Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3640854
Zhenxin Hu;Zhijian Wen;Rui Zhang;Zhuozhu Chen;Bo Wang
A wideband circularly polarized (CP) log-periodic antenna with high gain and a compact size is proposed in this letter. First, a cascaded electric and magnetic dipole (EM-dipole) element is investigated, which is composed of multiple series-connected λ/2 straight conductors as electric dipoles and λ/2 0.75-turn helical loops as magnetic dipoles. The use of 0.75-turn loop supports a much flatter input impedance and a directional CP radiation with higher gain when comparing to conventional design using 1-turn loop with omnidirectional radiation. Second, based on the modified EM-dipole element, a log-periodic array with only 5 elements is further developed to achieve wideband CP with a compact size. Measured results of the fabricated array show that an overlapped axial ratio (AR) and matching bandwidth of 68.8% (1.64 GHz to 3.36 GHz) and a maximum realized gain of 10.5 dBic are obtained. The proposed antenna has the ability to expand its bandwidth and is potentially useful for many wireless communication systems such as target detection.
{"title":"A Compact Wideband High-Gain Circularly Polarized Log-Periodic Antenna Employing Modified Cascaded EM-Dipole","authors":"Zhenxin Hu;Zhijian Wen;Rui Zhang;Zhuozhu Chen;Bo Wang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3640854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3640854","url":null,"abstract":"A wideband circularly polarized (CP) log-periodic antenna with high gain and a compact size is proposed in this letter. First, a cascaded electric and magnetic dipole (EM-dipole) element is investigated, which is composed of multiple series-connected λ/2 straight conductors as electric dipoles and λ/2 0.75-turn helical loops as magnetic dipoles. The use of 0.75-turn loop supports a much flatter input impedance and a directional CP radiation with higher gain when comparing to conventional design using 1-turn loop with omnidirectional radiation. Second, based on the modified EM-dipole element, a log-periodic array with only 5 elements is further developed to achieve wideband CP with a compact size. Measured results of the fabricated array show that an overlapped axial ratio (AR) and matching bandwidth of 68.8% (1.64 GHz to 3.36 GHz) and a maximum realized gain of 10.5 dBic are obtained. The proposed antenna has the ability to expand its bandwidth and is potentially useful for many wireless communication systems such as target detection.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"25 2","pages":"841-845"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3630604
Yu-Ling Lin;Yen-Sheng Chen
Dual polarization, reduced focal length, and beam-switching capability are essential for transmitarray antennas in space-limited, polarization-diverse communication systems. Although prior designs addressed these features individually, none have simultaneously realized all three in a single transmitarray. This work proposes a dual-polarized, beam-switching transmitarray employing a folded geometry to reduce the focal length to one-third of conventional structures. The compact profile is achieved by incorporating a phase compensation surface (PCS) composed of polarization-independent reflective unit cells. Each cell provides discrete reflection phases, equalizing the folded and direct ray paths for both polarizations. A 14 × 14 aperture is illuminated by three dual-polarized patch antennas aligned along the y-axis and fed via microstrip lines, enabling ±30° beam steering through port switching and reducing feed blockage. The measured aperture efficiencies are 24.7% in fixed-beam mode and 17.3% in beam-switching mode, with a gain reduction below 1.5 dB compared to full-profile designs, comparable to previously reported single-polarized systems. This design is applicable to high-frequency communication terminals facing constraints in size, polarization diversity, and dynamic beam coverage.
{"title":"Dual-Polarized Transmitarray Antenna With Reduced Focal Length and Beam-Switching Capability","authors":"Yu-Ling Lin;Yen-Sheng Chen","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3630604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3630604","url":null,"abstract":"Dual polarization, reduced focal length, and beam-switching capability are essential for transmitarray antennas in space-limited, polarization-diverse communication systems. Although prior designs addressed these features individually, none have simultaneously realized all three in a single transmitarray. This work proposes a dual-polarized, beam-switching transmitarray employing a folded geometry to reduce the focal length to one-third of conventional structures. The compact profile is achieved by incorporating a phase compensation surface (PCS) composed of polarization-independent reflective unit cells. Each cell provides discrete reflection phases, equalizing the folded and direct ray paths for both polarizations. A 14 × 14 aperture is illuminated by three dual-polarized patch antennas aligned along the <italic>y</i>-axis and fed via microstrip lines, enabling ±30° beam steering through port switching and reducing feed blockage. The measured aperture efficiencies are 24.7% in fixed-beam mode and 17.3% in beam-switching mode, with a gain reduction below 1.5 dB compared to full-profile designs, comparable to previously reported single-polarized systems. This design is applicable to high-frequency communication terminals facing constraints in size, polarization diversity, and dynamic beam coverage.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"25 1","pages":"468-472"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3630134
Gun-Woo Park;Jeong-Hae Lee
In this letter, a metasurface-based high-aperture-efficiency transmitarray antenna (TA) is proposed. To improve the feeding efficiency, a rectangular waveguide cavity-backed slot array was adapted for the feed. Eight coupling slots (CSs) corresponding to the unit cell (2 × 4) were added to a cavity operating in TE120 mode to improve efficiency and suppress grating lobes. The slot spacing was compactly designed to be 0.48λ0 and 0.4λ0 in the x-axis and y-axis directions, respectively, resulting in a 2 × 4 slot subarray structure. By varying the coupling height between the CSs corresponding to the unit cell and the metasurface (MS), the optimum height was found to be 0.13λ0, within the range of the reactive near-field region. To verify the beamforming performance of the proposed antenna, five types of MSs were designed to operate at beamforming angles θ of −40°, −20°, 0°, 20°, and 40°. The simulated and measured aperture efficiencies for a broadside beam were observed to be 78.2% and 59.3% at 10 GHz and 9.92 GHz, respectively. To our knowledge, the presented 8 × 8 TA achieved the highest simulated aperture efficiency. The measured results confirm that the proposed TA has high aperture efficiency and good beamforming characteristics.
{"title":"High-Efficiency Metasurface Transmitarray Antenna Fed by Waveguide Cavity-Backed Slot Array","authors":"Gun-Woo Park;Jeong-Hae Lee","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3630134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3630134","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a metasurface-based high-aperture-efficiency transmitarray antenna (TA) is proposed. To improve the feeding efficiency, a rectangular waveguide cavity-backed slot array was adapted for the feed. Eight coupling slots (CSs) corresponding to the unit cell (2 × 4) were added to a cavity operating in TE<sub>120</sub> mode to improve efficiency and suppress grating lobes. The slot spacing was compactly designed to be 0.48λ<sub>0</sub> and 0.4λ<sub>0</sub> in the <italic>x</i>-axis and <italic>y</i>-axis directions, respectively, resulting in a 2 × 4 slot subarray structure. By varying the coupling height between the CSs corresponding to the unit cell and the metasurface (MS), the optimum height was found to be 0.13λ<sub>0</sub>, within the range of the reactive near-field region. To verify the beamforming performance of the proposed antenna, five types of MSs were designed to operate at beamforming angles <italic>θ</i> of −40°, −20°, 0°, 20°, and 40°. The simulated and measured aperture efficiencies for a broadside beam were observed to be 78.2% and 59.3% at 10 GHz and 9.92 GHz, respectively. To our knowledge, the presented 8 × 8 TA achieved the highest simulated aperture efficiency. The measured results confirm that the proposed TA has high aperture efficiency and good beamforming characteristics.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"25 1","pages":"458-462"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3630204
Lian-Wei Zhu;Yu-Hang Yang;Yu- Bo Gao;Yi-Lin Dong;Shi-Gang Zhou
In this letter, a dual-circularly polarized (DCP) antenna with high port isolation and a wide 3 dB axial ratio (AR) coverage is designed for satellite communication applications. Vector projection analysis reveals that the AR degradation of circularly polarized antennas at low elevation angles is primarily attributed to the insufficient vertical polarization components with appropriate phase characteristics. To address this limitation, a metallic cavity structure is introduced to the antenna element to enhance the vertical polarization radiation component. Precise tuning of placed notches further enables phase optimization of these vertical components, achieving high-purity DCP radiation. Finally, the prototype is processed and measured to determine its effectiveness in covering the 1.55 GHz to 1.6 GHz, where port isolation greater than 20 dB and 130° AR beamwidth in the upper hemisphere is achieved.
{"title":"Dual-Circularly Polarized Antenna With ±65 3 dB Axial Ratio Beamwidth in Entire Upper Hemisphere Space","authors":"Lian-Wei Zhu;Yu-Hang Yang;Yu- Bo Gao;Yi-Lin Dong;Shi-Gang Zhou","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3630204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3630204","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a dual-circularly polarized (DCP) antenna with high port isolation and a wide 3 dB axial ratio (AR) coverage is designed for satellite communication applications. Vector projection analysis reveals that the AR degradation of circularly polarized antennas at low elevation angles is primarily attributed to the insufficient vertical polarization components with appropriate phase characteristics. To address this limitation, a metallic cavity structure is introduced to the antenna element to enhance the vertical polarization radiation component. Precise tuning of placed notches further enables phase optimization of these vertical components, achieving high-purity DCP radiation. Finally, the prototype is processed and measured to determine its effectiveness in covering the 1.55 GHz to 1.6 GHz, where port isolation greater than 20 dB and 130° AR beamwidth in the upper hemisphere is achieved.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"25 1","pages":"463-467"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This letter presents an area-weighted conformal finite-difference time-domain (AW-CFDTD) method aimed at improving the accuracy of electromagnetic simulations involving complex material interfaces. Unlike conventional conformal FDTD (CFDTD) techniques, which typically estimate effective material parameters based solely on the fraction of each material along the grid edge, the proposed approach incorporates an additional weighting scheme that accounts for the surface areas associated with the grid edges. Specifically, the effective permittivity and conductivity are computed using the minimum between the material proportion along the grid edge and the corresponding proportion on the adjacent surface area. This dual-weighting strategy leads to a more physically consistent representation of material transitions, thereby enhancing both the numerical accuracy and general applicability of the CFDTD method. To evaluate the proposed AW-CFDTD method, a benchmark simulation of a square dielectric object was conducted and compared with conventional CFDTD, fine-mesh staircase FDTD, and CST. AW-CFDTD showed higher accuracy with lower computational cost than fine-mesh methods, offering an efficient and accurate solution for conformal FDTD modeling, especially in RF and microwave applications with complex material boundaries.
{"title":"Refinement of Effective Constitutive Parameter-Based Conformal FDTD Methods","authors":"Zhonghui Li;Minquan Li;Kaikun Niu;Xianliang Wu;Zhixiang Huang;Guocui Zhu","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3629723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3629723","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents an area-weighted conformal finite-difference time-domain (AW-CFDTD) method aimed at improving the accuracy of electromagnetic simulations involving complex material interfaces. Unlike conventional conformal FDTD (CFDTD) techniques, which typically estimate effective material parameters based solely on the fraction of each material along the grid edge, the proposed approach incorporates an additional weighting scheme that accounts for the surface areas associated with the grid edges. Specifically, the effective permittivity and conductivity are computed using the minimum between the material proportion along the grid edge and the corresponding proportion on the adjacent surface area. This dual-weighting strategy leads to a more physically consistent representation of material transitions, thereby enhancing both the numerical accuracy and general applicability of the CFDTD method. To evaluate the proposed AW-CFDTD method, a benchmark simulation of a square dielectric object was conducted and compared with conventional CFDTD, fine-mesh staircase FDTD, and CST. AW-CFDTD showed higher accuracy with lower computational cost than fine-mesh methods, offering an efficient and accurate solution for conformal FDTD modeling, especially in RF and microwave applications with complex material boundaries.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"25 1","pages":"438-442"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3629738
Jingkai Xue;Fengling Peng;Jiahao Chen;Xing Chen
In this letter, a multifunctional low radar cross section (RCS) quantum metasurface antenna (QMA) array with an impedance bandwidth (BW) spanning 1.73 GHz to 2.52 GHz (37.2%) is proposed. The array features two radiation modes: grouped port operating enables omnidirectional direction-finding, while full-port excitation generates a high-gain circularly polarized beam for communication. By using integrated p-i-n diodes, each cell can be tuned independently to control its scattering phase. The QMA array demonstrates monostatic far-field RCS reduction exceeding 10 dB under normal incidence wave across 3.65 GHz to 5.42 GHz (p-i-n on) and 1.95 GHz to 4.34 GHz (p-i-n off). Further code reconfiguration also effectively provides 11 dB RCS reduction at ±24° oblique incidence. It offers broad BW for both impedance matching and RCS reduction, with a high reduction level. For adaptive stealth, each cell employs a quantum superposition state for its scattering properties. Real-time adjustment of the collapse probability based on direction-finding feedback redirects scattered beams matching incident waves, enhancing concealment against multisource radar threats. The cell electrical size is 0.32λL × 0.32λL × 0.08λL, exhibiting compact and low-profile features. This approach provides a novel paradigm and technical solution for the new type of intelligent electromagnetic stealth system.
{"title":"Design of a Quantum Metasurface Antenna for Intelligent Electromagnetic Stealth System Solution","authors":"Jingkai Xue;Fengling Peng;Jiahao Chen;Xing Chen","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3629738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3629738","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a multifunctional low radar cross section (RCS) quantum metasurface antenna (QMA) array with an impedance bandwidth (BW) spanning 1.73 GHz to 2.52 GHz (37.2%) is proposed. The array features two radiation modes: grouped port operating enables omnidirectional direction-finding, while full-port excitation generates a high-gain circularly polarized beam for communication. By using integrated p-i-n diodes, each cell can be tuned independently to control its scattering phase. The QMA array demonstrates monostatic far-field RCS reduction exceeding 10 dB under normal incidence wave across 3.65 GHz to 5.42 GHz (p-i-n <sc>on</small>) and 1.95 GHz to 4.34 GHz (p-i-n <sc>off</small>). Further code reconfiguration also effectively provides 11 dB RCS reduction at ±24° oblique incidence. It offers broad BW for both impedance matching and RCS reduction, with a high reduction level. For adaptive stealth, each cell employs a quantum superposition state for its scattering properties. Real-time adjustment of the collapse probability based on direction-finding feedback redirects scattered beams matching incident waves, enhancing concealment against multisource radar threats. The cell electrical size is 0.32λ<sub>L</sub> × 0.32λ<sub>L</sub> × 0.08λ<sub>L</sub>, exhibiting compact and low-profile features. This approach provides a novel paradigm and technical solution for the new type of intelligent electromagnetic stealth system.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"25 1","pages":"448-452"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3629995
Jonathan Ethier;Mathieu Châteauvert;Ryan G. Dempsey;Alexis Bose
Wireless communications rely on path loss modeling, which is most effective when it includes the physical details of the propagation environment. Acquiring this data has historically been challenging, but geographic information systems data are becoming increasingly available with higher resolution and accuracy. Access to such details enables propagation models to more accurately predict coverage and account for interference in wireless deployments. Machine learning-based modeling can significantly support this effort, with feature-based approaches allowing for accurate, efficient, and scalable propagation modeling. Building on previous work, we introduce an extended set of features that improves prediction accuracy while, most importantly, proving model generalization through rigorous statistical assessment and the use of test set holdouts.
{"title":"Environmental Feature Engineering and Statistical Validation for ML-Based Path Loss Prediction","authors":"Jonathan Ethier;Mathieu Châteauvert;Ryan G. Dempsey;Alexis Bose","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3629995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3629995","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless communications rely on path loss modeling, which is most effective when it includes the physical details of the propagation environment. Acquiring this data has historically been challenging, but geographic information systems data are becoming increasingly available with higher resolution and accuracy. Access to such details enables propagation models to more accurately predict coverage and account for interference in wireless deployments. Machine learning-based modeling can significantly support this effort, with feature-based approaches allowing for accurate, efficient, and scalable propagation modeling. Building on previous work, we introduce an extended set of features that improves prediction accuracy while, most importantly, proving model generalization through rigorous statistical assessment and the use of test set holdouts.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"25 1","pages":"453-457"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3629735
Sangkyu Kim
This letter studies electromagnetic scattering by dielectric-loaded conductive sectors using the subdomain method. The subdomain method decomposes two conductive sectors facing each other into two single-sector problems. This enables representing the scattered electromagnetic fields of their individual subdomains using Fourier–Bessel series in local coordinates. The boundary conditions are enforced by mode matching. Surface currents are compared with those obtained from the finite element method and both the convergence rate of modal coefficients and the relative root-mean-square error are examined. The results show that the proposed method produces accurate and computationally efficient solutions for the given problem.
{"title":"Scattering by Dielectric-Loaded Conductive Sectors: A Subdomain Method","authors":"Sangkyu Kim","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3629735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3629735","url":null,"abstract":"This letter studies electromagnetic scattering by dielectric-loaded conductive sectors using the subdomain method. The subdomain method decomposes two conductive sectors facing each other into two single-sector problems. This enables representing the scattered electromagnetic fields of their individual subdomains using Fourier–Bessel series in local coordinates. The boundary conditions are enforced by mode matching. Surface currents are compared with those obtained from the finite element method and both the convergence rate of modal coefficients and the relative root-mean-square error are examined. The results show that the proposed method produces accurate and computationally efficient solutions for the given problem.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"25 1","pages":"443-447"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3629029
Jinyu Wu;Dingfei Ma;Xinhao Chen;Qingfeng Zhang;Huan Meng;Kin-Fai Tong;Baiyang Liu
This letter introduces a low-profile broadband folded transmitarray shared-aperture transceiver designed for frequency-diverse near-field sensing and real-time gesture recognition. The system uses a random encoded folded transmitarray and a dual-polarized feed to generate random transmit–receive fields through polarization control. The folded array operates from 31 GHz to 46 GHz (corresponding to 38% relative bandwidth) and includes a random-coded transmitarray surface and a polarization conversion reflectarray surface. The folded design integrates separate transmitter and receiver components into a shared-aperture transmitter yielding a compact 15.4$bm{lambda }$ × 15.4$bm{lambda }$ × 2.6$bm{lambda }$ system with a height-to-diameter ratio of 0.16. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed compact system in a real-time classifying ten gestures with an accuracy of 99.6% using a convolutional neural network.
{"title":"A Low-Profile Broadband Folded Transmitarray Shared-Aperture Transceiver for Frequency-Diverse Near-Field Sensing Enabled by Convolutional Neural Networks","authors":"Jinyu Wu;Dingfei Ma;Xinhao Chen;Qingfeng Zhang;Huan Meng;Kin-Fai Tong;Baiyang Liu","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3629029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3629029","url":null,"abstract":"This letter introduces a low-profile broadband folded transmitarray shared-aperture transceiver designed for frequency-diverse near-field sensing and real-time gesture recognition. The system uses a random encoded folded transmitarray and a dual-polarized feed to generate random transmit–receive fields through polarization control. The folded array operates from 31 GHz to 46 GHz (corresponding to 38% relative bandwidth) and includes a random-coded transmitarray surface and a polarization conversion reflectarray surface. The folded design integrates separate transmitter and receiver components into a shared-aperture transmitter yielding a compact 15.4<inline-formula><tex-math>$bm{lambda }$</tex-math></inline-formula> × 15.4<inline-formula><tex-math>$bm{lambda }$</tex-math></inline-formula> × 2.6<inline-formula><tex-math>$bm{lambda }$</tex-math></inline-formula> system with a height-to-diameter ratio of 0.16. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed compact system in a real-time classifying ten gestures with an accuracy of 99.6% using a convolutional neural network.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"25 1","pages":"428-432"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3628883
Qin Yu Li;Chang Jiang You;Jia Jun Sheng;Xue Qing Qi;Chao Qiang Xia;Ying Fan Shi;Yi Long Liu
A polarization and pattern independently reconfigurable 2 × 2 antenna array is analyzed and designed. A dual-polarized reconfigurable antenna element is realized by utilizing the rotation symmetry characteristics of a circular patch. One reconfigurable feed network with four 90° loaded-line phase shifters is proposed to control the initial phase of each element. The elements are arranged in 2 × 2 configuration to achieve polarization and pattern reconfiguration. The antenna array offers a total of 22 independent reconfiguration states. Its polarization can be switched between vertical linear polarization, horizontal linear polarization, left-hand circular polarization, and right-hand circular polarization. The pattern direction can be switched to along the +Z-axis, deflect 30° along the ±X-axis, or deflect 25° along the ±Y-axis. The antenna array features comprehensive polarization states, low profile, independent reconfiguration, multiple reconfiguration states, and requires few p-i-n switches. It is suitable for applications in wireless communication, radar detection, navigation, and other scenarios.
{"title":"Low-Profile Polarization and Pattern Independently Reconfigurable Antenna Array","authors":"Qin Yu Li;Chang Jiang You;Jia Jun Sheng;Xue Qing Qi;Chao Qiang Xia;Ying Fan Shi;Yi Long Liu","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3628883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3628883","url":null,"abstract":"A polarization and pattern independently reconfigurable 2 × 2 antenna array is analyzed and designed. A dual-polarized reconfigurable antenna element is realized by utilizing the rotation symmetry characteristics of a circular patch. One reconfigurable feed network with four 90° loaded-line phase shifters is proposed to control the initial phase of each element. The elements are arranged in 2 × 2 configuration to achieve polarization and pattern reconfiguration. The antenna array offers a total of 22 independent reconfiguration states. Its polarization can be switched between vertical linear polarization, horizontal linear polarization, left-hand circular polarization, and right-hand circular polarization. The pattern direction can be switched to along the +<italic>Z</i>-axis, deflect 30° along the ±<italic>X</i>-axis, or deflect 25° along the ±<italic>Y</i>-axis. The antenna array features comprehensive polarization states, low profile, independent reconfiguration, multiple reconfiguration states, and requires few p-i-n switches. It is suitable for applications in wireless communication, radar detection, navigation, and other scenarios.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"25 1","pages":"418-422"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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