是在地中海范围还是在大多数流域,排名靠前的生境斑块都没有被纳入现有的海洋保护区网络。爱琴海和爱奥尼亚海的源/汇作用差距最大,亚得里亚海、爱奥尼亚海和第勒尼安海的台阶作用差距最大。 主要结论 我们的研究结果表明,目前的海洋保护区网络未能保护大多数地中海盆地中高度相关的海草适宜区。然而,这一空白可以通过几个位置合理的海洋保护区来填补。总之,我们为该地区关键栖息地的识别和新型沿海海洋保护区的规划提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Cover page 封面
IF 4.6 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13873

The cover image relates to the Research Article https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13902 “Contrasting patterns of spatial genetic structure in endangered southern damselfly (Coenagrion mercuriale) populations facing habitat fragmentation and urbanisation” by Lévêque et al. Southern Damselflies mating in northern France. Photo credit: Agathe Lévêque.

封面图片与研究文章 https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13902 "面临生境破碎化和城市化的濒危南方豆娘(Coenagrion mercuriale)种群的空间遗传结构对比模式 "有关,作者为 Lévêque。 法国北部的南方豆娘交配。图片来源:Agathe Lévêque。
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引用次数: 0
Can we leverage botanical gardens to study global plant functional diversity? 我们能否利用植物园来研究全球植物功能多样性?
IF 4.6 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13915
Giacomo Puglielli

Biodiversity is a multidimensional concept spanning the diversity of organismal form and function (functional diversity) together with taxonomic and genetic diversity. In the case of plants, botanical gardens have historically strived to preserve taxonomic diversity with a global scope. However, their success in preserving global functional diversity lacks testing. Given that living collections in botanical gardens span major global vegetation types and evolutionary histories, it is reasonable to expect that a species assemblage in a botanical garden is a representative random sample of global vegetation. In such a case, botanical gardens should contain global functional diversity. Testing for this could elect botanical gardens as laboratories for studying global plant functional diversity, providing a much-needed alternative in the way we study global patterns of this diversity facet.

生物多样性是一个多维度的概念,涵盖了生物形态和功能的多样性(功能多样性)以及分类和遗传多样性。就植物而言,植物园在历史上一直努力保持全球范围内的分类多样性。然而,它们在保护全球功能多样性方面的成功缺乏检验。鉴于植物园内的生物群落跨越了全球主要的植被类型和进化历史,我们有理由认为植物园内的物种组合是全球植被的代表性随机样本。在这种情况下,植物园应该包含全球功能多样性。对此进行测试可以选择植物园作为研究全球植物功能多样性的实验室,为我们研究这种多样性方面的全球模式提供了急需的替代方法。
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引用次数: 0
You Shall Not Pass: The Pacific Oxygen Minimum Zone Creates a Boundary to Shortfin Mako Shark Distribution in the Eastern North Pacific Ocean 你们不得通过:太平洋最低含氧量区为短鳍真鲨在北太平洋东部的分布划定了界限
IF 4.6 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13924
Michael E. Byrne, Heidi Dewar, Jeremy J. Vaudo, Bradley M. Wetherbee, Mahmood S. Shivji

Aim

Shoaling of large oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) that form along eastern margins of the world's oceans can reduce habitat availability for some pelagic fishes. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that habitat compression caused by shoaling of the Pacific OMZ in tropical regions creates a boundary to the southern distribution of shortfin mako sharks (Isurus oxyrinchus) in the Eastern North Pacific Ocean.

Location

Eastern North Pacific and Western North Atlantic oceans.

Methods

We compared environmental conditions between areas used by satellite-tagged mako sharks in the Eastern North Pacific, encompassing the world's largest OMZ, to those used in the Western North Atlantic where no OMZ is present. In the Pacific we quantified the effects of temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) on depth use and tested if sharks spent less time in areas with strong habitat compression over the OMZ than expected by chance.

Results

The southern distribution of sharks in the Pacific corresponded with the apex of OMZ shoaling in the North Equatorial Current. Sharks in the Atlantic occupied areas with warm surface temperatures (≥ 26°C) more often than the Pacific, and waters with these temperatures in the Atlantic had greater DO at depth. Sharks in the Pacific reduced time near the surface in warm temperatures and consistently avoided depths with low DO and spent less time in areas with strong habitat compression than expected by chance.

Main Conclusions

The combination of warm surface temperatures and shoaling of the OMZ creates a soft boundary to mako shark movements in the Eastern North Pacific Ocean. The expected expansion of OMZs due to climate change could have considerable impact on future distribution of mako sharks and other pelagic fish. As such, development of species distribution models to predict the effects of climate change on pelagic fish distributions should incorporate oxygen availability.

目的沿世界海洋东缘形成的大型最小含氧区(OMZ)的浅滩化会减少一些中上层鱼类的栖息地。我们的目的是检验这样一个假设,即热带地区的太平洋最低含氧带(OMZ)的浅滩化导致的栖息地压缩为短鳍鲭鲨(Isurus oxyrinchus)在北太平洋东部的南部分布划定了界限。方法我们比较了北太平洋东部卫星标记的短鳍鲭鲨(Mako shark)所使用的环境条件(包括世界上最大的最低含氧带)和北大西洋西部的环境条件(那里没有最低含氧带)。在太平洋,我们量化了温度和溶解氧(DO)对深度利用的影响,并测试了鲨鱼在 OMZ 上生境压缩较强的区域所花费的时间是否少于偶然的预期。大西洋鲨鱼比太平洋鲨鱼更频繁地占据表层温度较高(≥ 26°C)的区域,大西洋表层温度较高的水域深层溶解氧较高。太平洋鲨鱼减少了在温度较高的海面附近活动的时间,并始终避开溶解氧较低的深度,在栖息地压缩较强的区域活动的时间也少于偶然预测的时间。气候变化导致的 OMZ 的预期扩展可能会对鲭鲨和其他中上层鱼类的未来分布产生相当大的影响。因此,在开发物种分布模型以预测气候变化对中上层鱼类分布的影响时,应将氧气供应纳入其中。
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引用次数: 0
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Diversity and Distributions
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