Pub Date : 2025-07-08DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3587273
Can Cui;Paolo Rocca;Andrea Massa
In this letter, a method based on an encoder–decoder fully convolutional network is proposed for the efficient synthesis of planar arrays fulfilling user-defined beampattern masks. The decoder introduces a novel sub-pixel convolutional layer to yield an accurate and fast upsampling regression from the array excitations to the radiated pattern. The encoder is trained to minimize the deviation between the desired shaped beampattern and the actual one. By collaborating with the pretrained decoder, an efficient training of the encoder can be realized to yield a set of array excitations that fit the design objectives. Representative numerical results are reported to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.
{"title":"Shaped Beampattern Synthesis of Planar Arrays With Fully Convolutional Networks","authors":"Can Cui;Paolo Rocca;Andrea Massa","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3587273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3587273","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a method based on an encoder–decoder fully convolutional network is proposed for the efficient synthesis of planar arrays fulfilling user-defined beampattern masks. The decoder introduces a novel sub-pixel convolutional layer to yield an accurate and fast upsampling regression from the array excitations to the radiated pattern. The encoder is trained to minimize the deviation between the desired shaped beampattern and the actual one. By collaborating with the pretrained decoder, an efficient training of the encoder can be realized to yield a set of array excitations that fit the design objectives. Representative numerical results are reported to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3233-3237"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-08DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3587290
Bingjie Xiang;Kwai-Man Luk
A wideband 2-bit transmitarray antenna (TA) with two-dimensional (2-D) electronically beam-scanning capability is presented. Using the receive-and-transmit method, the reconfigurable TA (RTA) element is designed by combining two reconfigurable magnetoelectric (ME) dipole antennas. PIN diodes are integrated in the RTA element to control the current path. Hence, the receiving and transmitting layers can independently provide a 90° and 180° phase shift to achieve the 2-bit resolution. Furthermore, a novel prephase distribution is introduced in the TA aperture to suppress the cross-polarization levels. As a demonstration, a wideband electronically RTA with 11 × 11 elements is designed, fabricated and measured. The measured results show the prototype can achieve a 3 dB gain bandwidth of 32%, a peak gain of 21 dBi, and a peak aperture efficiency of 37%. The measured cross-polarization levels are suppressed lower than 20 dB. Moreover, the proposed RTA can support the wide scanning angles from −50° to +50° in both E- and H-planes within the operating bandwidth.
{"title":"A Wideband Reconfigurable 2-Bit Transmitarray Antenna With Cross-Polarization Suppression","authors":"Bingjie Xiang;Kwai-Man Luk","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3587290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3587290","url":null,"abstract":"A wideband 2-bit transmitarray antenna (TA) with two-dimensional (2-D) electronically beam-scanning capability is presented. Using the receive-and-transmit method, the reconfigurable TA (RTA) element is designed by combining two reconfigurable magnetoelectric (ME) dipole antennas. PIN diodes are integrated in the RTA element to control the current path. Hence, the receiving and transmitting layers can independently provide a 90° and 180° phase shift to achieve the 2-bit resolution. Furthermore, a novel prephase distribution is introduced in the TA aperture to suppress the cross-polarization levels. As a demonstration, a wideband electronically RTA with 11 × 11 elements is designed, fabricated and measured. The measured results show the prototype can achieve a 3 dB gain bandwidth of 32%, a peak gain of 21 dBi, and a peak aperture efficiency of 37%. The measured cross-polarization levels are suppressed lower than 20 dB. Moreover, the proposed RTA can support the wide scanning angles from −50° to +50° in both E- and H-planes within the operating bandwidth.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3238-3242"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-08DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3587051
Daosheng Huang;Feng Liang;Bing-Zhong Wang
A dual-band leaky-wave antenna based on dual-mode microstrip transmission lines (MTLs) with a large frequency ratio of 3.4 is presented. By loading the periodic open microstrip branches, the MTL can operate on the quasi-TEM mode in microwave band and quasi-TE0.5,0 mode in millimeter-wave band, respectively. Rectangular parasitic patches with periodic arrangement are used to generate radiation in the microwave band. Comb slots are loaded on the parasitic patch to reduce the effect of the microwave radiation on millimeter-wave band, and it also excites the TM01 and TM10 modes of the rectangular parasitic patch at 10.3 GHz and 12.2 GHz, respectively, to achieve frequency-controlled polarization reconfigurability. Transverse slots are loaded on the dual-mode MTL to generate radiation in the millimeter-wave band. The fabricated antenna shows polarization reconfigurability in the frequency range of 9 GHz to 13 GHz. And the antenna can achieve a beam steering range of 58° (−40° to 18°) in the 9 GHz to 13 GHz and 38° (–42° to −6°) in the 32.6 GHz to 40 GHz.
{"title":"Large Frequency-Ratio Dual-Band Leaky-Wave Antenna With Low-Frequency Polarization Reconfiguration","authors":"Daosheng Huang;Feng Liang;Bing-Zhong Wang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3587051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3587051","url":null,"abstract":"A dual-band leaky-wave antenna based on dual-mode microstrip transmission lines (MTLs) with a large frequency ratio of 3.4 is presented. By loading the periodic open microstrip branches, the MTL can operate on the quasi-TEM mode in microwave band and quasi-TE<sub>0.5,0</sub> mode in millimeter-wave band, respectively. Rectangular parasitic patches with periodic arrangement are used to generate radiation in the microwave band. Comb slots are loaded on the parasitic patch to reduce the effect of the microwave radiation on millimeter-wave band, and it also excites the TM<sub>01</sub> and TM<sub>10</sub> modes of the rectangular parasitic patch at 10.3 GHz and 12.2 GHz, respectively, to achieve frequency-controlled polarization reconfigurability. Transverse slots are loaded on the dual-mode MTL to generate radiation in the millimeter-wave band. The fabricated antenna shows polarization reconfigurability in the frequency range of 9 GHz to 13 GHz. And the antenna can achieve a beam steering range of 58° (−40° to 18°) in the 9 GHz to 13 GHz and 38° (–42° to −6°) in the 32.6 GHz to 40 GHz.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3228-3232"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-07DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3586763
Rui Wu;Chun-Rong Li;Fu-Chang Chen
A tri-band dual-polarized shared-aperture antenna array is proposed, in which a rotated double M-shaped branch (DMB) and four pairs of stubs are designed to suppress the scattering effect of low-band radiation. This antenna array consists of two low-band (LB) antennas and four mid/high-band (M/HB) antennas. The principle of rotated DMB is explained. The measured results show that the aperture-shared antenna array achieves impedance bandwidths of 51.0% (1.6 GHz to 2.7 GHz), 16.2% (3.46 GHz to 4 GHz), and 8.3% (4.6 GHz to 5 GHz). Good decoupling characteristics are observed. The isolation of LB exceeds 25 dB, MB exceeds 20 dB, and HB is more than 30 dB, achieving a good level of isolation. Moreover, very stable radiation patterns are achieved over the whole band, which could be a good candidate for modern base station applications.
{"title":"Tri-Band Dual-Polarized Shared-Aperture Antenna Array for Base Station Applications","authors":"Rui Wu;Chun-Rong Li;Fu-Chang Chen","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3586763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3586763","url":null,"abstract":"A tri-band dual-polarized shared-aperture antenna array is proposed, in which a rotated double M-shaped branch (DMB) and four pairs of stubs are designed to suppress the scattering effect of low-band radiation. This antenna array consists of two low-band (LB) antennas and four mid/high-band (M/HB) antennas. The principle of rotated DMB is explained. The measured results show that the aperture-shared antenna array achieves impedance bandwidths of 51.0% (1.6 GHz to 2.7 GHz), 16.2% (3.46 GHz to 4 GHz), and 8.3% (4.6 GHz to 5 GHz). Good decoupling characteristics are observed. The isolation of LB exceeds 25 dB, MB exceeds 20 dB, and HB is more than 30 dB, achieving a good level of isolation. Moreover, very stable radiation patterns are achieved over the whole band, which could be a good candidate for modern base station applications.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3213-3217"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-04DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585856
Bin Zou;Zihao Ma;Lamei Zhang
In this letter, a finite-difference frequency-domain (FDFD) scheme with a stable iterative solver is proposed to solve the electromagnetic field from objects made of dispersive media. The ill-conditioned complex matrix generated by FDFD is transformed into an equivalent 2 × 2 real form, and the Hermitian and skew-Hermitian splitting method is extended to handle the asymmetric linear system. The accuracy and stability of the proposed method are demonstrated through comparison to other frequency-domain numerical methods.
{"title":"Accelerated FDFD Method Based on GRHSS for Electromagnetic Analysis of Dispersive Media","authors":"Bin Zou;Zihao Ma;Lamei Zhang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585856","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a finite-difference frequency-domain (FDFD) scheme with a stable iterative solver is proposed to solve the electromagnetic field from objects made of dispersive media. The ill-conditioned complex matrix generated by FDFD is transformed into an equivalent 2 × 2 real form, and the Hermitian and skew-Hermitian splitting method is extended to handle the asymmetric linear system. The accuracy and stability of the proposed method are demonstrated through comparison to other frequency-domain numerical methods.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3198-3202"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-04DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585955
Yikun Wang;Lejiang Zhao;Jiazhi Ying;Kaiqiang Zhu;Houjun Sun
This letter proposes a compact W-band antenna-in-package design for a phased array front-end module. A slot-coupled stacked patches structure is developed to address integration challenges and enhance bandwidth limited by the thin substrate. The antenna is optimized by particle swarm optimization algorithm and manufactured by cost-effective modified semiadditive process. Experimental results from an 8 × 8 phased array module demonstrate consistent performance, including $pm 30^{circ }$ beam scanning ability, low scan gain loss ($rm < $ 2 dB), and low cross-polarization ($rm < $$-$20 dB) with a maximum measured effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of 54.8 dBm. This work provides a scalable and cost-effective solution for the integration of millimeter-wave phased array systems.
{"title":"A Slot-Coupling Stacked Patches Antenna in Package for a 64-Elements W-Band Phased Array","authors":"Yikun Wang;Lejiang Zhao;Jiazhi Ying;Kaiqiang Zhu;Houjun Sun","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585955","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes a compact W-band antenna-in-package design for a phased array front-end module. A slot-coupled stacked patches structure is developed to address integration challenges and enhance bandwidth limited by the thin substrate. The antenna is optimized by particle swarm optimization algorithm and manufactured by cost-effective modified semiadditive process. Experimental results from an 8 × 8 phased array module demonstrate consistent performance, including <inline-formula><tex-math>$pm 30^{circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula> beam scanning ability, low scan gain loss (<inline-formula><tex-math>$rm < $</tex-math></inline-formula> 2 dB), and low cross-polarization (<inline-formula><tex-math>$rm < $</tex-math></inline-formula> <inline-formula><tex-math>$-$</tex-math></inline-formula>20 dB) with a maximum measured effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of 54.8 dBm. This work provides a scalable and cost-effective solution for the integration of millimeter-wave phased array systems.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3208-3212"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-03DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585743
Yuanzhi Liu;Costas D. Sarris
Digital reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) consist of unit cells that can operate in a finite number of discrete states, typically controlled by switching circuits. The selection of the state of each RIS cell, commonly referred to as the “codebook,” can be made similar to array design, assuming that the far field of the RIS is a weighted combination of the far fields of individual cells. However, the full-wave analysis of even a 1-bit RIS geometry reveals that mutual coupling between cells strongly affects the scattered fields of the RIS, creating a wide range of realizable scattering patterns. We show that a computationally efficient, mutual coupling aware model of RIS scattered fields (empowered by a convolutional neural network) enables the exploration of these patterns by an optimizer, to meet design objectives beyond those achievable by standard codebook optimization approaches. Moreover, we demonstrate the design of 1-bit RIS codebooks that are free of spurious (“quantization”) lobes—a problem that was previously resolved only by modifying the RIS unit cells, increasing their complexity.
{"title":"Optimization of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Codebooks Using a Mutual Coupling Aware CNN Model of Scattered Fields","authors":"Yuanzhi Liu;Costas D. Sarris","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585743","url":null,"abstract":"Digital reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) consist of unit cells that can operate in a finite number of discrete states, typically controlled by switching circuits. The selection of the state of each RIS cell, commonly referred to as the “codebook,” can be made similar to array design, assuming that the far field of the RIS is a weighted combination of the far fields of individual cells. However, the full-wave analysis of even a 1-bit RIS geometry reveals that mutual coupling between cells strongly affects the scattered fields of the RIS, creating a wide range of realizable scattering patterns. We show that a computationally efficient, mutual coupling aware model of RIS scattered fields (empowered by a convolutional neural network) enables the exploration of these patterns by an optimizer, to meet design objectives beyond those achievable by standard codebook optimization approaches. Moreover, we demonstrate the design of 1-bit RIS codebooks that are free of spurious (“quantization”) lobes—a problem that was previously resolved only by modifying the RIS unit cells, increasing their complexity.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3188-3192"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-03DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585915
Xiangdong Xie;Chao Zhang
Angular momentum (AM) plays multiple critical roles in wireless communications and detection, whereas waveguides serve as a pivotal propagation environment. The electromagnetic (EM) waves propagating in waveguides carry coupled spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM), yet the specific OAM mode composition and SAM-OAM coupling relationship have not been fully resolved. Although prior studies have derived average OAM values carried by waveguide eigenmodes, the ambiguity persists due to infinite possible OAM state combinations that yield identical averages. This work addresses two critical gaps: first, it obtains the deterministic decomposition of OAM mode components, and second, it shows the explicit SAM-OAM coupling relationship of EM waves in circular waveguides. By analytically decomposing hybrid eigenmodes into left-handed and right-handed polarized components, this study reveals that each polarization component carries OAM with distinct topological charges. Moreover, consistency is demonstrated among the theory of this study, HFSS simulations, and prior research. As a result, this study establishes a theoretical foundation for angular momentum transmission in circular waveguides, which enables applications in OAM multiplexing and quantum communications.
{"title":"Analysis of Electromagnetic Angular Momentum in Circular Waveguides","authors":"Xiangdong Xie;Chao Zhang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585915","url":null,"abstract":"Angular momentum (AM) plays multiple critical roles in wireless communications and detection, whereas waveguides serve as a pivotal propagation environment. The electromagnetic (EM) waves propagating in waveguides carry coupled spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM), yet the specific OAM mode composition and SAM-OAM coupling relationship have not been fully resolved. Although prior studies have derived average OAM values carried by waveguide eigenmodes, the ambiguity persists due to infinite possible OAM state combinations that yield identical averages. This work addresses two critical gaps: first, it obtains the deterministic decomposition of OAM mode components, and second, it shows the explicit SAM-OAM coupling relationship of EM waves in circular waveguides. By analytically decomposing hybrid eigenmodes into left-handed and right-handed polarized components, this study reveals that each polarization component carries OAM with distinct topological charges. Moreover, consistency is demonstrated among the theory of this study, HFSS simulations, and prior research. As a result, this study establishes a theoretical foundation for angular momentum transmission in circular waveguides, which enables applications in OAM multiplexing and quantum communications.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3203-3207"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-03DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585776
Tunç Murat İlgar;Birsen Saka
This letter presents a novel application of hexagonal electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures—each occupying a unit cell area of 2.1 cm$^{2}$—to suppress electromagnetic interference while preserving airflow in enclosures used for C-band satellite communication at ground stations. Focusing on the extended C band around 4.7 GHz, the proposed design achieves 43 dB suppression at the targeted downlink frequency, effectively shielding sensitive electronics, such as high-performance c omputing systems, even with mandatory ventilation apertures. Unlike prior EBG studies that primarily address antenna or planar electronic designs, this work integrates EBG cells into hexagonal ventilation apertures, forming waveguide-like passages—a concept not previously explored. This approach simultaneously meets the critical requirements of electromagnetic interference (EMI) mitigation and adequate thermal management for satellite ground stations operating within the extended C-band spectrum. The design was validated through simulations in CST Microwave Studio and free-space measurements within an anechoic chamber, yielding strong agreement between theoretical and experimental results. Overall, the proposed EBG-based solution offers a practical and effective means of improving EMI control in extended C-band satellite communication enclosures without compromising ventilation requirements.
{"title":"EBG-Integrated Hexagonal Waveguides for Enhanced EMI Suppression in Extended C-Band Applications","authors":"Tunç Murat İlgar;Birsen Saka","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585776","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a novel application of hexagonal electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures—each occupying a unit cell area of 2.1 cm<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>—to suppress electromagnetic interference while preserving airflow in enclosures used for C-band satellite communication at ground stations. Focusing on the extended C band around 4.7 GHz, the proposed design achieves 43 dB suppression at the targeted downlink frequency, effectively shielding sensitive electronics, such as high-performance c omputing systems, even with mandatory ventilation apertures. Unlike prior EBG studies that primarily address antenna or planar electronic designs, this work integrates EBG cells into hexagonal ventilation apertures, forming waveguide-like passages—a concept not previously explored. This approach simultaneously meets the critical requirements of electromagnetic interference (EMI) mitigation and adequate thermal management for satellite ground stations operating within the extended C-band spectrum. The design was validated through simulations in CST Microwave Studio and free-space measurements within an anechoic chamber, yielding strong agreement between theoretical and experimental results. Overall, the proposed EBG-based solution offers a practical and effective means of improving EMI control in extended C-band satellite communication enclosures without compromising ventilation requirements.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3193-3197"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-02DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585262
Fuhong Pang;Leilei Liu;Lei Zhu;Guo Qing Luo
In this letter, a high-gain small-aperture traveling-wave endfire antenna based on phase-reversal technique is proposed in the platform of double-sided parallel stripline (DSPSL). The field cancellation effect in conventional DSPSL causes a trade-off between high gain and small aperture. In this work, it is effectively broken by the introduction of phase-reversal crossover. As a result, high-gain endfire radiation at a small aperture can be achieved. The developed antenna forms a good endfire radiation property in the frequency range of 14.2 GHz to 15.6 GHz. The maximum endfire gain is measured to be 16 dBi at 15.1 GHz with a small cross-sectional aperture of only 0.15λ × 0.06λ. The simulated and measured results are found in good agreement with each other in the entire operating band. The proposed antenna has a few unique advantages—that is, high gain, small aperture, low profile, and low cost—and it is valuable for applications in advanced wireless communication.
{"title":"High-Gain and Small-Aperture Traveling-Wave Endfire Antenna Based on DSPSL Using Phase-Reversal Technique","authors":"Fuhong Pang;Leilei Liu;Lei Zhu;Guo Qing Luo","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3585262","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a high-gain small-aperture traveling-wave endfire antenna based on phase-reversal technique is proposed in the platform of double-sided parallel stripline (DSPSL). The field cancellation effect in conventional DSPSL causes a trade-off between high gain and small aperture. In this work, it is effectively broken by the introduction of phase-reversal crossover. As a result, high-gain endfire radiation at a small aperture can be achieved. The developed antenna forms a good endfire radiation property in the frequency range of 14.2 GHz to 15.6 GHz. The maximum endfire gain is measured to be 16 dBi at 15.1 GHz with a small cross-sectional aperture of only 0.15<italic>λ</i> × 0.06<italic>λ</i>. The simulated and measured results are found in good agreement with each other in the entire operating band. The proposed antenna has a few unique advantages—that is, high gain, small aperture, low profile, and low cost—and it is valuable for applications in advanced wireless communication.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 9","pages":"3169-3173"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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