The study investigated the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy of a body image survey intervention for women at risk of eating psychopathology.
Method
A randomized wait-list control design was used. The preregistered study (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/ZQPEU) had ethical clearance and met recruitment targets. Female participants (aged 18–48 years) with high levels of social appearance anxiety (i.e., deemed at risk of eating pathology) were recruited via advertisement. Thirty-one participants completed the intervention, with 15 participants randomly allocated to the immediate treatment condition and 16 to the wait-list condition. The intervention consisted of two thirty-minute sessions over a week. Self-report measures were administered every week for 3 weeks and then at the follow-up 4 weeks later. Acceptability was defined as over 75% of participants completing the study and an average score above 5 on a 7-point Likert scale assessing acceptability. Feasibility was defined as over 60 participants expressing interest in the study, over 75% of participants consenting to intervention, and over 30 participants recruited for the intervention.
Results
The wait-list control design met all criteria for feasibility and acceptability. Preliminary outcomes (completer and intention-to-treat analyses) suggest body image surveys are effective at reducing social appearance anxiety (d = 1.79). While eating psychopathology and body image distress reduced over time, no significant interactions with group were found.
Discussion
While a full trial is needed to add to this evidence, body image surveys appear to be an acceptable and beneficial treatment for people with high levels of social appearance anxiety.
{"title":"Body Image Surveys to Address Social Appearance Anxiety in Women at Risk of Eating Psychopathology: An Acceptability, Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy Study, Using a Wait-List Randomized Controlled Design","authors":"Emma Giles, Glenn Waller","doi":"10.1002/eat.24590","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24590","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study investigated the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy of a body image survey intervention for women at risk of eating psychopathology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A randomized wait-list control design was used. The preregistered study (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/ZQPEU) had ethical clearance and met recruitment targets. Female participants (aged 18–48 years) with high levels of social appearance anxiety (i.e., deemed at risk of eating pathology) were recruited via advertisement. Thirty-one participants completed the intervention, with 15 participants randomly allocated to the immediate treatment condition and 16 to the wait-list condition. The intervention consisted of two thirty-minute sessions over a week. Self-report measures were administered every week for 3 weeks and then at the follow-up 4 weeks later. Acceptability was defined as over 75% of participants completing the study and an average score above 5 on a 7-point Likert scale assessing acceptability. Feasibility was defined as over 60 participants expressing interest in the study, over 75% of participants consenting to intervention, and over 30 participants recruited for the intervention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The wait-list control design met all criteria for feasibility and acceptability. Preliminary outcomes (completer and intention-to-treat analyses) suggest body image surveys are effective at reducing social appearance anxiety (<i>d</i> = 1.79). While eating psychopathology and body image distress reduced over time, no significant interactions with group were found.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While a full trial is needed to add to this evidence, body image surveys appear to be an acceptable and beneficial treatment for people with high levels of social appearance anxiety.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"59 2","pages":"371-383"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12884258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145453973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irina Jarvers, Raphael Degmayr, Alexandra Otto, Ricarda Jacob, Wilhelm Malloni, Stephanie Kandsperger, Daniel Schleicher, Angelika Ecker, Isabel Wiesinger, Christina Wendl, Mark Greenlee, Romuald Brunner
Objective
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder with structural brain alterations; however, the roles of cortical surface area (CSA) and cortical thickness (CTh) during adolescence remain unclear. Building on frequent reports of gray matter reductions in the cingulate cortex and precuneus, this study assesses CSA, CTh, and cortical volume in these regions, alongside exploratory whole-brain analyses and their associations with psychological dimensions.
Method
We included 26 adolescent females aged 12–19 years with acute AN and 24 age-matched healthy controls. Participants underwent high-resolution structural MRI and completed psychological assessments: Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire (PAQ), and Body Perception Questionnaire. MRI data were processed using BIDScoin, fMRIPrep, and FreeSurfer. Analyses included permutation-based non-parametric testing and multiple regression to investigate associations between brain metrics and psychological scores.
Results
In primary analyses, individuals with AN exhibited a significant reduction in precuneus CTh only. Precuneus CTh correlated negatively with EDI-II, BAI, and BDI-II scores, and positively with BMI-SDS. Regression analysis identified anxiety (BAI), specific EDI-II subscales, supra-diaphragmatic autonomic reactivity and difficulties describing negative feelings (PAQ) as predictors of precuneus CTh. Exploratory analyses revealed thickness differences in parietal and frontal regions, consistent with prior large-scale studies, with anxiety and depression scores correlating with several of these regions.
Discussion
Reduced precuneus CTh and its association with psychological factors highlight its role in AN's neurobiological mechanisms. Exploratory findings implicate parietal and frontal alterations, suggesting broader disruptions in body perception and behavioral control.
目的：神经性厌食症（Anorexia neurovosa， AN）是一种伴有大脑结构改变的严重精神障碍；然而，皮质表面积（CSA）和皮质厚度（CTh）在青春期的作用尚不清楚。基于对扣带皮层和楔前叶灰质减少的频繁报道，本研究评估了这些区域的CSA、CTh和皮质体积，同时进行了探索性全脑分析及其与心理维度的关联。方法：我们纳入了26名年龄在12-19岁的急性AN青少年女性和24名年龄匹配的健康对照。参与者接受高分辨率结构MRI检查，并完成心理评估：饮食失调量表-2 （edii - ii）、贝克焦虑量表（BAI）、贝克抑郁量表- ii （BDI-II）、珀斯述情障碍问卷（PAQ）和身体感知问卷。MRI数据使用BIDScoin、fMRIPrep和FreeSurfer进行处理。分析包括基于排列的非参数检验和多元回归，以调查大脑指标和心理评分之间的关系。结果：在初步分析中，AN患者仅表现出楔前叶CTh的显著减少。楔前叶CTh与EDI-II、BAI和BDI-II评分呈负相关，与BMI-SDS呈正相关。回归分析发现，焦虑（BAI）、特定的edii - ii亚量表、膈上自主神经反应性和描述负面感受困难（PAQ）是楔前叶CTh的预测因子。探索性分析揭示了顶叶和额叶区域的厚度差异，与之前的大规模研究一致，焦虑和抑郁得分与这些区域中的几个相关。讨论：楔前叶CTh减少及其与心理因素的关联突出了其在AN神经生物学机制中的作用。探索性发现涉及顶叶和额叶的改变，表明在身体感知和行为控制方面更广泛的中断。
{"title":"The Relationship Between Precuneus Thickness and Psychopathology in Adolescent Females With Anorexia Nervosa","authors":"Irina Jarvers, Raphael Degmayr, Alexandra Otto, Ricarda Jacob, Wilhelm Malloni, Stephanie Kandsperger, Daniel Schleicher, Angelika Ecker, Isabel Wiesinger, Christina Wendl, Mark Greenlee, Romuald Brunner","doi":"10.1002/eat.24591","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24591","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder with structural brain alterations; however, the roles of cortical surface area (CSA) and cortical thickness (CTh) during adolescence remain unclear. Building on frequent reports of gray matter reductions in the cingulate cortex and precuneus, this study assesses CSA, CTh, and cortical volume in these regions, alongside exploratory whole-brain analyses and their associations with psychological dimensions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included 26 adolescent females aged 12–19 years with acute AN and 24 age-matched healthy controls. Participants underwent high-resolution structural MRI and completed psychological assessments: Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire (PAQ), and Body Perception Questionnaire. MRI data were processed using BIDScoin, fMRIPrep, and FreeSurfer. Analyses included permutation-based non-parametric testing and multiple regression to investigate associations between brain metrics and psychological scores.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In primary analyses, individuals with AN exhibited a significant reduction in precuneus CTh only. Precuneus CTh correlated negatively with EDI-II, BAI, and BDI-II scores, and positively with BMI-SDS. Regression analysis identified anxiety (BAI), specific EDI-II subscales, supra-diaphragmatic autonomic reactivity and difficulties describing negative feelings (PAQ) as predictors of precuneus CTh. Exploratory analyses revealed thickness differences in parietal and frontal regions, consistent with prior large-scale studies, with anxiety and depression scores correlating with several of these regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Reduced precuneus CTh and its association with psychological factors highlight its role in AN's neurobiological mechanisms. Exploratory findings implicate parietal and frontal alterations, suggesting broader disruptions in body perception and behavioral control.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"59 2","pages":"384-400"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12884257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145440004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. M. Offringa, R. R. J. M. Vermeiren, C. Bouman, M. C. de Vries, H. G. J. M. Vermetten, P. M. L. Korthals Altes, L. A. Nooteboom
Objective
While compulsory treatment is shown to be potentially traumatic for patients, its impact on clinicians has been insufficiently studied. This study aimed to examine clinicians' experiences with providing compulsory nasogastric tube feeding for youth with severe anorexia nervosa, with particular attention to identifying factors contributing to its negative impacts and potential areas for improvement in clinical practice.
Method
Twenty-three clinicians in various roles from four academic child and adolescent psychiatry clinics in the Netherlands shared their experiences and opinions regarding compulsory nasogastric tube feeding for youth with anorexia nervosa in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was conducted after systematic deductive and inductive coding based on a framework of theory and practice.
Results
Three themes were identified. First, clinicians illustrated the immense impact of providing compulsory feeding and how this varied between different roles within a team. Second, the clinicians described myriad situations of highly distressing and potentially traumatic physical, and especially verbal resistance by patients and sometimes their parents. Third, the clinicians underlined the value of an emotionally safe working environment, the need for clear practical guidelines and the necessity of ethical debate.
Discussion
Providing compulsory nasogastric tube feeding for youth with anorexia nervosa may potentially cross clinicians' moral boundaries, leading to moral injury and potential traumatization, endangering the quality and sustainability of care. The necessity for education, innovation, team building, shared decision-making, practical guidelines and ethical/moral debate is discussed. This study may contribute to ongoing debate and further research on the implications of compulsory feeding for youth with anorexia nervosa.
{"title":"Clinicians' Experiences of Providing Compulsory Care for Youth With Anorexia Nervosa: A Qualitative Study","authors":"T. M. Offringa, R. R. J. M. Vermeiren, C. Bouman, M. C. de Vries, H. G. J. M. Vermetten, P. M. L. Korthals Altes, L. A. Nooteboom","doi":"10.1002/eat.24587","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24587","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While compulsory treatment is shown to be potentially traumatic for patients, its impact on clinicians has been insufficiently studied. This study aimed to examine clinicians' experiences with providing compulsory nasogastric tube feeding for youth with severe anorexia nervosa, with particular attention to identifying factors contributing to its negative impacts and potential areas for improvement in clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-three clinicians in various roles from four academic child and adolescent psychiatry clinics in the Netherlands shared their experiences and opinions regarding compulsory nasogastric tube feeding for youth with anorexia nervosa in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was conducted after systematic deductive and inductive coding based on a framework of theory and practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three themes were identified. First, clinicians illustrated the immense impact of providing compulsory feeding and how this varied between different roles within a team. Second, the clinicians described myriad situations of highly distressing and potentially traumatic physical, and especially verbal resistance by patients and sometimes their parents. Third, the clinicians underlined the value of an emotionally safe working environment, the need for clear practical guidelines and the necessity of ethical debate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Providing compulsory nasogastric tube feeding for youth with anorexia nervosa may potentially cross clinicians' moral boundaries, leading to moral injury and potential traumatization, endangering the quality and sustainability of care. The necessity for education, innovation, team building, shared decision-making, practical guidelines and ethical/moral debate is discussed. This study may contribute to ongoing debate and further research on the implications of compulsory feeding for youth with anorexia nervosa.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"59 2","pages":"346-361"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12884229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145439944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is an increased interest in targeting transdiagnostic processes in the prevention, early intervention and treatment of mental illness. Targeting transdiagnostic processes may produce more acceptable, engaging, and efficient approaches to addressing mental health disorders, including eating disorders. Given the high prevalence of comorbidities, transdiagnostic approaches may have broader reach, uptake and adoption in real-world applications and clinical practice. Transdiagnostic models may be particularly well-suited to young people, who often present with shifting symptom profiles and are embedded within complex family and education systems. Identification of shared transdiagnostic processes among eating disorders, depression, anxiety, and suicidality and other common comorbid conditions will inform the development of future mental health interventions. To assist in facilitating further research, the International Journal of Eating Disorders will devote a special issue to this topic.
{"title":"Transdiagnostic Approaches Across Eating Disorders, Depression, Anxiety and Suicidality and Other Comorbidities","authors":"Tracey D. Wade, Bridianne O'Dea","doi":"10.1002/eat.24589","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24589","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is an increased interest in targeting transdiagnostic processes in the prevention, early intervention and treatment of mental illness. Targeting transdiagnostic processes may produce more acceptable, engaging, and efficient approaches to addressing mental health disorders, including eating disorders. Given the high prevalence of comorbidities, transdiagnostic approaches may have broader reach, uptake and adoption in real-world applications and clinical practice. Transdiagnostic models may be particularly well-suited to young people, who often present with shifting symptom profiles and are embedded within complex family and education systems. Identification of shared transdiagnostic processes among eating disorders, depression, anxiety, and suicidality and other common comorbid conditions will inform the development of future mental health interventions. To assist in facilitating further research, the <i>International Journal of Eating Disorders</i> will devote a special issue to this topic.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"59 2","pages":"225-227"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145423384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grace Brownlow, Rosie Flack, Helen Burton-Murray, Olafur Palsson, Imran Aziz
Introduction
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is a feeding and eating disorder characterized by avoidant/restrictive eating behaviors that lead to medical and/or functional impairments. While ARFID is increasingly recognized within pediatric populations and specialist clinics, data on its prevalence and burden within the adult general population remain sparse. We sought to address this knowledge gap.
Methods
We conducted a population-based internet survey with predefined demographic quotas across the UK and USA. The survey included the Nine-Item ARFID Screen (NIAS), the Rome IV diagnostic questionnaire for disorders of gut-brain interaction (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia), and questions regarding demographics, body mass index, somatic symptoms, anxiety and depression, quality of life, and healthcare utilization.
Results
Among 4002 participants (mean age 47.1 years, 50% female), 26.0% screened positive for ARFID. Prevalence was significantly higher in females versus males (29.6% vs. 22.1%, OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.28–1.71) and varied by age: 18–39 years (31.6%), 40–64 years (25.0%), and ≥ 65 years (16.1%; p < 0.001). Participants with a positive ARFID screen demonstrated significantly higher rates of underweight status, disorders of gut-brain interaction, mood disturbances, somatic symptoms, reduced mental and physical quality of life, and increased healthcare utilization compared to unaffected individuals. Increasing severity of ARFID correlated with greater general health impairment (all p < 0.001).
Conclusion
A positive ARFID screen is common within the adult general population, affecting 1-in-4 people, and associated with a substantial health burden. Increased awareness of ARFID will facilitate clinical service provision and guide future research.
回避/限制性食物摄入障碍（ARFID）是一种进食障碍，以回避/限制性饮食行为为特征，导致医疗和/或功能障碍。虽然ARFID在儿科人群和专科诊所中得到越来越多的认可，但关于其在成人普通人群中的患病率和负担的数据仍然很少。我们试图解决这一知识鸿沟。方法：我们在英国和美国进行了一项基于人口的网络调查，并预先设定了人口配额。该调查包括九项ARFID筛选（NIAS），肠-脑相互作用紊乱（如肠易激综合征、功能性消化不良）的罗马IV诊断问卷，以及有关人口统计学、体重指数、躯体症状、焦虑和抑郁、生活质量和医疗保健利用的问题。结果：在4002名参与者中（平均年龄47.1岁，50%为女性），26.0%的ARFID筛查呈阳性。女性的患病率明显高于男性（29.6%对22.1%,OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.28-1.71），并因年龄而异：18-39岁（31.6%）、40-64岁（25.0%）和≥65岁（16.1%）；p结论：ARFID筛查阳性在成人一般人群中很常见，影响1 / 4的人，并与重大健康负担相关。提高对ARFID的认识将促进临床服务的提供并指导未来的研究。
{"title":"The Prevalence and Burden of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) Symptoms in the Adult General Population of the UK and USA","authors":"Grace Brownlow, Rosie Flack, Helen Burton-Murray, Olafur Palsson, Imran Aziz","doi":"10.1002/eat.24588","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24588","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is a feeding and eating disorder characterized by avoidant/restrictive eating behaviors that lead to medical and/or functional impairments. While ARFID is increasingly recognized within pediatric populations and specialist clinics, data on its prevalence and burden within the adult general population remain sparse. We sought to address this knowledge gap.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a population-based internet survey with predefined demographic quotas across the UK and USA. The survey included the Nine-Item ARFID Screen (NIAS), the Rome IV diagnostic questionnaire for disorders of gut-brain interaction (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia), and questions regarding demographics, body mass index, somatic symptoms, anxiety and depression, quality of life, and healthcare utilization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 4002 participants (mean age 47.1 years, 50% female), 26.0% screened positive for ARFID. Prevalence was significantly higher in females versus males (29.6% vs. 22.1%, OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.28–1.71) and varied by age: 18–39 years (31.6%), 40–64 years (25.0%), and ≥ 65 years (16.1%; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Participants with a positive ARFID screen demonstrated significantly higher rates of underweight status, disorders of gut-brain interaction, mood disturbances, somatic symptoms, reduced mental and physical quality of life, and increased healthcare utilization compared to unaffected individuals. Increasing severity of ARFID correlated with greater general health impairment (all <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A positive ARFID screen is common within the adult general population, affecting 1-in-4 people, and associated with a substantial health burden. Increased awareness of ARFID will facilitate clinical service provision and guide future research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"59 2","pages":"362-370"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12884231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145395121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gritt Ladwig, Kristine Schönhals, Hannah L. Quittkat, Fanny Alexandra Dietel, Silja Vocks
Objective
Previous research has revealed negative effects of appearance-related social media content, such as fitspiration, on body satisfaction. However, specific interventions to reduce these detrimental effects are scarce. Therefore, this randomized controlled pilot trial investigated the efficacy of the four-week online intervention body image booster (BIBo), which aims to reduce the negative influence of social media on body image by addressing theoretically proposed underlying mechanisms.
Method
N = 157 female participants with elevated eating disorder (ED) symptoms were randomly allocated to the BIBo training or a waitlist control condition (WLC). The final sample included n = 38 completers in the BIBo training group and n = 46 completers in the WLC. Before and after the four training sessions, ED symptoms and reactivity to fitspiration content were assessed, as well as body dissatisfaction, social comparison processes, and internalization of body ideals.
Results
BIBo participants showed significant pre-post reductions in ED symptoms (d = −0.72) and reactivity to fitspiration content (d = −0.58), while WLC participants showed no significant change. The same pattern of results emerged for upward social comparison (d = −0.59), appearance comparison on social media (d = −0.89), body dissatisfaction (d = −0.40), and internalization of a thin body ideal (d = −0.42). There were no pre-post changes in internalization of muscularity or attractiveness ideals in either the BIBo or the WLC group.
Discussion
Overall, the results suggest that BIBo is effective in altering pertinent outcome and mechanistic measures related to social media use and body image, demonstrating its therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment of EDs.
{"title":"Addressing the Negative Impact of Social Media on Body Image: An Online Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial","authors":"Gritt Ladwig, Kristine Schönhals, Hannah L. Quittkat, Fanny Alexandra Dietel, Silja Vocks","doi":"10.1002/eat.24584","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24584","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous research has revealed negative effects of appearance-related social media content, such as fitspiration, on body satisfaction. However, specific interventions to reduce these detrimental effects are scarce. Therefore, this randomized controlled pilot trial investigated the efficacy of the four-week online intervention body image booster (BIBo), which aims to reduce the negative influence of social media on body image by addressing theoretically proposed underlying mechanisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 <i>N</i> = 157 female participants with elevated eating disorder (ED) symptoms were randomly allocated to the BIBo training or a waitlist control condition (WLC). The final sample included <i>n</i> = 38 completers in the BIBo training group and <i>n</i> = 46 completers in the WLC. Before and after the four training sessions, ED symptoms and reactivity to fitspiration content were assessed, as well as body dissatisfaction, social comparison processes, and internalization of body ideals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>BIBo participants showed significant pre-post reductions in ED symptoms (<i>d</i> = −0.72) and reactivity to fitspiration content (<i>d</i> = −0.58), while WLC participants showed no significant change. The same pattern of results emerged for upward social comparison (<i>d</i> = −0.59), appearance comparison on social media (<i>d</i> = −0.89), body dissatisfaction (<i>d</i> = −0.40), and internalization of a thin body ideal (<i>d</i> = −0.42). There were no pre-post changes in internalization of muscularity or attractiveness ideals in either the BIBo or the WLC group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, the results suggest that BIBo is effective in altering pertinent outcome and mechanistic measures related to social media use and body image, demonstrating its therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment of EDs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"59 2","pages":"332-345"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12884261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145379725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sian Maynard, Phillipa Hay, Ritesh Chimoriya, Pamela Acosta Reyes, Kathy Grudzinskas, Nic Kormas, Milan K. Piya
Objective
Eating disorders (ED) and psychological distress are highly prevalent in individuals with Class 3 obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2). With the increasing use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA), concerns have emerged about the potential worsening of ED symptoms. This study aimed to compare ED risk and psychological distress in adults with Class 3 obesity: (1) between those already on GLP1-RA and those not and (2) between baseline and 12 months in individuals initiated on GLP1-RA in the program.
Method
This retrospective observational cohort study included adults with Class 3 obesity enrolled in a publicly funded multidisciplinary weight management program in Sydney from January 2018 to June 2024. Participants completed the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire Short (EDE-QS), Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) at baseline and 12-months.
Results
Among 666 participants, 59 (9%) were on GLP1-RA at baseline, with no significant differences in EDE-QS, K10, or DASS-21 scores compared to those not on GLP1-RA. Of 203 participants not on a GLP1-RA at baseline and having 12-month data, 31 (15.3%) initiated GLP1-RA treatment, with the majority on semaglutide 1 mg and a mean duration of use of 7.1 ± 3.7 months. Those initiated on GLP1-RA had a significant reduction in median weight, from 131.0 (118.7–149.6) kg at baseline to 120.0 (109.2–135.3) kg at 12 months, p < 0.001. There were no statistically significant changes in EDE-QS, K10, and DASS-21 scores from baseline to 12 months, and none stopped GLP1-RA due to ED symptoms or psychological distress.
Discussion
This study suggests that GLP1-RAs may not significantly worsen ED risk or psychological distress in adults with Class 3 obesity.
{"title":"Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy on Eating Disorder Risk and Psychological Distress in Adults With Class 3 Obesity","authors":"Sian Maynard, Phillipa Hay, Ritesh Chimoriya, Pamela Acosta Reyes, Kathy Grudzinskas, Nic Kormas, Milan K. Piya","doi":"10.1002/eat.24575","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24575","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eating disorders (ED) and psychological distress are highly prevalent in individuals with Class 3 obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). With the increasing use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA), concerns have emerged about the potential worsening of ED symptoms. This study aimed to compare ED risk and psychological distress in adults with Class 3 obesity: (1) between those already on GLP1-RA and those not and (2) between baseline and 12 months in individuals initiated on GLP1-RA in the program.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective observational cohort study included adults with Class 3 obesity enrolled in a publicly funded multidisciplinary weight management program in Sydney from January 2018 to June 2024. Participants completed the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire Short (EDE-QS), Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) at baseline and 12-months.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 666 participants, 59 (9%) were on GLP1-RA at baseline, with no significant differences in EDE-QS, K10, or DASS-21 scores compared to those not on GLP1-RA. Of 203 participants not on a GLP1-RA at baseline and having 12-month data, 31 (15.3%) initiated GLP1-RA treatment, with the majority on semaglutide 1 mg and a mean duration of use of 7.1 ± 3.7 months. Those initiated on GLP1-RA had a significant reduction in median weight, from 131.0 (118.7–149.6) kg at baseline to 120.0 (109.2–135.3) kg at 12 months, <i>p</i> < 0.001. There were no statistically significant changes in EDE-QS, K10, and DASS-21 scores from baseline to 12 months, and none stopped GLP1-RA due to ED symptoms or psychological distress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study suggests that GLP1-RAs may not significantly worsen ED risk or psychological distress in adults with Class 3 obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"59 2","pages":"276-286"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145372815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emma Saure, Pyry N. Sipilä, Cynthia M. Bulik, Elina Santti, Heljä-Marja Surcel, Antti Latvala, Anu Raevuori
Objective
Prenatal exposures have been suggested to have a programming effect on neural and metabolic development, which may affect the risk of eating disorders. We investigated the association between prospectively measured maternal gestational high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), an established inflammatory biomarker, and subsequent risk of AN in daughters.
Method
This nested case–control study with sibling-comparison design used systematic sampling from a register-based cohort including all eating disorder patients in Finland born 1991–2000 and diagnosed in specialized health care. Final sample included 150 full triads of females with severe AN (ICD-10 code F50.0), age- and sex-matched population controls, and biological sister controls (total N = 450).
Results
Mean gestational hs-CRP values were 4.10 mg/L (SD 5.22), 4.83 mg/L (SD 4.88), and 5.53 mg/L (SD 10.36), for individuals with AN, population controls, and sister controls, respectively. Higher hs-CRP was associated with decreased risk for AN when compared to sister controls (adjusted OR 0.68, 95% Cl 0.48–0.97, p = 0.03). Analyzing hs-CRP in tertiles, maternal hs-CRP in the highest tertile (≥ 5.13 mg/L) versus lowest tertile (≤ 1.94 mg/L) was associated with decreased risk for AN compared to sisters (adjusted OR 0.35, 95% Cl 0.15–0.80, p = 0.01), and to all controls combined (adjusted OR 0.52, 95% Cl 0.29–0.93, p = 0.03).
Discussion
We found no evidence that higher gestational CRP would increase the later risk of AN. On the contrary, lower maternal low-grade inflammation early in pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of AN in daughters.
{"title":"Maternal Gestational Low-Grade Inflammation and the Risk of Anorexia Nervosa in Daughters","authors":"Emma Saure, Pyry N. Sipilä, Cynthia M. Bulik, Elina Santti, Heljä-Marja Surcel, Antti Latvala, Anu Raevuori","doi":"10.1002/eat.24586","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24586","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prenatal exposures have been suggested to have a programming effect on neural and metabolic development, which may affect the risk of eating disorders. We investigated the association between prospectively measured maternal gestational high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), an established inflammatory biomarker, and subsequent risk of AN in daughters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This nested case–control study with sibling-comparison design used systematic sampling from a register-based cohort including all eating disorder patients in Finland born 1991–2000 and diagnosed in specialized health care. Final sample included 150 full triads of females with severe AN (ICD-10 code F50.0), age- and sex-matched population controls, and biological sister controls (total <i>N</i> = 450).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mean gestational hs-CRP values were 4.10 mg/L (SD 5.22), 4.83 mg/L (SD 4.88), and 5.53 mg/L (SD 10.36), for individuals with AN, population controls, and sister controls, respectively. Higher hs-CRP was associated with decreased risk for AN when compared to sister controls (adjusted OR 0.68, 95% Cl 0.48–0.97, <i>p</i> = 0.03). Analyzing hs-CRP in tertiles, maternal hs-CRP in the highest tertile (≥ 5.13 mg/L) versus lowest tertile (≤ 1.94 mg/L) was associated with decreased risk for AN compared to sisters (adjusted OR 0.35, 95% Cl 0.15–0.80, <i>p</i> = 0.01), and to all controls combined (adjusted OR 0.52, 95% Cl 0.29–0.93, <i>p</i> = 0.03).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found no evidence that higher gestational CRP would increase the later risk of AN. On the contrary, lower maternal low-grade inflammation early in pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of AN in daughters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"59 2","pages":"401-406"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12884243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145356494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In her commentary Dietary Restraint Fallacy, Jansen argues that the theory linking dietary restraint to binge eating and weight gain can be dismissed as a “fallacy.” This conclusion is largely drawn from Grilo and Pittman, who found that rigid restraint was associated with reduced binge frequency and greater weight loss. We contend that dietary restraint remains a profoundly complex and unsettled issue, with implications for weight regain and eating disorder prevention. Importantly, the three Commentaries on Grilo and Pittman were invited simultaneously. Readers encountering only one of them may not realize that these papers were designed to present contrasting viewpoints. In this Commentary, we stress why restraint theory cannot be dismissed wholesale, highlight the need for integration between obesity and eating disorders fields, and emphasize that premature simplifications risk distorting both scientific understanding and clinical practice.
{"title":"Dietary Restraint: Far Too Complex to Dismiss as a Fallacy","authors":"Marle Alvarenga, César Moraes","doi":"10.1002/eat.24582","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24582","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In her commentary <i>Dietary Restraint Fallacy</i>, Jansen argues that the theory linking dietary restraint to binge eating and weight gain can be dismissed as a “fallacy.” This conclusion is largely drawn from Grilo and Pittman, who found that rigid restraint was associated with reduced binge frequency and greater weight loss. We contend that dietary restraint remains a profoundly complex and unsettled issue, with implications for weight regain and eating disorder prevention. Importantly, the three Commentaries on Grilo and Pittman were invited simultaneously. Readers encountering only one of them may not realize that these papers were designed to present contrasting viewpoints. In this Commentary, we stress why restraint theory cannot be dismissed wholesale, highlight the need for integration between obesity and eating disorders fields, and emphasize that premature simplifications risk distorting both scientific understanding and clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"59 2","pages":"233-235"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12884230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145356478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julia Nannt, Mechteld M. van den Hoek Ostende, Brunna Tuschen-Caffier, Markus Heinrichs, Daniel Sippel, Manfred Hallschmid, Jennifer Svaldi
Objective
Binge eating disorder (BED) is maintained by increased food-related incentive salience, which is reflected by an attentional bias for food. Oxytocin acutely attenuates this bias in patients with anorexia nervosa and reduces food intake in males with normal or increased body weight. However, results in individuals with BED have been inconclusive. We assessed the acute effect of oxytocin on food stimulus processing and reward-driven eating behavior in females with or without BED in a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study.
Method
Females with BED (n = 48) and female control participants with overweight (n = 46) or normal weight (n = 40) received intranasal oxytocin (24 IU) and, respectively, placebo, after an overnight fast and a standardized breakfast. In participants with a natural menstrual cycle, sessions were scheduled during consecutive luteal phases. Participants completed a food-related dot-probe task with concurrent eye tracking and a bogus taste test measuring snack intake.
Results
Oxytocin compared to placebo increased dwell time bias on food stimuli in the BED relative to the overweight control group, in which this effect was reversed. Contrary to our hypothesis, oxytocin increased calorie intake across groups. Exploratory analyses indicated that the latter effect focused on females taking hormonal contraception.
Discussion
These results indicate disorder- and, respectively, sex-specific effects of oxytocin on food-related incentive salience and food intake and point to a role of oxytocin in binge eating pathology. They moreover suggest that sex hormones determine the acute effect of oxytocin on eating behavior in females.
{"title":"Oxytocin Effects on Food Stimulus Processing and Food Intake in Females With or Without Binge Eating Disorder","authors":"Julia Nannt, Mechteld M. van den Hoek Ostende, Brunna Tuschen-Caffier, Markus Heinrichs, Daniel Sippel, Manfred Hallschmid, Jennifer Svaldi","doi":"10.1002/eat.24566","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24566","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Binge eating disorder (BED) is maintained by increased food-related incentive salience, which is reflected by an attentional bias for food. Oxytocin acutely attenuates this bias in patients with anorexia nervosa and reduces food intake in males with normal or increased body weight. However, results in individuals with BED have been inconclusive. We assessed the acute effect of oxytocin on food stimulus processing and reward-driven eating behavior in females with or without BED in a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Females with BED (<i>n</i> = 48) and female control participants with overweight (<i>n</i> = 46) or normal weight (<i>n</i> = 40) received intranasal oxytocin (24 IU) and, respectively, placebo, after an overnight fast and a standardized breakfast. In participants with a natural menstrual cycle, sessions were scheduled during consecutive luteal phases. Participants completed a food-related dot-probe task with concurrent eye tracking and a bogus taste test measuring snack intake.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Oxytocin compared to placebo increased dwell time bias on food stimuli in the BED relative to the overweight control group, in which this effect was reversed. Contrary to our hypothesis, oxytocin increased calorie intake across groups. Exploratory analyses indicated that the latter effect focused on females taking hormonal contraception.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results indicate disorder- and, respectively, sex-specific effects of oxytocin on food-related incentive salience and food intake and point to a role of oxytocin in binge eating pathology. They moreover suggest that sex hormones determine the acute effect of oxytocin on eating behavior in females.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"59 2","pages":"249-259"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12884240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145356500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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