Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/10420940.2019.1688802
S. Lucas, Jerald D. Harris
Abstract When naming ichnotaxa based on uncollectable trace fossils, the holotype is the actual ichnofossil in the outcrop, though some ichnologists identify the holotype as a replica (cast) held in a museum collection, and refer to it as a “plastotype,” although not all such replicas are made from plaster. Nevertheless, through its Code, the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) makes it clear that an artificial, human-made replica (plaster cast or otherwise) is not eligible to be the holotype of an ichnotaxon. This directive is potentially destabilizing to much ichnological taxonomy, which is based on holotypes left in the field that have disappeared or will disappear. One possible solution for ichnologists will be to petition the ICZN to recognize that artificial, human-made replicas of ichnofossils can serve as name-bearing types. These may best be called “axiotypes” (from the Greek axios, meaning “of equal value”).
{"title":"The “Plastotype Problem” in Ichnological Taxonomy","authors":"S. Lucas, Jerald D. Harris","doi":"10.1080/10420940.2019.1688802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940.2019.1688802","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract When naming ichnotaxa based on uncollectable trace fossils, the holotype is the actual ichnofossil in the outcrop, though some ichnologists identify the holotype as a replica (cast) held in a museum collection, and refer to it as a “plastotype,” although not all such replicas are made from plaster. Nevertheless, through its Code, the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) makes it clear that an artificial, human-made replica (plaster cast or otherwise) is not eligible to be the holotype of an ichnotaxon. This directive is potentially destabilizing to much ichnological taxonomy, which is based on holotypes left in the field that have disappeared or will disappear. One possible solution for ichnologists will be to petition the ICZN to recognize that artificial, human-made replicas of ichnofossils can serve as name-bearing types. These may best be called “axiotypes” (from the Greek axios, meaning “of equal value”).","PeriodicalId":51057,"journal":{"name":"Ichnos-An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces","volume":"34 1","pages":"107 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90512015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/10420940.2019.1612391
Gabriel Mendoza-Rodríguez, L. Buatois, D. Rincón-Martínez, M. Mángano, C. Baumgartner‐Mora
Abstract The ichnospecies Nummipera eocenica occurs in thick-bedded, tabular bioclastic massive sandstone of the upper Eocene San Jacinto Formation in the San Jacinto Fold Belt Basin, Colombia. Nummipera eocenica is a vertical to oblique burrow locally displaying a conical shape. The lining structure of the specimens studied consists of uniformly distributed lepidocyclinids and operculinids, with tests typically dipping towards the burrow wall, and well-compacted lining. The burrow infill is identical to the host rock, a bioclastic sandstone with abundant bivalve fragments. The diagnosis of Nummipera is emended to include as components of burrow lining all representatives of the Subclass Rotaliana characterized by being lenticular to discoidal in shape. In the San Jacinto Formation, Nummipera eocenica is present in the transition between deltaic mouth-bar and carbonate platform deposits.
{"title":"The armored burrow Nummipera eocenica from the upper Eocene San Jacinto Formation, Colombia: morphology and paleoenvironmental implications","authors":"Gabriel Mendoza-Rodríguez, L. Buatois, D. Rincón-Martínez, M. Mángano, C. Baumgartner‐Mora","doi":"10.1080/10420940.2019.1612391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940.2019.1612391","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The ichnospecies Nummipera eocenica occurs in thick-bedded, tabular bioclastic massive sandstone of the upper Eocene San Jacinto Formation in the San Jacinto Fold Belt Basin, Colombia. Nummipera eocenica is a vertical to oblique burrow locally displaying a conical shape. The lining structure of the specimens studied consists of uniformly distributed lepidocyclinids and operculinids, with tests typically dipping towards the burrow wall, and well-compacted lining. The burrow infill is identical to the host rock, a bioclastic sandstone with abundant bivalve fragments. The diagnosis of Nummipera is emended to include as components of burrow lining all representatives of the Subclass Rotaliana characterized by being lenticular to discoidal in shape. In the San Jacinto Formation, Nummipera eocenica is present in the transition between deltaic mouth-bar and carbonate platform deposits.","PeriodicalId":51057,"journal":{"name":"Ichnos-An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces","volume":"40 1","pages":"81 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79795805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/10420940.2019.1697261
J. Zonneveld, W. Bartels
Abstract The validity of the monotypic ichnogenus Thatchtelithichnus has been called into question due to an inference that it is a bioclaustration. Close analysis of the Thatchtelithichnus holmani holotype reveals that no part of this ichnotaxon involves a bioclaustration, and thus it remains a valid ichnotaxon. Thatchtelithichnus holmani has been observed on the bottom shell (plastron) of cryptodiran and pleurodiran turtles in North America and Egypt where it is interpreted to represent an attachment trace of aquatic ectoparasites. It has also been observed on dinosaur long bones where it may represent the activity of beetle larvae.
{"title":"Ichnologic note: in defence of Thatchtelithichnus Zonneveld, Bartels, Gunnell and McHugh, 2015","authors":"J. Zonneveld, W. Bartels","doi":"10.1080/10420940.2019.1697261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940.2019.1697261","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The validity of the monotypic ichnogenus Thatchtelithichnus has been called into question due to an inference that it is a bioclaustration. Close analysis of the Thatchtelithichnus holmani holotype reveals that no part of this ichnotaxon involves a bioclaustration, and thus it remains a valid ichnotaxon. Thatchtelithichnus holmani has been observed on the bottom shell (plastron) of cryptodiran and pleurodiran turtles in North America and Egypt where it is interpreted to represent an attachment trace of aquatic ectoparasites. It has also been observed on dinosaur long bones where it may represent the activity of beetle larvae.","PeriodicalId":51057,"journal":{"name":"Ichnos-An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces","volume":"370 1","pages":"152 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76605034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/10420940.2020.1744578
Shannon Hsieh
Abstract Trace densities may be a potential proxy for tracemaker densities, especially in settings where traces but not body fossils preserve well. The relationship between the density of the gastropod Batillaria minima and its trails was examined in a modern muddy intertidal zone of a lagoon on San Salvador Island, the Bahamas. The number of snails found within a quadrat was a moderately positive predictor of the number of trails that crossed the quadrat’s boundaries. This suggests in some modern ecological systems, trace density is a reasonable proxy for tracemaker density. However, in some cases, high densities of snails are found without correspondingly high trail densities, which may be driven by the snails clumping or moving little, perhaps to access shared resources. Observations of tagging individual snails and speed measurements also suggest that B. minima disperses around this type of mudflat habitat a few tens of centimeters a day.
{"title":"Does trace density reflect tracemaker density? A test using intertidal gastropods on San Salvador Island, the Bahamas","authors":"Shannon Hsieh","doi":"10.1080/10420940.2020.1744578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940.2020.1744578","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Trace densities may be a potential proxy for tracemaker densities, especially in settings where traces but not body fossils preserve well. The relationship between the density of the gastropod Batillaria minima and its trails was examined in a modern muddy intertidal zone of a lagoon on San Salvador Island, the Bahamas. The number of snails found within a quadrat was a moderately positive predictor of the number of trails that crossed the quadrat’s boundaries. This suggests in some modern ecological systems, trace density is a reasonable proxy for tracemaker density. However, in some cases, high densities of snails are found without correspondingly high trail densities, which may be driven by the snails clumping or moving little, perhaps to access shared resources. Observations of tagging individual snails and speed measurements also suggest that B. minima disperses around this type of mudflat habitat a few tens of centimeters a day.","PeriodicalId":51057,"journal":{"name":"Ichnos-An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces","volume":"83 1","pages":"268 - 276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76659931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/10420940.2019.1612393
A. Hunt, S. Lucas
Abstract In 1822, William Buckland first recognized Pleistocene vertebrate coprolites, and they are now known from more multiple localities with a global distribution. Carnivore coprolites dominate, and there are two distinct biogeographic and taphonomic provinces for vertebrate coprolites in the Pleistocene. The Castrocopros province of North and South America is characterized by a dominance of herbivore coprolites, which are preserved almost exclusively in caves. The Hyaenacoprus province in Africa, Europe and Asia is dominated by hyena coprolites that occur mainly in caves, but also in other depositional environments. Pacific Islands may represent a third province characterized by dominant bird coprolites from caves, but the known localities are all Holocene. Mammuthocopros allenorum ichnogen. and ichnosp. nov. is a coprolite of Mammuthus columbi from Utah, USA.
William Buckland于1822年首次发现更新世脊椎动物粪化石，现已在全球分布的多个地点发现。食肉性粪化石占主导地位，更新世脊椎动物粪化石有两个明显的生物地理和分类省。北美洲和南美洲的卡斯特罗普罗斯省的特点是食草性粪化石占主导地位，这些粪化石几乎全部保存在洞穴中。在非洲、欧洲和亚洲的hyaenoprus省以鬣狗粪化石为主，主要出现在洞穴中，但也出现在其他沉积环境中。太平洋岛屿可能是第三个以洞穴鸟类粪化石为主要特征的地区，但已知的地点都是全新世。异经乳。和ichnosp。11 .美国犹他州哥伦比亚猛犸粪化石。
{"title":"Hyena hegemony: biogeography and taphonomy of Pleistocene vertebrate coprolites with description of a new mammoth coprolite ichnotaxon","authors":"A. Hunt, S. Lucas","doi":"10.1080/10420940.2019.1612393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940.2019.1612393","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In 1822, William Buckland first recognized Pleistocene vertebrate coprolites, and they are now known from more multiple localities with a global distribution. Carnivore coprolites dominate, and there are two distinct biogeographic and taphonomic provinces for vertebrate coprolites in the Pleistocene. The Castrocopros province of North and South America is characterized by a dominance of herbivore coprolites, which are preserved almost exclusively in caves. The Hyaenacoprus province in Africa, Europe and Asia is dominated by hyena coprolites that occur mainly in caves, but also in other depositional environments. Pacific Islands may represent a third province characterized by dominant bird coprolites from caves, but the known localities are all Holocene. Mammuthocopros allenorum ichnogen. and ichnosp. nov. is a coprolite of Mammuthus columbi from Utah, USA.","PeriodicalId":51057,"journal":{"name":"Ichnos-An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces","volume":"59 1","pages":"111 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83015535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/10420940.2019.1697256
J. L. Soares, H. P. Santos, A. Brito, A. A. E. Nogueira, A. Nogueira, K. Amorim
Abstract Sinusichnus Gibert 1996 is recorded for the first time in the Oligocene-Miocene Pirabas Formation of Northern Brazil. In these Oligocene-Miocene carbonate deposits, Sinusichnus sinuosus is characterized by horizontal, highly regular sinusoidal burrow systems with T- and H-shaped branching points. The main difference between the S. sinuosus described herein and other occurrences worldwide is the anomalous diameter of the burrows (4 to 10 cm). These trace fossils occur in organic matter-rich, wackestone/packstone and laminated mudstones interbedded with boundstones deposited in an inner carbonate platform paleoenvironment. The exceptional size of the studied S. sinuosus could have been associated to the producer’s size, which may be attributed to construction by large crustaceans, similar to fossils found within the Pirabas Formation. Also, the sinusoidal morphology and retrusive spreiten could be a result of the fodinichnial/domichnial behavior.
{"title":"The crustaceans burrow Sinusichnus sinuosus from the Oligocene-Miocene carbonate deposits of eastern Amazonia","authors":"J. L. Soares, H. P. Santos, A. Brito, A. A. E. Nogueira, A. Nogueira, K. Amorim","doi":"10.1080/10420940.2019.1697256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940.2019.1697256","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sinusichnus Gibert 1996 is recorded for the first time in the Oligocene-Miocene Pirabas Formation of Northern Brazil. In these Oligocene-Miocene carbonate deposits, Sinusichnus sinuosus is characterized by horizontal, highly regular sinusoidal burrow systems with T- and H-shaped branching points. The main difference between the S. sinuosus described herein and other occurrences worldwide is the anomalous diameter of the burrows (4 to 10 cm). These trace fossils occur in organic matter-rich, wackestone/packstone and laminated mudstones interbedded with boundstones deposited in an inner carbonate platform paleoenvironment. The exceptional size of the studied S. sinuosus could have been associated to the producer’s size, which may be attributed to construction by large crustaceans, similar to fossils found within the Pirabas Formation. Also, the sinusoidal morphology and retrusive spreiten could be a result of the fodinichnial/domichnial behavior.","PeriodicalId":51057,"journal":{"name":"Ichnos-An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces","volume":"71 1","pages":"106 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90729455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/10420940.2019.1697257
Harry M. Maisch, Martin A Becker, J. Chamberlain
Abstract The shallow continental shelf in the Cape Fear Region of southwestern Onslow Bay, North Carolina, contains lag deposits with an abundance of megatoothed shark teeth belonging to Otodus megalodon (Agassiz 1835) and Otodus chubutensis (Ameghino 1906) that derive from the Pliocene Yorktown and Miocene Pungo River formations, respectively. These teeth exhibit different frequencies and orientations of macroborings identified as Gastrochaenolites torpedo Kelly and Bromley (1984), Gastrochaenolites lapidicus Kelly and Bromley (1984), Maeandropolydora sulcans Voigt (1965) and ?Entobia isp. attributed to endolithic bivalves, serpulid worms and clionaid sponges. Different frequencies and orientations of macroborings seen in lag deposits containing O. megalodon and O. chubutensis teeth are the result of repeated exhumation and reworking in response to bathymetrically controlled wave-based erosion during storm events and glacioeustatically driven sea-level cyclicity across Onslow Bay. Chronological ranges of O. megalodon and O. chubutensis teeth that contain macroborings indicate that these lag deposits may have been forming since the late early Miocene.
北卡罗莱纳Onslow湾西南部的Cape Fear地区浅层大陆架含有大量巨齿鲨(Otodus megalodon, Agassiz 1835)和巨齿鲨(Otodus chubutensis, Ameghino 1906)的巨齿鲨牙齿，它们分别来自上新世的Yorktown和中新世的Pungo河地层。这些牙齿显示出不同频率和方向的大钻孔，鉴定为Gastrochaenolites torpedo Kelly and Bromley (1984)， Gastrochaenolites lapidicus Kelly and Bromley (1984)， Maeandropolydora sulcans Voigt(1965)和Entobia isp。归于内生双壳类、蛇形蠕虫和克隆海绵。在含有巨齿鲨和chubutensis牙齿的沉积层中发现的不同频率和方向的大钻孔，是在风暴事件和冰流驱动的昂斯洛湾海平面旋回过程中反复挖掘和重新加工的结果。巨齿鲨和chubutensis牙齿包含大钻孔的年代范围表明这些滞后沉积物可能在中新世晚期早期形成。
{"title":"Macroborings in Otodus megalodon and Otodus chubutensis shark teeth from the submerged shelf of Onslow Bay, North Carolina, USA: implications for processes of lag deposit formation","authors":"Harry M. Maisch, Martin A Becker, J. Chamberlain","doi":"10.1080/10420940.2019.1697257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940.2019.1697257","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The shallow continental shelf in the Cape Fear Region of southwestern Onslow Bay, North Carolina, contains lag deposits with an abundance of megatoothed shark teeth belonging to Otodus megalodon (Agassiz 1835) and Otodus chubutensis (Ameghino 1906) that derive from the Pliocene Yorktown and Miocene Pungo River formations, respectively. These teeth exhibit different frequencies and orientations of macroborings identified as Gastrochaenolites torpedo Kelly and Bromley (1984), Gastrochaenolites lapidicus Kelly and Bromley (1984), Maeandropolydora sulcans Voigt (1965) and ?Entobia isp. attributed to endolithic bivalves, serpulid worms and clionaid sponges. Different frequencies and orientations of macroborings seen in lag deposits containing O. megalodon and O. chubutensis teeth are the result of repeated exhumation and reworking in response to bathymetrically controlled wave-based erosion during storm events and glacioeustatically driven sea-level cyclicity across Onslow Bay. Chronological ranges of O. megalodon and O. chubutensis teeth that contain macroborings indicate that these lag deposits may have been forming since the late early Miocene.","PeriodicalId":51057,"journal":{"name":"Ichnos-An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces","volume":"30 1","pages":"122 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89595742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/10420940.2019.1688801
F. Rodríguez-Tovar, O. Miguez-Salas, F. Hernández‐Molina, H. Hüneke
Abstract Ichnological analysis at the Pakhna Formation (Miocene, Cyprus) reveals, for the first time, the presence of graphoglyptid structures. The Pakhna Formation is dominated by pelagic/hemipelagic sediments, together with contourite, reworked turbidite and turbidite facies. Thus, a complex interaction between pelagic, bottom-current and gravitational sedimentation is envisaged. The discernment of facies is sometimes difficult, based principally on stratigraphic and microfacies features. The record of Helminthorhaphe as a component of the graphoglytid group supports the presence of turbidites, facilitating their differentiation from the other facies. Nereites ichnofacies, punctuating a dominant/background Zoophycos ichnofacies, would reflect changes in paleoenvironmental conditions. This record offers significant perspectives to advance in the study of bottom-current and gravitational processes through outcrop examples.
{"title":"First Record of Graphoglyptids in Cyprus: Indicative Presence of Turbidite Deposits at the Pakhna Formation","authors":"F. Rodríguez-Tovar, O. Miguez-Salas, F. Hernández‐Molina, H. Hüneke","doi":"10.1080/10420940.2019.1688801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940.2019.1688801","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ichnological analysis at the Pakhna Formation (Miocene, Cyprus) reveals, for the first time, the presence of graphoglyptid structures. The Pakhna Formation is dominated by pelagic/hemipelagic sediments, together with contourite, reworked turbidite and turbidite facies. Thus, a complex interaction between pelagic, bottom-current and gravitational sedimentation is envisaged. The discernment of facies is sometimes difficult, based principally on stratigraphic and microfacies features. The record of Helminthorhaphe as a component of the graphoglytid group supports the presence of turbidites, facilitating their differentiation from the other facies. Nereites ichnofacies, punctuating a dominant/background Zoophycos ichnofacies, would reflect changes in paleoenvironmental conditions. This record offers significant perspectives to advance in the study of bottom-current and gravitational processes through outcrop examples.","PeriodicalId":51057,"journal":{"name":"Ichnos-An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces","volume":"17 1","pages":"237 - 243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74250627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1080/10420940.2020.1744584
Zain Belaústegui, F. Muñiz, R. Domènech, J. Martinell
Abstract The ichnospecies Gastrochaneolites dijugus Kelly and Bromley 1984 and Teredolites longissimus Kelly and Bromley 1984, attributed to the boring activity of gastrochaenoid and pholadid bivalves, are described respectively from the Miocene Vilanova Basin and the Pliocene Almería-Níjar Basin. Miocene and Pliocene traces are preserved as positive casts associated to invertebrate shells and wood fragments, respectively; in both cases, the host substrate (shells and wood) has been lost almost entirely by different taphonomic processes (mainly dissolution). For the first time in the fossil record, the complete ichnogenetic sequence of these two ichnospecies is described and figured.
摘要描述了中新世Vilanova盆地和上新世Almería-Níjar盆地中新世gastrochaeolites dijugus Kelly and Bromley 1984和Teredolites longissimus Kelly and Bromley 1984两种鱼种，这两种鱼种分别归因于gastrochaenoid和pholadid双壳类的钻孔活动。中新世和上新世的痕迹分别被保存为与无脊椎动物贝壳和木头碎片相关的正面铸型;在这两种情况下，宿主基质(贝壳和木材)几乎完全通过不同的埋藏过程(主要是溶解)丢失。在化石记录中，首次对这两种鱼的完整的鱼成序列进行了描述和描绘。
{"title":"Ichnogeny and bivalve bioerosion: examples from shell and wood substrates","authors":"Zain Belaústegui, F. Muñiz, R. Domènech, J. Martinell","doi":"10.1080/10420940.2020.1744584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940.2020.1744584","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The ichnospecies Gastrochaneolites dijugus Kelly and Bromley 1984 and Teredolites longissimus Kelly and Bromley 1984, attributed to the boring activity of gastrochaenoid and pholadid bivalves, are described respectively from the Miocene Vilanova Basin and the Pliocene Almería-Níjar Basin. Miocene and Pliocene traces are preserved as positive casts associated to invertebrate shells and wood fragments, respectively; in both cases, the host substrate (shells and wood) has been lost almost entirely by different taphonomic processes (mainly dissolution). For the first time in the fossil record, the complete ichnogenetic sequence of these two ichnospecies is described and figured.","PeriodicalId":51057,"journal":{"name":"Ichnos-An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces","volume":"23 1","pages":"277 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87026291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.1080/10420940.2020.1744588
J. M. Erickson
Abstract The ichnofossil Sanctum laurentiensis from the Late Ordovician (Cincinnatian) of Laurentia is a domichnium tunneled into live colonies of ramose and frondose trepostome Bryozoa. A preferred entrance location was chosen by the trace-making endoskeletozoan. The organism chose to tunnel in positions near growing tips of branches where one of two conditions prevailed. At stereotypical sites, here considered “determinate”, domicile entrances were made where a trepostome branch was in the growth process of bifurcation; sites considered “indeterminate” were chosen where one blade or branch was impinging on another, or on some other nearby substrate, thus interfering with normal colony growth in a random, or non-ontogenetic, manner. This stereotypy is a rare example of demonstrable entrance-siting behavior by an unknown invertebrate organism. A skeleto-structural condition was present at both determinate and indeterminate locations on ramose trepostome colonies. Stereotypical entrance-site choices included a location where bryozoan freewall membrane was compromised or thinned and exozone was incompletely developed. Sanctum producers preferred incomplete exozone in order to access the endozone for excavation to form a domichnium. Middle and Late Ordovician diversification of ramose bryozoan forms stimulated escalation of bioeroder and symbiont taxa in living zoaria thus encouraging further trepostome evolution.
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