Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3627577
Lei Li;Yuan Zhou;Zhi Xin Zhao
This letter proposes a hybrid grey wolf optimization-artificial neural network (GWO-ANN) method for designing filtering patch antennas with high out-of-band suppression and in-band gain flatness. Data preprocessing addresses convergence challenges caused by input (antenna geometric parameters) /output (electromagnetic responses) discrepancies. Subsequently, the GWO fitness function integrates penalty and weighting terms to coordinate exploration-exploitation tradeoffs, achieving comprehensive optimization of in-band gain flatness, impedance matching, and filtering characteristics. Progressive augmentation of high-quality training samples and dynamic ANN updates match the diverse accuracy requirements for predicting antenna structures across different GWO optimization stages. Measurements of the fabricated antenna show a 12.0% −10 dB impedance bandwidth, 9.31 dBi peak gain (<2>20.76 dB out-of-band suppression. The good agreement between simulation and measurement results demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid method, highlighting its potential to address the gaps in ANN-assisted high-performance filtering antenna design.
{"title":"A Hybrid Approach of ANN and Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm for the Design of Filtering Patch Antenna With In-Band Gain Flatness","authors":"Lei Li;Yuan Zhou;Zhi Xin Zhao","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3627577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3627577","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes a hybrid grey wolf optimization-artificial neural network (GWO-ANN) method for designing filtering patch antennas with high out-of-band suppression and in-band gain flatness. Data preprocessing addresses convergence challenges caused by input (antenna geometric parameters) /output (electromagnetic responses) discrepancies. Subsequently, the GWO fitness function integrates penalty and weighting terms to coordinate exploration-exploitation tradeoffs, achieving comprehensive optimization of in-band gain flatness, impedance matching, and filtering characteristics. Progressive augmentation of high-quality training samples and dynamic ANN updates match the diverse accuracy requirements for predicting antenna structures across different GWO optimization stages. Measurements of the fabricated antenna show a 12.0% −10 dB impedance bandwidth, 9.31 dBi peak gain (<2>20.76 dB out-of-band suppression. The good agreement between simulation and measurement results demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid method, highlighting its potential to address the gaps in ANN-assisted high-performance filtering antenna design.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"25 1","pages":"379-383"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3627518
Tingting Chen;Lizhong Song;Min Zhang
This letter presents a dual-polarized (DP) reconfigurable hybrid metasurface that combines an active reflective surface with a bandpass frequency selective surface. The proposed structure achieves a high-transmission window within the Ku band (15.4 GHz to 16 GHz) with insertion loss better than –1 dB, while simultaneously providing broadband radar cross section reduction (RCSR) in the X band. A 1-bit phase tuning is realized by switching the p-i-n diode states on the active surface, enabling DP 2-D beam scanning over a range of $pm$60$^{circ }$. Furthermore, the metasurface demonstrates robust low-frequency (X-band) RCSR and high-frequency (Ku-band) transmission performance when conformally mounted on highly curved cylindrical substrates, highlighting its potential for practical conformal antenna applications.
{"title":"A Multifunctional Dual-Polarized Reconfigurable Metasurface With Tunable RCS Reduction and a Transmission Window for Conformal Platform Applications","authors":"Tingting Chen;Lizhong Song;Min Zhang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3627518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3627518","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a dual-polarized (DP) reconfigurable hybrid metasurface that combines an active reflective surface with a bandpass frequency selective surface. The proposed structure achieves a high-transmission window within the Ku band (15.4 GHz to 16 GHz) with insertion loss better than –1 dB, while simultaneously providing broadband radar cross section reduction (RCSR) in the X band. A 1-bit phase tuning is realized by switching the p-i-n diode states on the active surface, enabling DP 2-D beam scanning over a range of <inline-formula><tex-math>$pm$</tex-math></inline-formula>60<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Furthermore, the metasurface demonstrates robust low-frequency (X-band) RCSR and high-frequency (Ku-band) transmission performance when conformally mounted on highly curved cylindrical substrates, highlighting its potential for practical conformal antenna applications.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"25 1","pages":"374-378"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3617445
Jiaxin Li;Huiming Yao;Bo Li;Baiying Taishi;Yiyuan Hao;Jianchun Xu;Ke Bi
Position estimation plays a pivotal role in indoor sensing and localization systems. However, conventional received signal strength (RSS)-based positioning methods exhibit significant limitations in both multipath interference suppression and environmental adaptability. A programmable metasurface antenna-assisted indoor 2-D positioning method integrating dynamic angle perception and a path loss model modification is proposed. This method establishes a polar coordinate system centered on the metasurface antenna, enabling simultaneous determination of the angular position and radial distance of the human in the horizontal plane. The angular detection range is from +30° to –30° with a resolution of 15°, while the radial detection range is from 0.4 m to 1.2 m. Our scheme adopts rapid metasurface beam scanning and environmental difference calculation to achieve robust angle estimation. Simultaneously, distance measurement accuracy is substantially improved by incorporating distance-dependent polynomial correction terms into the path loss model. The cumulative density function shows 80% distance estimation error for indoor environment is lower than 0.13 m in experimental validation. Compared with the traditional RSS positioning method, the proposed method has significant advantages in multipath interference suppression, environmental adaptability, response speed, algorithm complexity and deployment convenience. It has important application value in medical monitoring and robot positioning.
位置估计在室内传感和定位系统中起着至关重要的作用。然而，传统的基于接收信号强度（RSS）的定位方法在抑制多径干扰和环境适应性方面都存在明显的局限性。提出了一种集成动态角度感知和路径损耗模型修正的可编程超表面天线辅助室内二维定位方法。该方法建立了以超表面天线为中心的极坐标系，可以同时确定人体在水平面上的角位置和径向距离。角探测范围为+30°~ -30°，分辨率为15°，径向探测范围为0.4 m ~ 1.2 m。该方案采用快速超表面波束扫描和环境差计算来实现鲁棒角度估计。同时，通过在路径损耗模型中加入与距离相关的多项式校正项，距离测量精度大大提高。在实验验证中，累积密度函数表明室内环境80%的距离估计误差小于0.13 m。与传统的RSS定位方法相比，该方法在多径干扰抑制、环境适应性、响应速度、算法复杂度和部署便捷性等方面具有显著优势。在医疗监护和机器人定位等方面具有重要的应用价值。
{"title":"Programmable Metasurface Antenna Assisted Indoor 2-D Positioning Using Dynamical Coding","authors":"Jiaxin Li;Huiming Yao;Bo Li;Baiying Taishi;Yiyuan Hao;Jianchun Xu;Ke Bi","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3617445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3617445","url":null,"abstract":"Position estimation plays a pivotal role in indoor sensing and localization systems. However, conventional received signal strength (RSS)-based positioning methods exhibit significant limitations in both multipath interference suppression and environmental adaptability. A programmable metasurface antenna-assisted indoor 2-D positioning method integrating dynamic angle perception and a path loss model modification is proposed. This method establishes a polar coordinate system centered on the metasurface antenna, enabling simultaneous determination of the angular position and radial distance of the human in the horizontal plane. The angular detection range is from +30° to –30° with a resolution of 15°, while the radial detection range is from 0.4 m to 1.2 m. Our scheme adopts rapid metasurface beam scanning and environmental difference calculation to achieve robust angle estimation. Simultaneously, distance measurement accuracy is substantially improved by incorporating distance-dependent polynomial correction terms into the path loss model. The cumulative density function shows 80% distance estimation error for indoor environment is lower than 0.13 m in experimental validation. Compared with the traditional RSS positioning method, the proposed method has significant advantages in multipath interference suppression, environmental adaptability, response speed, algorithm complexity and deployment convenience. It has important application value in medical monitoring and robot positioning.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 12","pages":"4960-4964"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-07DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3592927
Jamal Kazazi;Mahmoud Kamarei
An innovative method for designing a quasi-uniform leaky-wave antenna with transversely arranged periodic slots with varying length is presented in (Kiani et al., 2019). Although this design approach significantly reduces the sidelobe level, mathematical modeling errors appear to be present. These errors are corrected in this manuscript without compromising the generality of the method. Additionally, the accuracy of the modeling is determined by simulating an antenna with a single transverse slot and examining the relationship between its radiated power and the slot length. Finally, the validity of the simulation results in (Kiani et al., 2019) is critically evaluated.
本文（Kiani et al., 2019）提出了一种设计具有变长度横向排列周期槽的准均匀漏波天线的创新方法。虽然这种设计方法显著降低了旁瓣电平，但数学建模错误仍然存在。这些错误在本文中得到纠正，但不影响方法的通用性。此外，通过模拟具有单个横向槽的天线，并检查其辐射功率与槽长度之间的关系，确定了建模的准确性。最后，对（Kiani et al., 2019）中模拟结果的有效性进行了批判性评估。
{"title":"Comments on “A Presentation of a Mathematical Formula to Design of a Quasi-Uniform Leaky-Wave Antenna With Ultralow Sidelobe Level”","authors":"Jamal Kazazi;Mahmoud Kamarei","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3592927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3592927","url":null,"abstract":"An innovative method for designing a quasi-uniform leaky-wave antenna with transversely arranged periodic slots with varying length is presented in (Kiani et al., 2019). Although this design approach significantly reduces the sidelobe level, mathematical modeling errors appear to be present. These errors are corrected in this manuscript without compromising the generality of the method. Additionally, the accuracy of the modeling is determined by simulating an antenna with a single transverse slot and examining the relationship between its radiated power and the slot length. Finally, the validity of the simulation results in (Kiani et al., 2019) is critically evaluated.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 10","pages":"3829-3831"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145236669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-07DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3618717
Yunfei Cao;Junqi Wang;Quan Xue
For most phased arrays, scanning angle and boresight gain are mutually restricted. To overcome this bottleneck, this letter presents a novel element-level beamforming method of simultaneously achieving high gain and a wide scanning angle of the phased array. Each antenna element of the array has a rectangular patch with two parasitic patches (Patch A) and a stacked patch (Patch B). For each element, multimode radiation patterns are excited and synthesized. Patch A generates broadside radiation in TM03 mode. Patch B excites a conical radiation pattern in TM20 mode. When synthesizing the broadside and conical radiation patterns with different phases, the antenna’s main beam can be steered to different directions with high gain. A millimeter-wave phased array based on the beam steerability of proposed antenna elements is designed. Compared with previously reported planar phased arrays, the proposed array has a higher peak gain by over 3 dB (reaching 17.9 dBi) and a larger scanning angle of ±70° in 26.5 GHz to 29.5 GHz. The array still maintains high gain at the maximum scanning angle.
{"title":"Wide-Angle and High-Gain Millimeter-Wave Phased Array Based on Beam-Steerable Patch Elements Synthesizing TM03 and TM20 Modes","authors":"Yunfei Cao;Junqi Wang;Quan Xue","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3618717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3618717","url":null,"abstract":"For most phased arrays, scanning angle and boresight gain are mutually restricted. To overcome this bottleneck, this letter presents a novel element-level beamforming method of simultaneously achieving high gain and a wide scanning angle of the phased array. Each antenna element of the array has a rectangular patch with two parasitic patches (Patch A) and a stacked patch (Patch B). For each element, multimode radiation patterns are excited and synthesized. Patch A generates broadside radiation in TM<sub>03</sub> mode. Patch B excites a conical radiation pattern in TM<sub>20</sub> mode. When synthesizing the broadside and conical radiation patterns with different phases, the antenna’s main beam can be steered to different directions with high gain. A millimeter-wave phased array based on the beam steerability of proposed antenna elements is designed. Compared with previously reported planar phased arrays, the proposed array has a higher peak gain by over 3 dB (reaching 17.9 dBi) and a larger scanning angle of ±70° in 26.5 GHz to 29.5 GHz. The array still maintains high gain at the maximum scanning angle.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 12","pages":"4980-4984"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-06DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3618173
Fei Guo;Tian Liu;Bingbing Song;Wu Yang;Weibing Lu
Periodic characteristic mode (CM) analysis has proven to be an efficient method for analyzing large-scale finite periodic structures (LFPSs). However, its CMs are obtained solely from the reference cell; the solution process neglects the coupling effects among cells. To address this issue, this letter proposes an accurate method for analyzing the scattering properties of LFPSs. On one hand, by introducing dummy cells, the computation of CMs incorporates the coupling effects of surrounding cells, thereby improving accuracy. On the other hand, the compressive sensing technique is utilized to partially fill the impedance matrix to rapidly construct an overdetermined equation instead of a reduced matrix equation. Numerical examples are given to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
{"title":"Efficient Analysis of Electromagnetic Scattering in Large-Scale Finite Periodic Structures Using Characteristic Modes","authors":"Fei Guo;Tian Liu;Bingbing Song;Wu Yang;Weibing Lu","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3618173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3618173","url":null,"abstract":"Periodic characteristic mode (CM) analysis has proven to be an efficient method for analyzing large-scale finite periodic structures (LFPSs). However, its CMs are obtained solely from the reference cell; the solution process neglects the coupling effects among cells. To address this issue, this letter proposes an accurate method for analyzing the scattering properties of LFPSs. On one hand, by introducing dummy cells, the computation of CMs incorporates the coupling effects of surrounding cells, thereby improving accuracy. On the other hand, the compressive sensing technique is utilized to partially fill the impedance matrix to rapidly construct an overdetermined equation instead of a reduced matrix equation. Numerical examples are given to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 12","pages":"4970-4974"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This letter proposes a method for rapid analysis of the scattering characteristics of large-scale arrays based on the regional decomposition strategy. To achieve array analysis, traditional infinitesimal dipole model methods use equivalent elements to characterize the mutual coupling effects between array elements. However, when the array is large, solving the mutual coupling matrix is often limited by hardware resources. This method utilizes the elements’ electromagnetic periodicity and the diffracted waves’ matching conditions, and derives the maximum subarray size based on the Floquet periodicity theorem. Treating the subarray as a new array element and reconstructing the mutual coupling matrix enable rapid array analysis within limited computing resources and are more suitable for scattering analysis of large-scale arrays. Numerical examples and comparisons with the literature verify the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed method.
{"title":"Large-Scale Array Scattering Analysis Method Based on Region Decomposition Strategy","authors":"Shaofan Lian;Wei Wang;Shunxi Lou;Peng Li;Wanye Xu;Wenwu Zhang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3616373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3616373","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes a method for rapid analysis of the scattering characteristics of large-scale arrays based on the regional decomposition strategy. To achieve array analysis, traditional infinitesimal dipole model methods use equivalent elements to characterize the mutual coupling effects between array elements. However, when the array is large, solving the mutual coupling matrix is often limited by hardware resources. This method utilizes the elements’ electromagnetic periodicity and the diffracted waves’ matching conditions, and derives the maximum subarray size based on the Floquet periodicity theorem. Treating the subarray as a new array element and reconstructing the mutual coupling matrix enable rapid array analysis within limited computing resources and are more suitable for scattering analysis of large-scale arrays. Numerical examples and comparisons with the literature verify the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 12","pages":"4945-4949"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145765634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-06DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3615963
Lu Gan;He Huang;Xiaoming Liu;Shuo Yu;Xiaojun Jing;Yuanhao Cui
A low-profile flexible tri-band antenna deployed on autonomous aerial vehicles (AAVs) for both communication and navigation uses is presented. The patch antenna is designed on a 0.1 mm thick flexible polyimide substrate, conforming to the surface of an AAV. In addition, polyimide substrates bear the advantage of low weight. Slot structures are used to create three operating bands. By adding two asymmetrical spiral units, the impedance matching is realized in the ranges of 1.53 GHz to 1.61 GHz, 2.37 GHz to 2.50 GHz, and 5.13 GHz to 6.50 GHz. These bands are allocated by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China for AAV communication and navigation bands. Moreover, the spiral units enable circular polarization from 1.53 GHz to 1.61 GHz. Its 3 dB axial ratio spans 1.564 GHz to 1.584 GHz. The antenna measures 50 mm × 60 mm × 0.1 mm, showing a satisfactorily low profile. The antenna has been mounted on different curved surfaces. It is observed that though the working frequencies undergo slight shift, they remain within the allocated bands, demonstrating good flexibility. Its nature of low profile, flexibility, lightweight, and multiband design envisages potential application for AAVs.
{"title":"A Low-Profile Flexible Tri-Band Antenna for Both Communication and Navigation Uses on AAVs","authors":"Lu Gan;He Huang;Xiaoming Liu;Shuo Yu;Xiaojun Jing;Yuanhao Cui","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3615963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3615963","url":null,"abstract":"A low-profile flexible tri-band antenna deployed on autonomous aerial vehicles (AAVs) for both communication and navigation uses is presented. The patch antenna is designed on a 0.1 mm thick flexible polyimide substrate, conforming to the surface of an AAV. In addition, polyimide substrates bear the advantage of low weight. Slot structures are used to create three operating bands. By adding two asymmetrical spiral units, the impedance matching is realized in the ranges of 1.53 GHz to 1.61 GHz, 2.37 GHz to 2.50 GHz, and 5.13 GHz to 6.50 GHz. These bands are allocated by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China for AAV communication and navigation bands. Moreover, the spiral units enable circular polarization from 1.53 GHz to 1.61 GHz. Its 3 dB axial ratio spans 1.564 GHz to 1.584 GHz. The antenna measures 50 mm × 60 mm × 0.1 mm, showing a satisfactorily low profile. The antenna has been mounted on different curved surfaces. It is observed that though the working frequencies undergo slight shift, they remain within the allocated bands, demonstrating good flexibility. Its nature of low profile, flexibility, lightweight, and multiband design envisages potential application for AAVs.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 12","pages":"4920-4924"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This letter proposes a high-accuracy dynamically stacked residual long short-term memory (DSR-LSTM)-based modeling approach for radio wave propagation in long-distance tunnels. The proposed architecture utilizes simulated electric field distribution from the initial segment of the tunnel to learn the spatial evolution patterns of signal strength along the propagation path, thereby enabling accurate prediction of channel characteristics in subsequent tunnel sections. By introducing dynamic skip connections and residual learning, the model effectively captures long-term dependencies and enhances prediction stability. The proposed DSR-LSTM model demonstrates high prediction accuracy across diverse tunnel geometries. Validation against both numerical simulation results and field measurements in actual tunnel environments confirms its accuracy and practical applicability.
{"title":"A High-Accuracy Dynamically Stacked Residual LSTM-Based Radio Wave Propagation Model for Long-Distance Tunnels","authors":"Qiuyun Zhang;Baowen Zhang;Yunxi Mu;Hao Qin;Xinyue Zhang;Xingqi Zhang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3616800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3616800","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes a high-accuracy dynamically stacked residual long short-term memory (DSR-LSTM)-based modeling approach for radio wave propagation in long-distance tunnels. The proposed architecture utilizes simulated electric field distribution from the initial segment of the tunnel to learn the spatial evolution patterns of signal strength along the propagation path, thereby enabling accurate prediction of channel characteristics in subsequent tunnel sections. By introducing dynamic skip connections and residual learning, the model effectively captures long-term dependencies and enhances prediction stability. The proposed DSR-LSTM model demonstrates high prediction accuracy across diverse tunnel geometries. Validation against both numerical simulation results and field measurements in actual tunnel environments confirms its accuracy and practical applicability.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 12","pages":"4950-4954"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A terahertz leaky-wave meta-antenna with high gain and high efficiency fed by a parabolic reflector is proposed. The input waves through a rectangular waveguide port propagate in the parallel-plate metallic waveguide as a divergent TE10 mode and are then collimated by a parabolic reflector. Consequently, the beamwidth significantly increases, resulting in a line-like source. A meta-slit array is arranged behind the parabolic reflector to convert the TE10 guided waves into free-space waves and simultaneously control the phase distribution on the radiation surface. At the frequency of 0.14 THz, the antenna, comprising only 20 meta-slits, demonstrates a high gain of 33.2 dBi and a high radiation efficiency of 90.1%. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement. The proposed high-gain and high-radiation-efficiency terahertz leaky-wave meta-antenna without a complex feeding network has great potential in sixth-generation mobile communication systems, radar detection, and security screening.
{"title":"A High-Gain Terahertz Leaky-Wave Meta-Antenna Based on Parabolic Reflector Feeding","authors":"Yuanzhi Liu;Wei Chen;Junkun Huang;Min Zhang;Hong Su;Huawei Liang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3618283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3618283","url":null,"abstract":"A terahertz leaky-wave meta-antenna with high gain and high efficiency fed by a parabolic reflector is proposed. The input waves through a rectangular waveguide port propagate in the parallel-plate metallic waveguide as a divergent TE<sub>10</sub> mode and are then collimated by a parabolic reflector. Consequently, the beamwidth significantly increases, resulting in a line-like source. A meta-slit array is arranged behind the parabolic reflector to convert the TE<sub>10</sub> guided waves into free-space waves and simultaneously control the phase distribution on the radiation surface. At the frequency of 0.14 THz, the antenna, comprising only 20 meta-slits, demonstrates a high gain of 33.2 dBi and a high radiation efficiency of 90.1%. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement. The proposed high-gain and high-radiation-efficiency terahertz leaky-wave meta-antenna without a complex feeding network has great potential in sixth-generation mobile communication systems, radar detection, and security screening.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 12","pages":"4975-4979"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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