Pub Date : 2025-10-06DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3617972
Qibin Qian;Bing Zhang
This letter proposes a lightweight low-cost antenna designed by a dimension-expanded superformula for the ultrawideband (UWB) application. The classic two-dimensional (2-D) superformula is extended to the 3-D domain by introducing two additional geometric parameters to represent third-dimensional variations, thereby enhancing the degree of design freedom. By parameterizing the antenna’s profile using the proposed 3-D superformula, the proposed antenna’s bandwidth covers the entire UWB spectrum. The antenna is characterized by the equivalent circuit model and characteristic modal analysis. The selective laser melting is used to fabricate the proposed antenna of a complex stripwise structure at a very low cost. The antenna prototype has a 13.4 g weight, 1.60 bandwidth–volume ratio, less than 3 dB gain ripple, and achieves 1.31 GHz to 18 GHz (voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) < 2.5). By extending the classic 2-D superformula to 3-D, significant potential is expected to be explored in superformula-defined antennas.
{"title":"A 3-D-Printed Lightweight Low-Cost UWB Antenna Designed by Dimension-Expanded Superformula","authors":"Qibin Qian;Bing Zhang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3617972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3617972","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes a lightweight low-cost antenna designed by a dimension-expanded superformula for the ultrawideband (UWB) application. The classic two-dimensional (2-D) superformula is extended to the 3-D domain by introducing two additional geometric parameters to represent third-dimensional variations, thereby enhancing the degree of design freedom. By parameterizing the antenna’s profile using the proposed 3-D superformula, the proposed antenna’s bandwidth covers the entire UWB spectrum. The antenna is characterized by the equivalent circuit model and characteristic modal analysis. The selective laser melting is used to fabricate the proposed antenna of a complex stripwise structure at a very low cost. The antenna prototype has a 13.4 g weight, 1.60 bandwidth–volume ratio, less than 3 dB gain ripple, and achieves 1.31 GHz to 18 GHz (voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) < 2.5). By extending the classic 2-D superformula to 3-D, significant potential is expected to be explored in superformula-defined antennas.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 12","pages":"4965-4969"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-02DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3617066
Xin Guan;Yijing He;Zhenghui Xue;Wu Ren;Weiming Li
In this letter, a millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) planar endfire circularly polarized (CP) array antenna (ECPAA) is proposed using multiple tilted-arranged directors (TADs) for wide-angle scanning and improved axial ratio. Initially, an endfire CP substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna element with a width of less than half a wavelength explores TADs to realize beam inclination. Specifically, the loaded directors feature three pairs of metal patches printed on opposing sides of dielectric substrate, which are interconnected via two metallized vias. In contrast to conventional method of increasing antenna gain by incorporating additional directors, the proposed planar ECPAA introduces a distinctive design that symmetrically positions eight columns of directors in a divergent configuration in front of the array. This approach not only significantly expands the scanning angle range, but also improves the axial ratio during large-angle scanning, offering a novel solution for wide-angle scanning of circular polarization. As a validation, a prototype of the array is fabricated and tested, yielding results that are in good agreement with simulated results. The proposed CP endfire array demonstrates an excellent beam scanning range of ±65°. With the merits of endfire radiation, wide-angle scanning, and circular polarization, the proposed antenna has promising usage for installation on automobiles, low-altitude economic platforms, and terminal equipment in mm-Wave systems.
{"title":"An Endfire Circularly Polarized Millimeter-Wave Phased Array Antenna With Multiple Tilted Directors for Wide-Angle Scanning and Improved Axial Ratio","authors":"Xin Guan;Yijing He;Zhenghui Xue;Wu Ren;Weiming Li","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3617066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3617066","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) planar endfire circularly polarized (CP) array antenna (ECPAA) is proposed using multiple tilted-arranged directors (TADs) for wide-angle scanning and improved axial ratio. Initially, an endfire CP substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna element with a width of less than half a wavelength explores TADs to realize beam inclination. Specifically, the loaded directors feature three pairs of metal patches printed on opposing sides of dielectric substrate, which are interconnected via two metallized vias. In contrast to conventional method of increasing antenna gain by incorporating additional directors, the proposed planar ECPAA introduces a distinctive design that symmetrically positions eight columns of directors in a divergent configuration in front of the array. This approach not only significantly expands the scanning angle range, but also improves the axial ratio during large-angle scanning, offering a novel solution for wide-angle scanning of circular polarization. As a validation, a prototype of the array is fabricated and tested, yielding results that are in good agreement with simulated results. The proposed CP endfire array demonstrates an excellent beam scanning range of ±65°. With the merits of endfire radiation, wide-angle scanning, and circular polarization, the proposed antenna has promising usage for installation on automobiles, low-altitude economic platforms, and terminal equipment in mm-Wave systems.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 12","pages":"4955-4959"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3616345
Xingying Huo;David R. Jackson
A planar periodic leaky-wave antenna based on a “bull’s-eye” structure on a grounded dielectric slab, for use in generating backward endfire radiation, is proposed and investigated. The transeverse magnetic TM0 parallel-plate mode, launched by a vertical coaxial probe in the center, is perturbed into a leaky mode that radiates from the n = −1 space harmonic at backward endfire. The fact that the leaky mode radiates at backward endfire allows for forward endfire radiation from the antenna with a smaller periodicity, and hence a more homogenous structure. The results are verified by simulation and measurement.
{"title":"Analysis and Design of a Leaky-Wave Bull’s-Eye Antenna With a Backward Endfire Property","authors":"Xingying Huo;David R. Jackson","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3616345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3616345","url":null,"abstract":"A planar periodic leaky-wave antenna based on a “bull’s-eye” structure on a grounded dielectric slab, for use in generating backward endfire radiation, is proposed and investigated. The transeverse magnetic TM<sub>0</sub> parallel-plate mode, launched by a vertical coaxial probe in the center, is perturbed into a leaky mode that radiates from the <italic>n</i> = −1 space harmonic at backward endfire. The fact that the leaky mode radiates at backward endfire allows for forward endfire radiation from the antenna with a smaller periodicity, and hence a more homogenous structure. The results are verified by simulation and measurement.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 12","pages":"4940-4944"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145765635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study introduces a novel approach to microwave wireless power transfer (MWPT) that enables precise and customizable charging for multiple targets within an electrically large cavity (ELC). By adjusting frequency, the electromagnetic (EM) field distribution within the cavity is dynamically controlled, facilitating targeted power delivery to specific locations. Simulation results demonstrate that the EM field exhibits high sensitivity to frequency variations, leading to significant changes in field strength at various target positions. The capability to simultaneously adjust both frequency and input power enables adaptive and efficient wireless charging, precisely matching the energy requirements of targets. To validate the proposed method, an experiment setup comprising 160 light-emitting diode (LED) rectennas was arranged inside the ELC, enabling tailored MWPT for multiple targets. The experimental results closely align with simulations. As a proof of concept, LED rectennas arranged along a specific path were sequentially illuminated, validating the effectiveness of the frequency-control scheme in achieving customized multitarget MWPT.
{"title":"Tailored and Tunable Microwave Wireless Power Transfer for Multiple Targets in an Electrically Large Cavity via Frequency Control","authors":"Jianwei Jing;Liping Yan;Bo Yang;Peng Ren;Junlin Mi;Changjun Liu;Naoki Shinohara","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3615665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3615665","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces a novel approach to microwave wireless power transfer (MWPT) that enables precise and customizable charging for multiple targets within an electrically large cavity (ELC). By adjusting frequency, the electromagnetic (EM) field distribution within the cavity is dynamically controlled, facilitating targeted power delivery to specific locations. Simulation results demonstrate that the EM field exhibits high sensitivity to frequency variations, leading to significant changes in field strength at various target positions. The capability to simultaneously adjust both frequency and input power enables adaptive and efficient wireless charging, precisely matching the energy requirements of targets. To validate the proposed method, an experiment setup comprising 160 light-emitting diode (LED) rectennas was arranged inside the ELC, enabling tailored MWPT for multiple targets. The experimental results closely align with simulations. As a proof of concept, LED rectennas arranged along a specific path were sequentially illuminated, validating the effectiveness of the frequency-control scheme in achieving customized multitarget MWPT.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 12","pages":"4910-4914"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-30DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3616112
Jiyao Jiang;Xiaowei Cui;Mingquan Lu
This letter proposes the mask-assisted spatial control optimization technique (MASCOT) for designing multiple-input–multiple-output planar arrays in ultrawideband near-field imaging scenarios. Unlike conventional methods relying on limited 2-D or single-point optimization, MASCOT establishes a new paradigm through comprehensive 3-D point spread function (PSF) control across the region of interest. This is achieved by a mask-assisted energy-concentrating evaluation metric that drives the designed array’s PSF toward a target response. The resulting array demonstrates superior results in PSF simulations, consistently maintaining the lowest peak sidelobe levels across all test positions among the compared arrays. Together, these achievements contribute to the advancement of array design for enhanced high-resolution 3-D imaging.
{"title":"MASCOT: Mask-Assisted Spatial Control Optimization Technique for UWB MIMO Array Topology Design","authors":"Jiyao Jiang;Xiaowei Cui;Mingquan Lu","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3616112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3616112","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes the mask-assisted spatial control optimization technique (MASCOT) for designing multiple-input–multiple-output planar arrays in ultrawideband near-field imaging scenarios. Unlike conventional methods relying on limited 2-D or single-point optimization, MASCOT establishes a new paradigm through comprehensive 3-D point spread function (PSF) control across the region of interest. This is achieved by a mask-assisted energy-concentrating evaluation metric that drives the designed array’s PSF toward a target response. The resulting array demonstrates superior results in PSF simulations, consistently maintaining the lowest peak sidelobe levels across all test positions among the compared arrays. Together, these achievements contribute to the advancement of array design for enhanced high-resolution 3-D imaging.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 12","pages":"4925-4929"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145765629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-30DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3615899
Tian Liu;Guizhi Tian;Pei Xiao;Qianbiao Du;Hao Li;Gaosheng Li
This letter introduces a novel cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA), which incorporates magnetoelectric (ME) dipoles as directors to achieve excellent impedance bandwidth (IBW) and stable gain. The directors consist of a pair of ME dipoles connecting a horizontal metal plate, where the improved matching characteristics and cross-polarization isolation (XPI) of the boat-shaped electric dipoles surpass those of traditional rectangular designs, resulting in wide IBW and high gain performance of the antenna. The rectangular slot is fed with a microstrip line on the bottom of the substrate. Compared to traditional cylindrical dielectric resonator antennas, the proposed antenna doubles impedance bandwidth and gain, with the XPI enhancement of 5 dB. Furthermore, the measured impedance bandwidth of the designed antenna is 16.3% (6.08 GHz to 7.16 GHz) with a realized gain of 8.235 ± 1.075 dBi. The proposed antenna is a candidate for WIFI 6E communications and also provides options for more high-performance DRAs.
{"title":"Dielectric Resonator Antenna Loaded With Magnetoelectric Dipole for WiFi 6E Applications","authors":"Tian Liu;Guizhi Tian;Pei Xiao;Qianbiao Du;Hao Li;Gaosheng Li","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3615899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3615899","url":null,"abstract":"This letter introduces a novel cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA), which incorporates magnetoelectric (ME) dipoles as directors to achieve excellent impedance bandwidth (IBW) and stable gain. The directors consist of a pair of ME dipoles connecting a horizontal metal plate, where the improved matching characteristics and cross-polarization isolation (XPI) of the boat-shaped electric dipoles surpass those of traditional rectangular designs, resulting in wide IBW and high gain performance of the antenna. The rectangular slot is fed with a microstrip line on the bottom of the substrate. Compared to traditional cylindrical dielectric resonator antennas, the proposed antenna doubles impedance bandwidth and gain, with the XPI enhancement of 5 dB. Furthermore, the measured impedance bandwidth of the designed antenna is 16.3% (6.08 GHz to 7.16 GHz) with a realized gain of 8.235 ± 1.075 dBi. The proposed antenna is a candidate for WIFI 6E communications and also provides options for more high-performance DRAs.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 12","pages":"4915-4919"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-30DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3616161
Xiaojie Liu;Chao Li
A self-supervised convolutional neural network (SCNN) is proposed to automatically extract equivalent circuit parameters of frequency selective surfaces (FSSs). The network directly maps the reflection coefficients (RCs) of a free-standing FSS under normal incidence to its equivalent inductance and capacitance, bypassing manual identification of transmission poles and zeros. Leveraging self-supervised learning, the SCNN reconstructs RCs from the extracted parameters and minimizes the mean square error against input RCs, eliminating the need for labeled data. The framework is further extended to incorporate dielectric substrates and oblique incidence, enabling efficient analysis of multilayered FSS via integration with the transmission matrix method. The proposed approach achieves high accuracy across a broad frequency range, up to the grating lobe regime, with remarkable computational efficiency.
{"title":"Automated Equivalent Circuit Modeling of Frequency Selective Surfaces Using Self-Supervised Neural Networks","authors":"Xiaojie Liu;Chao Li","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3616161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3616161","url":null,"abstract":"A self-supervised convolutional neural network (SCNN) is proposed to automatically extract equivalent circuit parameters of frequency selective surfaces (FSSs). The network directly maps the reflection coefficients (RCs) of a free-standing FSS under normal incidence to its equivalent inductance and capacitance, bypassing manual identification of transmission poles and zeros. Leveraging self-supervised learning, the SCNN reconstructs RCs from the extracted parameters and minimizes the mean square error against input RCs, eliminating the need for labeled data. The framework is further extended to incorporate dielectric substrates and oblique incidence, enabling efficient analysis of multilayered FSS via integration with the transmission matrix method. The proposed approach achieves high accuracy across a broad frequency range, up to the grating lobe regime, with remarkable computational efficiency.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 12","pages":"4930-4934"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145765633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-30DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3616191
Yisong Jiao;Biao Du
A novel C/X/Ka tri-band nested coaxial quad-ridged horn (NCQRH) feed for satellite communication is presented. The tri-band feed consists of the central spline-profile conical horn feed for Ka-band and the external coaxial quad-ridged horn feed for C/X dual-band over a 2.47:1 bandwidth. The 2.47:1 wideband characteristics of the NCQRH are achieved by introducing a quad-ridged structure into the common coaxial horn. An efficient three-step optimization design method is proposed to achieve rapid optimization design of the feed and enable excellent performance in tri-band. A feed prototype is manufactured and tested. Simulated and measured results are in good agreement to validate the design method. The measured reflection coefficients are better than −10 dB in the C/X dual-band and −23 dB in the Ka-band, respectively. The aperture efficiency is better than 55% over the C/X/Ka tri-band by feeding a f/D = 0.54 parabolic reflector antenna.
{"title":"A Tri-Band Nested Coaxial Quad-Ridged Horn Feed for Satellite Communication","authors":"Yisong Jiao;Biao Du","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3616191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3616191","url":null,"abstract":"A novel C/X/Ka tri-band nested coaxial quad-ridged horn (NCQRH) feed for satellite communication is presented. The tri-band feed consists of the central spline-profile conical horn feed for Ka-band and the external coaxial quad-ridged horn feed for C/X dual-band over a 2.47:1 bandwidth. The 2.47:1 wideband characteristics of the NCQRH are achieved by introducing a quad-ridged structure into the common coaxial horn. An efficient three-step optimization design method is proposed to achieve rapid optimization design of the feed and enable excellent performance in tri-band. A feed prototype is manufactured and tested. Simulated and measured results are in good agreement to validate the design method. The measured reflection coefficients are better than −10 dB in the C/X dual-band and −23 dB in the Ka-band, respectively. The aperture efficiency is better than 55% over the C/X/Ka tri-band by feeding a f/D = 0.54 parabolic reflector antenna.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 12","pages":"4935-4939"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145765638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-29DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3615633
Yuxuan Li;Lizhen Yang;Hai Lin
Accurately modeling dense multipath components is essential for wireless propagation, yet traditional ray tracing (RT) becomes impractical when every diffuse reflection is enumerated. This letter augments conventional RT with a Monte-Carlo diffuse-scattering (MCDS) module that launches a single diffuse ray per interaction according to a prescribed probability-density function and applies Russian-Roulette termination, yielding an unbiased estimate of infinitely recursive diffuse paths while keeping the deterministic RT treatment of specular reflections. The fully RT-embedded formulation accommodates any physically realistic scattering pattern, including directive models. In a synthetic single-room scenario, MCDS preserves delay-spread fidelity with near-constant run-time. Institute hallway measurements from the DICHASUS dataset further confirm that MCDS reproduces the diffuse tail more accurately than a hybrid propagation-graph approach, validating both its efficiency and predictive accuracy for high-frequency indoor propagation.
{"title":"Ray Tracing Augmented With Monte Carlo Diffuse Scattering for Dense Multipath Components Simulation","authors":"Yuxuan Li;Lizhen Yang;Hai Lin","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3615633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3615633","url":null,"abstract":"Accurately modeling dense multipath components is essential for wireless propagation, yet traditional ray tracing (RT) becomes impractical when every diffuse reflection is enumerated. This letter augments conventional RT with a Monte-Carlo diffuse-scattering (MCDS) module that launches a single diffuse ray per interaction according to a prescribed probability-density function and applies Russian-Roulette termination, yielding an unbiased estimate of infinitely recursive diffuse paths while keeping the deterministic RT treatment of specular reflections. The fully RT-embedded formulation accommodates any physically realistic scattering pattern, including directive models. In a synthetic single-room scenario, MCDS preserves delay-spread fidelity with near-constant run-time. Institute hallway measurements from the DICHASUS dataset further confirm that MCDS reproduces the diffuse tail more accurately than a hybrid propagation-graph approach, validating both its efficiency and predictive accuracy for high-frequency indoor propagation.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 12","pages":"4905-4909"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-29DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2025.3615294
Yuxuan Huang;Zhiming Liu;Xiangkun Kong;Huilin Zhou;Zhixin Lei;Yuhao Wang
A dual-polarized high-gain 3-D radiation pattern-reconfigurable wideband Fabry–Perot antenna (FPA) based on a liquid-based partially reflective surface (LPRS) is proposed. The FPA consists of a feed antenna and an LPRS. The feed antenna employs a slot-coupled patch antenna, and two pairs of orthogonal slots are applied on the ground plane to achieve the dual polarization of the antenna. The LPRS is a 6 × 6 array of unit cells, each consisting of a patch-printed F4B substrate and a PMMA layer. Each PMMA chamber can independently inject liquid metal, which provides flexible options for reconfiguration of LPRS. Meanwhile, an artificial neural network (ANN) is trained to map liquid injection cases to main lobe shift angles [ϕ, θ] and antenna gain. The measured results show that the FPA has a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 10.05 GHz to 11.95 GHz, and the peak gains for the two polarizations are 18 dBi and 17.6 dBi, respectively. The FPA achieves main lobe coverage of ϕ from −180° to 180° and θ from −19° to 19°. Both measured and ANN-predicted results agree well with the simulated results.
{"title":"A Dual-Polarized 3-D Radiation Pattern-Reconfigurable Fabry–Perot Antenna Based on Liquid-Based Partially Reflective Surface","authors":"Yuxuan Huang;Zhiming Liu;Xiangkun Kong;Huilin Zhou;Zhixin Lei;Yuhao Wang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2025.3615294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2025.3615294","url":null,"abstract":"A dual-polarized high-gain 3-D radiation pattern-reconfigurable wideband Fabry–Perot antenna (FPA) based on a liquid-based partially reflective surface (LPRS) is proposed. The FPA consists of a feed antenna and an LPRS. The feed antenna employs a slot-coupled patch antenna, and two pairs of orthogonal slots are applied on the ground plane to achieve the dual polarization of the antenna. The LPRS is a 6 × 6 array of unit cells, each consisting of a patch-printed F<sub>4</sub>B substrate and a PMMA layer. Each PMMA chamber can independently inject liquid metal, which provides flexible options for reconfiguration of LPRS. Meanwhile, an artificial neural network (ANN) is trained to map liquid injection cases to main lobe shift angles [<italic>ϕ</i>, <italic>θ</i>] and antenna gain. The measured results show that the FPA has a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 10.05 GHz to 11.95 GHz, and the peak gains for the two polarizations are 18 dBi and 17.6 dBi, respectively. The FPA achieves main lobe coverage of <italic>ϕ</i> from −180° to 180° and <italic>θ</i> from −19° to 19°. Both measured and ANN-predicted results agree well with the simulated results.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 12","pages":"4895-4899"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145765642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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