Pamela K. Keel, Lindsay P. Bodell, Jonathan Appelbaum, Diana L. Williams
Background
Formation of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) subcommittees combined with recently approved coding designations for bulimia nervosa (BN) in partial remission highlights the need to examine the validity of the threshold that distinguishes BN from other specified feeding or eating disorders (OSFED) BN of low frequency and/or limited duration (OSFED-BN).
Methods
Women (N = 344) who met DSM-5 criteria for BN (n = 153) or OSFED-BN (n = 118) or had no lifetime eating disorder symptoms (n = 78) completed assessments of height, weight, weight history, percent body fat, structured clinical interviews for DSM-5 disorders, suicidality, trauma, and treatment histories, and self-report questionnaires covering a range of validators related to eating disorders, psychological traits, and general psychopathology. Comparisons across groups tested the validity of OSFED-BN and whether prior history of DSM-5 BN impacted evidence of its clinical significance and distinctiveness.
Results
Lower frequency of binge eating was the primary reason for diagnosis of OSFED-BN vs. BN; more than 80% of those with OSFED-BN met or exceeded frequency and duration criteria for inappropriate compensatory behaviors. The current DSM-5 threshold distinguishing BN from its OSFED variant or from BN in partial remission produced few differences relative to several large differences observed for comparisons of these diagnostic groups and non-eating disorder controls.
Discussion
Despite being associated with distinct DSM-5 diagnostic codes, BN, BN in partial remission, and OSFED-BN appear to represent a single condition that may, at most, capture some dimensional differences in severity. Findings support lowering the current minimum frequency thresholds for diagnosing BN.
{"title":"Clinical Significance and Distinctiveness of DSM-5 Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder-Bulimia Nervosa of Low Frequency and/or Limited Duration in Women","authors":"Pamela K. Keel, Lindsay P. Bodell, Jonathan Appelbaum, Diana L. Williams","doi":"10.1002/eat.24580","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24580","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Formation of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) subcommittees combined with recently approved coding designations for bulimia nervosa (BN) in partial remission highlights the need to examine the validity of the threshold that distinguishes BN from other specified feeding or eating disorders (OSFED) BN of low frequency and/or limited duration (OSFED-BN).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Women (<i>N</i> = 344) who met DSM-5 criteria for BN (<i>n</i> = 153) or OSFED-BN (<i>n</i> = 118) or had no lifetime eating disorder symptoms (<i>n</i> = 78) completed assessments of height, weight, weight history, percent body fat, structured clinical interviews for DSM-5 disorders, suicidality, trauma, and treatment histories, and self-report questionnaires covering a range of validators related to eating disorders, psychological traits, and general psychopathology. Comparisons across groups tested the validity of OSFED-BN and whether prior history of DSM-5 BN impacted evidence of its clinical significance and distinctiveness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lower frequency of binge eating was the primary reason for diagnosis of OSFED-BN vs. BN; more than 80% of those with OSFED-BN met or exceeded frequency and duration criteria for inappropriate compensatory behaviors. The current DSM-5 threshold distinguishing BN from its OSFED variant or from BN in partial remission produced few differences relative to several large differences observed for comparisons of these diagnostic groups and non-eating disorder controls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite being associated with distinct DSM-5 diagnostic codes, BN, BN in partial remission, and OSFED-BN appear to represent a single condition that may, at most, capture some dimensional differences in severity. Findings support lowering the current minimum frequency thresholds for diagnosing BN.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"59 2","pages":"311-322"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145349776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tina Almukhtar, Karen Wynter, Josephine Power, Megan Galbally
Introduction
While community-based care is the focus for eating disorder treatment, those with acute and severe illness require inpatient options. During and following the pandemic, there has been noted a rising incidence and prevalence of these disorders; however, the impact on access to specialist inpatient care is unknown. This study investigates the demand for admissions to an adult acute Specialist Eating Disorder Inpatient Unit (SEDIU) in Australia by comparing changes in admission characteristics before, during and after the pandemic.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 212 patient admissions to a SEDIU over 2019–2023, before, during, and after the pandemic. Data included waitlist duration and care, patient characteristics and clinical and patient-reported outcome measures at admission and discharge.
Results
There was a significant increase in waitlist duration; mean duration post-pandemic more than doubled compared to pre-pandemic (p < 0.001). There was a notable rise in outpatient service and emergency department contacts during the waitlist period (p = 0.004 and p = 0.020, respectively). Although no significant differences were observed in physiological markers at admission, the number of comorbidities increased significantly from pre- to post-pandemic (p = 0.010).
Discussion
The increase in waitlist durations and number of comorbidities suggests an increasing demand on SEDIU services, highlighting the urgent need for enhanced resources and integration of eating disorder services.
Conclusion
This study provides insights into the challenges facing eating disorder services, emphasising the necessity for expanded capacity, models of care to engage and reduce barriers for those from minority backgrounds and ensuring expansion of access to early intervention to reduce growth in demand for hospitalisation for eating disorders. Addressing these challenges is vital to ensure timely support for patients with eating disorders.
{"title":"Evolving Profiles of Eating Disorder Admissions Before, During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Tina Almukhtar, Karen Wynter, Josephine Power, Megan Galbally","doi":"10.1002/eat.24581","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24581","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While community-based care is the focus for eating disorder treatment, those with acute and severe illness require inpatient options. During and following the pandemic, there has been noted a rising incidence and prevalence of these disorders; however, the impact on access to specialist inpatient care is unknown. This study investigates the demand for admissions to an adult acute Specialist Eating Disorder Inpatient Unit (SEDIU) in Australia by comparing changes in admission characteristics before, during and after the pandemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 212 patient admissions to a SEDIU over 2019–2023, before, during, and after the pandemic. Data included waitlist duration and care, patient characteristics and clinical and patient-reported outcome measures at admission and discharge.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was a significant increase in waitlist duration; mean duration post-pandemic more than doubled compared to pre-pandemic (<i>p</i> < 0.001). There was a notable rise in outpatient service and emergency department contacts during the waitlist period (<i>p</i> = 0.004 and <i>p</i> = 0.020, respectively). Although no significant differences were observed in physiological markers at admission, the number of comorbidities increased significantly from pre- to post-pandemic (<i>p</i> = 0.010).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The increase in waitlist durations and number of comorbidities suggests an increasing demand on SEDIU services, highlighting the urgent need for enhanced resources and integration of eating disorder services.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study provides insights into the challenges facing eating disorder services, emphasising the necessity for expanded capacity, models of care to engage and reduce barriers for those from minority backgrounds and ensuring expansion of access to early intervention to reduce growth in demand for hospitalisation for eating disorders. Addressing these challenges is vital to ensure timely support for patients with eating disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"59 2","pages":"323-331"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145349812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Maas, S. Franssen, M. Petkovic, S. Cardona Cano, A. E. Dingemans, A. M. van Oosterzee, M. C. T. Slof-Op ’t Landt, E. Talavera Martinez, C. M. J. M. Vreeswijk, M. Simeunovic-Ostojic
Objective
This study explored eating disorder and Artificial Intelligence (AI) professionals' perspectives on how AI might support eating disorder treatment. Successful implementation requires insight into implementation partners' perspectives.
Method
This study is an explorative qualitative analysis of two interdisciplinary focus groups (consisting of 22 eating disorder and AI professionals in total). Qualitative analysis with ATLAS.ti using a hybrid thematic analysis approach combined deductive coding with inductive theme development. The groups discussed (1) the opportunities and challenges—including ethical and safety considerations—of AI in eating disorder care, and (2) the types of evidence and evaluation frameworks required for adoption in practice.
Results
Themes were categorized into “opportunities,” “challenges,” “concerns,” “solutions,” and “evidence needed.” Opportunities focused on AI's potential to enhance efficiency, support treatment delivery and monitoring, and reduce human error. Challenges concerned barriers to adoption in clinical practice, responsibility, and explainability. Concerns included ethical and legal risks, also related to data sharing. Proposed solutions emphasized the need for human oversight, cross-sector collaboration, and clinician training. With regard to evidence needed, participants mentioned safety and accuracy, and the need for scientific testing and validation.
Discussion
This study highlighted the potential and complexity of integrating AI into eating disorder care from the viewpoint of eating disorder and AI professionals. While there is value in AI in improving efficiency and clinical support, successful implementation requires addressing ethical concerns, legal uncertainty, and infrastructural barriers. Collaboration across disciplines, rigorous validation, and clinician involvement are essential to ensure that AI applications are safe, meaningful, and ethically sound.
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Eating Disorder Treatment: A Qualitative Analysis of Clinical Opportunities, Barriers, and Ethical Considerations From Multi-Disciplinary Focus Groups","authors":"J. Maas, S. Franssen, M. Petkovic, S. Cardona Cano, A. E. Dingemans, A. M. van Oosterzee, M. C. T. Slof-Op ’t Landt, E. Talavera Martinez, C. M. J. M. Vreeswijk, M. Simeunovic-Ostojic","doi":"10.1002/eat.24579","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24579","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explored eating disorder and Artificial Intelligence (AI) professionals' perspectives on how AI might support eating disorder treatment. Successful implementation requires insight into implementation partners' perspectives.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study is an explorative qualitative analysis of two interdisciplinary focus groups (consisting of 22 eating disorder and AI professionals in total). Qualitative analysis with ATLAS.ti using a hybrid thematic analysis approach combined deductive coding with inductive theme development. The groups discussed (1) the opportunities and challenges—including ethical and safety considerations—of AI in eating disorder care, and (2) the types of evidence and evaluation frameworks required for adoption in practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Themes were categorized into “opportunities,” “challenges,” “concerns,” “solutions,” and “evidence needed.” Opportunities focused on AI's potential to enhance efficiency, support treatment delivery and monitoring, and reduce human error. Challenges concerned barriers to adoption in clinical practice, responsibility, and explainability. Concerns included ethical and legal risks, also related to data sharing. Proposed solutions emphasized the need for human oversight, cross-sector collaboration, and clinician training. With regard to evidence needed, participants mentioned safety and accuracy, and the need for scientific testing and validation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study highlighted the potential and complexity of integrating AI into eating disorder care from the viewpoint of eating disorder and AI professionals. While there is value in AI in improving efficiency and clinical support, successful implementation requires addressing ethical concerns, legal uncertainty, and infrastructural barriers. Collaboration across disciplines, rigorous validation, and clinician involvement are essential to ensure that AI applications are safe, meaningful, and ethically sound.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"59 2","pages":"299-310"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12884252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hunna J. Watson, Katherine Schaumberg, Laura M. Thornton, Hannah L. Kennedy, Shu H. Ong, Preston Roche, Wesley R. Barnhart, Sian B. Pauley-Gadd, Kayla Costello, Rachael E. Flatt, Andreas Birgegård, Lisa Dinkler, Afrouz Abbaspour, Emma Forsén Mantilla, Elin Monell, Emma M. Frans, Sarah Barakat, Michaela A. Pettie, Richard Parker, Sarah Maguire, Jennifer Jordan, Martin A. Kennedy, Cynthia M. Bulik
<div> <section> <h3> Objective</h3> <p>Maladaptive exercise (ME), problematic attitudes or behaviors related to physical activity, is often observed in eating disorders (EDs), but its prevalence, severity, and relationships with ED features remain incompletely characterized. This study aimed to describe lifetime and current ME across ED diagnoses, examine associations with ED symptoms, sociodemographic characteristics, and weight status, and compare ME phenotypes to identify those most strongly linked to ED features.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>ME was assessed in 31,671 individuals with lifetime EDs (anorexia nervosa [AN], bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder [BED]) recruited to sites in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Sweden as part of the Eating Disorders Genetics Initiative (NCT04378101). We examined one lifetime ME phenotype, capturing any occurrence of ME across the lifespan (derived from the ED100K), and five current ME phenotypes (any driven exercise [Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire, EDE-Q], frequency of driven exercise [EDE-Q], regular driven exercise [EDE-Q], compulsive exercise test [CET] total, and dichotomous compulsive exercise [CET]).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Lifetime ME was highly prevalent across countries and ED diagnoses (pooled prevalence 88%). Current ME was also common (40% any driven exercise, 35% compulsive exercise, and 12% regular driven exercise), highest in AN and lowest, but notable, in BED. CET-based phenotypes showed the strongest association with ED symptoms, while EDE-Q-derived regular driven exercise was most strongly associated with underweight (BMI < 18.5). Younger generations exhibited a higher ME risk, likely reflecting societal shifts in body ideals and fitness culture.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Discussion</h3> <p>This large, multicountry study demonstrates that ME is highly prevalent across EDs, often emerges early, and can persist or recur for decades. Prevalence and severity vary considerably by assessment method. The ED100K, CET, and EDE-Q capture complementary aspects of ME, and incorporating all three may improve clinical care. We recommend that clinicians assess both current and lifetime ME in all patients with EDs. Routine, harmonized assessment will be essential to advancing research and improving patient outcomes.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Trial Registration</h3> <p>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04378101</p>
{"title":"Maladaptive Exercise in People With a Lifetime History of Eating Disorders: A Multicountry Observational Study","authors":"Hunna J. Watson, Katherine Schaumberg, Laura M. Thornton, Hannah L. Kennedy, Shu H. Ong, Preston Roche, Wesley R. Barnhart, Sian B. Pauley-Gadd, Kayla Costello, Rachael E. Flatt, Andreas Birgegård, Lisa Dinkler, Afrouz Abbaspour, Emma Forsén Mantilla, Elin Monell, Emma M. Frans, Sarah Barakat, Michaela A. Pettie, Richard Parker, Sarah Maguire, Jennifer Jordan, Martin A. Kennedy, Cynthia M. Bulik","doi":"10.1002/eat.24563","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24563","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maladaptive exercise (ME), problematic attitudes or behaviors related to physical activity, is often observed in eating disorders (EDs), but its prevalence, severity, and relationships with ED features remain incompletely characterized. This study aimed to describe lifetime and current ME across ED diagnoses, examine associations with ED symptoms, sociodemographic characteristics, and weight status, and compare ME phenotypes to identify those most strongly linked to ED features.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ME was assessed in 31,671 individuals with lifetime EDs (anorexia nervosa [AN], bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder [BED]) recruited to sites in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Sweden as part of the Eating Disorders Genetics Initiative (NCT04378101). We examined one lifetime ME phenotype, capturing any occurrence of ME across the lifespan (derived from the ED100K), and five current ME phenotypes (any driven exercise [Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire, EDE-Q], frequency of driven exercise [EDE-Q], regular driven exercise [EDE-Q], compulsive exercise test [CET] total, and dichotomous compulsive exercise [CET]).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lifetime ME was highly prevalent across countries and ED diagnoses (pooled prevalence 88%). Current ME was also common (40% any driven exercise, 35% compulsive exercise, and 12% regular driven exercise), highest in AN and lowest, but notable, in BED. CET-based phenotypes showed the strongest association with ED symptoms, while EDE-Q-derived regular driven exercise was most strongly associated with underweight (BMI < 18.5). Younger generations exhibited a higher ME risk, likely reflecting societal shifts in body ideals and fitness culture.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This large, multicountry study demonstrates that ME is highly prevalent across EDs, often emerges early, and can persist or recur for decades. Prevalence and severity vary considerably by assessment method. The ED100K, CET, and EDE-Q capture complementary aspects of ME, and incorporating all three may improve clinical care. We recommend that clinicians assess both current and lifetime ME in all patients with EDs. Routine, harmonized assessment will be essential to advancing research and improving patient outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04378101</p>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"59 1","pages":"190-204"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12594026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isabelle Garcia-Fischer, Sophie R. Abber, Casey Silvernale, Jonathon Rodis, Helen Burton-Murray, Kyle Staller
Objective
Individuals with connective tissue disorders (CTDs) commonly experience gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms resulting from disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) and may attempt to manage GI distress with dietary restriction. Among adults with CTDs, we aimed to: (1) identify the prevalence and characteristics of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) symptoms (ARFID+) and other eating disorder (e.g., anorexia nervosa, binge eating disorder, etc.) symptoms (Other-ED+), and (2) explore the relationship between GI symptom severity and ARFID+/Other-ED+.
Method
Participants (N = 205; ages 18–71 years; 94% female) completed surveys to assess ARFID+/Other-ED+, likely DGBI diagnoses, and GI symptom severity. We calculated the prevalence of ARFID+/Other-ED+ and likely DGBI and compared the demographics and symptom severity of those with vs. without ARFID+ or Other-ED+. We tested whether upper and/or lower GI symptom severity was associated with the presence of: (1) Other-ED+ or (2) ARFID+, controlling for age.
Results
Likely DGBI were common in CTDs (89%), as were Other-ED+ (50.2%) with lower frequency of ARFID+ (18%). While controlling for age, lower GI symptom severity was associated with odds of Other-ED+, but not ARFID+.
Discussion
Clinically significant Other-ED+ were 3× more prevalent than ARFID+ in adults with CTD, possibly driven by heightened lower GI symptom severity. Future research should clarify the temporality of Other-ED+ onset in the context of CTDs and relation to GI symptoms.
目的：患有结缔组织疾病（CTDs）的个体通常会经历由肠-脑相互作用障碍（DGBI）引起的胃肠道（GI）症状，并可能试图通过饮食限制来控制胃肠道不适。在成年CTDs患者中，我们的目的是：(1)确定回避/限制性食物摄入障碍（ARFID）症状（ARFID+）和其他饮食障碍（如神经性厌食症、暴食症等）症状（other - ed +）的患病率和特征；(2)探讨GI症状严重程度与ARFID+/ other - ed +的关系。方法：参与者（N = 205，年龄18-71岁，94%为女性）完成调查，评估ARFID+/Other-ED+、可能的DGBI诊断和GI症状严重程度。我们计算了ARFID+/Other-ED+和可能的DGBI的患病率，并比较了ARFID+或Other-ED+患者与非ARFID+或Other-ED+患者的人口统计学特征和症状严重程度。我们测试了上消化道和/或下消化道症状严重程度是否与：(1)Other-ED+或(2)ARFID+的存在相关，控制年龄。结果：可能的DGBI在CTDs中很常见（89%），Other-ED+ (50.2%)， ARFID+的频率较低（18%）。在控制年龄的情况下，较低的胃肠道症状严重程度与Other-ED+的几率相关，但与ARFID+无关。讨论：临床意义上的Other-ED+在成年CTD患者中的发病率是ARFID+的3倍，可能是由于下消化道症状严重程度升高所致。未来的研究应明确CTDs背景下Other-ED+发病的时间及其与胃肠道症状的关系。
{"title":"Exploring Transdiagnostic Eating Disorder Symptoms and Disorder of Gut-Brain Interaction Symptoms in Individuals With Connective Tissue Disorders","authors":"Isabelle Garcia-Fischer, Sophie R. Abber, Casey Silvernale, Jonathon Rodis, Helen Burton-Murray, Kyle Staller","doi":"10.1002/eat.24576","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24576","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individuals with connective tissue disorders (CTDs) commonly experience gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms resulting from disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) and may attempt to manage GI distress with dietary restriction. Among adults with CTDs, we aimed to: (1) identify the prevalence and characteristics of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) symptoms (ARFID+) and other eating disorder (e.g., anorexia nervosa, binge eating disorder, etc.) symptoms (Other-ED+), and (2) explore the relationship between GI symptom severity and ARFID+/Other-ED+.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants (<i>N</i> = 205; ages 18–71 years; 94% female) completed surveys to assess ARFID+/Other-ED+, likely DGBI diagnoses, and GI symptom severity. We calculated the prevalence of ARFID+/Other-ED+ and likely DGBI and compared the demographics and symptom severity of those with vs. without ARFID+ or Other-ED+. We tested whether upper and/or lower GI symptom severity was associated with the presence of: (1) Other-ED+ or (2) ARFID+, controlling for age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Likely DGBI were common in CTDs (89%), as were Other-ED+ (50.2%) with lower frequency of ARFID+ (18%). While controlling for age, lower GI symptom severity was associated with odds of Other-ED+, but not ARFID+.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinically significant Other-ED+ were 3× more prevalent than ARFID+ in adults with CTD, possibly driven by heightened lower GI symptom severity. Future research should clarify the temporality of Other-ED+ onset in the context of CTDs and relation to GI symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"59 1","pages":"211-220"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To examine the case for de-centering weight in the diagnosis of both anorexia nervosa (AN) and atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN).
Method
We summarized research examining the weight-based similarities and differences between AN and AAN as well as how weight is measured and discussed in research on AAN.
Results
We suggest that weight-based differences in the diagnosis of AN and AAN may unintentionally perpetuate weight stigma experienced by individuals with AAN throughout the diagnostic and treatment processes. We extend the work of previous researchers by considering how AAN and AN might be considered as one disorder that occurs across the weight spectrum, with presentation and severity specifiers that remove a focus on BMI and enable more equitable access to care for those with AAN.
Discussion
We propose further examination and scholarly discussion for the conceptualization of AN and AAN as one disorder that occurs across the weight spectrum.
{"title":"A Weight-Inclusive Approach to Restrictive Eating Disorders: De-Centering Weight","authors":"Sarah Nutter, Sage DaSilva, Jessica F. Saunders","doi":"10.1002/eat.24583","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24583","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine the case for de-centering weight in the diagnosis of both anorexia nervosa (AN) and atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We summarized research examining the weight-based similarities and differences between AN and AAN as well as how weight is measured and discussed in research on AAN.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We suggest that weight-based differences in the diagnosis of AN and AAN may unintentionally perpetuate weight stigma experienced by individuals with AAN throughout the diagnostic and treatment processes. We extend the work of previous researchers by considering how AAN and AN might be considered as one disorder that occurs across the weight spectrum, with presentation and severity specifiers that remove a focus on BMI and enable more equitable access to care for those with AAN.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We propose further examination and scholarly discussion for the conceptualization of AN and AAN as one disorder that occurs across the weight spectrum.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"59 2","pages":"228-232"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12884220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. C. Thelen, N. Andreani, N. M. Korten, M. Neumann, V. Verspohl, M. van Egmond, L. Kneisel, C. Voelz, L. Blischke, J. F. Baines, J. Baier, J. Schumacher, F. Kiessling, B. Herpertz-Dahlmann, C. Beyer, L. Keller, J. Seitz, S. Trinh
Objective
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder associated with brain volume reduction, glial cell loss, microbiome alterations, and dysregulated pro-inflammatory mechanisms. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain inadequately elucidated, and interventions addressing these alterations are lacking.
Method
This study employed a chronic activity-based anorexia (ABA) rat model to investigate hippocampal glial and neuronal cell alterations, inflammation, and microbial modifications in the gut. Omega-3 fatty acids and a multi-strain probiotic were examined as potentially protective agents. Cell count, proliferation, and apoptosis rates of microglia, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes were analyzed in the hippocampus. Furthermore, local gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and microRNA was measured. The hippocampal volume was determined longitudinally using 7-Tesla MRI scans before and after starvation. Finally, the fecal microbiome was analyzed to identify potential associations with brain and clinical characteristics.
Results
Results confirmed the previously described reduction in astrocytes and newly demonstrated a decrease in oligodendrocytes in the hippocampus. Increased levels of IBA1-positive cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines suggest microglial activation in this region. Administering omega-3 and probiotics to starved animals reduced neuroinflammation and microglial activation in the hippocampus, resulting in significantly increased neuronal cell counts in the omega-3 group. Microbiome composition was primarily affected by the ABA model, and to a lesser extent by omega-3 and probiotics.
Discussion
These findings support the involvement of microglial activation in the pathogenesis of AN, potentially relevant to hippocampal re-learning and thus important for psychotherapy. Further, omega-3 and probiotics may serve as adjunct therapeutic strategies by modifying inflammation.
{"title":"The Influence of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Probiotics on Hippocampal Inflammation and Glial Cells in a Chronic Anorexia Nervosa Rat Model","authors":"A. C. Thelen, N. Andreani, N. M. Korten, M. Neumann, V. Verspohl, M. van Egmond, L. Kneisel, C. Voelz, L. Blischke, J. F. Baines, J. Baier, J. Schumacher, F. Kiessling, B. Herpertz-Dahlmann, C. Beyer, L. Keller, J. Seitz, S. Trinh","doi":"10.1002/eat.24574","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24574","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder associated with brain volume reduction, glial cell loss, microbiome alterations, and dysregulated pro-inflammatory mechanisms. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain inadequately elucidated, and interventions addressing these alterations are lacking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study employed a chronic activity-based anorexia (ABA) rat model to investigate hippocampal glial and neuronal cell alterations, inflammation, and microbial modifications in the gut. Omega-3 fatty acids and a multi-strain probiotic were examined as potentially protective agents. Cell count, proliferation, and apoptosis rates of microglia, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes were analyzed in the hippocampus. Furthermore, local gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and microRNA was measured. The hippocampal volume was determined longitudinally using 7-Tesla MRI scans before and after starvation. Finally, the fecal microbiome was analyzed to identify potential associations with brain and clinical characteristics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results confirmed the previously described reduction in astrocytes and newly demonstrated a decrease in oligodendrocytes in the hippocampus. Increased levels of IBA1-positive cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines suggest microglial activation in this region. Administering omega-3 and probiotics to starved animals reduced neuroinflammation and microglial activation in the hippocampus, resulting in significantly increased neuronal cell counts in the omega-3 group. Microbiome composition was primarily affected by the ABA model, and to a lesser extent by omega-3 and probiotics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings support the involvement of microglial activation in the pathogenesis of AN, potentially relevant to hippocampal re-learning and thus important for psychotherapy. Further, omega-3 and probiotics may serve as adjunct therapeutic strategies by modifying inflammation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"59 2","pages":"260-275"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eat.24574","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Existing evidence on eating disorders (EDs) among migrant groups across the Global North is sparse and mixed, possibly reflecting the heterogeneity of these populations. This qualitative study explored experiences among patients with a migration background in Swedish specialist ED treatment, with a focus on barriers to treatment, resources, and needs.
Method
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 adult patients self-identifying as having a migration background, that is, being a first-generation migrant or a child of migrants. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes in the data. The study protocol was preregistered at osf.io/acfdy.
Results
Thirteen themes were identified, describing various ways in which cultural and structural aspects of food and eating, body ideals, and treatment seeking affect participants' health. These include experiences of food as community and food insecurity, negotiations of body ideals as persons of color and within a family honor context, ways of relating to mental illness in migrant communities, and a prevailing view of EDs as a White concern within a racially and ethnically homogenous treatment setting. Suggestions for treatment adaptation and community outreach were also made.
Discussion
This qualitative study points to numerous barriers that limit access to adequate treatment for migrant patients in Sweden. Participants called for culturally and structurally informed approaches that recognize the constraints that typically affect migrant communities. There is a need for community outreach efforts that engage in active dialogue with underserved populations.
{"title":"“This Is Not My Food”: Exploring Experiences Among Patients With a Migration Background in Specialist Eating Disorder Treatment in Sweden","authors":"Mattias Strand, Elisabeth Welch, Sofie Bäärnhielm","doi":"10.1002/eat.24578","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24578","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Existing evidence on eating disorders (EDs) among migrant groups across the Global North is sparse and mixed, possibly reflecting the heterogeneity of these populations. This qualitative study explored experiences among patients with a migration background in Swedish specialist ED treatment, with a focus on barriers to treatment, resources, and needs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 adult patients self-identifying as having a migration background, that is, being a first-generation migrant or a child of migrants. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes in the data. The study protocol was preregistered at osf.io/acfdy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirteen themes were identified, describing various ways in which cultural and structural aspects of food and eating, body ideals, and treatment seeking affect participants' health. These include experiences of food as community and food insecurity, negotiations of body ideals as persons of color and within a family honor context, ways of relating to mental illness in migrant communities, and a prevailing view of EDs as a White concern within a racially and ethnically homogenous treatment setting. Suggestions for treatment adaptation and community outreach were also made.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This qualitative study points to numerous barriers that limit access to adequate treatment for migrant patients in Sweden. Participants called for culturally and structurally informed approaches that recognize the constraints that typically affect migrant communities. There is a need for community outreach efforts that engage in active dialogue with underserved populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"59 2","pages":"287-298"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12884224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jamal H. Essayli, Kaitlin A. Hill, Hana F. Zickgraf, Lauren N. Forrest, Cheri A. Levinson
Objective
Anxiety about weight gain is a central feature of eating disorders (EDs) and plays a key role in maintaining ED symptomatology. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) experts have observed that patients with EDs often believe regular eating will lead to immediate, dramatic, and/or uncontrollable weight gain, prompting interventions like “collaborative weighing” and “open weighing” that help patients develop a realistic understanding of eating-weight relationships. However, patients also report anxiety about the consequences of weight gain (e.g., social rejection, self-hatred, permanent body dissatisfaction). While various CBT interventions address concerns about the consequences of weight gain, we propose that open weighing sessions—when patients confront weight increases and process accompanying emotional responses—provide underutilized therapeutic opportunities to work with these beliefs in real-time.
Method
This paper outlines three clinical enhancements that systematically leverage open weighing sessions to address consequence-related beliefs: (1) identifying catastrophic beliefs about weight gain consequences through guided inquiry, (2) integrating cognitive restructuring by framing weight restoration as a behavioral experiment, and (3) combining in vivo weighing with imaginal exposure to feared weight gain consequences.
Results
These enhancements may provide complementary techniques for capitalizing on patients' real-time emotional activation during weighing, potentially enhancing existing CBT protocols' effectiveness in addressing a key mechanism underlying restrictive EDs.
Discussion
Future research might include randomized controlled trials comparing various weighing approaches, mixed-methods evaluations exploring weight-related fears across ED diagnoses and weight status, and mechanistic studies examining how addressing consequence-related beliefs improves treatment outcomes.
{"title":"Expanding the Scope of Open Weighing to Target Anxiety About the Consequences of Weight Gain in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Eating Disorders","authors":"Jamal H. Essayli, Kaitlin A. Hill, Hana F. Zickgraf, Lauren N. Forrest, Cheri A. Levinson","doi":"10.1002/eat.24571","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24571","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anxiety about weight gain is a central feature of eating disorders (EDs) and plays a key role in maintaining ED symptomatology. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) experts have observed that patients with EDs often believe regular eating will lead to immediate, dramatic, and/or uncontrollable weight gain, prompting interventions like “collaborative weighing” and “open weighing” that help patients develop a realistic understanding of eating-weight relationships. However, patients also report anxiety about the <i>consequences</i> of weight gain (e.g., social rejection, self-hatred, permanent body dissatisfaction). While various CBT interventions address concerns about the consequences of weight gain, we propose that open weighing sessions—when patients confront weight increases and process accompanying emotional responses—provide underutilized therapeutic opportunities to work with these beliefs in real-time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper outlines three clinical enhancements that systematically leverage open weighing sessions to address consequence-related beliefs: (1) identifying catastrophic beliefs about weight gain consequences through guided inquiry, (2) integrating cognitive restructuring by framing weight restoration as a behavioral experiment, and (3) combining in vivo weighing with imaginal exposure to feared weight gain consequences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These enhancements may provide complementary techniques for capitalizing on patients' real-time emotional activation during weighing, potentially enhancing existing CBT protocols' effectiveness in addressing a key mechanism underlying restrictive EDs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Future research might include randomized controlled trials comparing various weighing approaches, mixed-methods evaluations exploring weight-related fears across ED diagnoses and weight status, and mechanistic studies examining how addressing consequence-related beliefs improves treatment outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"59 1","pages":"47-53"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eat.24571","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145304336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marianne Tokic, Georg Halbeisen, Karsten Braks, Thomas J. Huber, Nina Timmesfeld, Georgios Paslakis
Background
Restoring weight is a primary goal during anorexia nervosa (AN) treatment. Previous studies linked different weight gain profiles to treatment outcomes, but there is currently no consensus on profile shapes and numbers. We argue that heterogeneity stems from temporal distortions (“warping”) in weight gain, and that similar weight improvements can stretch over different time periods. We thus favor a novel non-parametric solution that accounts for warping to identify weight trajectories.
Method
Time series clustering with dynamic time warping (DTW) was used to identify weight change trajectories among N = 518 patients with AN during inpatient treatment. Within-person body-mass-index gain (∆ BMI) served as our primary dependent variable to identify clusters. We characterized clusters based on admission psychopathology scores, and analyzed associations of cluster affiliation with changes in clinical outcomes between admission and discharge using linear and logistic models.
Results
We identified four distinct clusters, with n = 76 patients showing initial weight gain (Cluster 1), n = 329 showing continuous weight gain (Cluster 2), n = 70 showing initial weight loss and recovery (Cluster 3), and n = 43 showing weight loss (Cluster 4). The four clusters differed in terms of admission BMI, psychopathology scores, and days spent in treatment, and cluster assignment predicted treatment outcomes.
Conclusion
Using one of the largest hitherto examined samples for weight gain profile analysis, the novel DTW-based approach provided an overall more elaborated set of outcome-predictive profiles compared to previous studies, which could help inform individualized treatment strategies and allocate therapeutic resources efficiently.
{"title":"Weight Trajectories During Inpatient Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa: A Dynamic Time Warp Analysis","authors":"Marianne Tokic, Georg Halbeisen, Karsten Braks, Thomas J. Huber, Nina Timmesfeld, Georgios Paslakis","doi":"10.1002/eat.24573","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24573","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Restoring weight is a primary goal during anorexia nervosa (AN) treatment. Previous studies linked different weight gain profiles to treatment outcomes, but there is currently no consensus on profile shapes and numbers. We argue that heterogeneity stems from temporal distortions (“warping”) in weight gain, and that similar weight improvements can stretch over different time periods. We thus favor a novel non-parametric solution that accounts for warping to identify weight trajectories.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Time series clustering with dynamic time warping (DTW) was used to identify weight change trajectories among <i>N</i> = 518 patients with AN during inpatient treatment. Within-person body-mass-index gain (∆ BMI) served as our primary dependent variable to identify clusters. We characterized clusters based on admission psychopathology scores, and analyzed associations of cluster affiliation with changes in clinical outcomes between admission and discharge using linear and logistic models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified four distinct clusters, with <i>n</i> = 76 patients showing initial weight gain (Cluster 1), <i>n</i> = 329 showing continuous weight gain (Cluster 2), <i>n</i> = 70 showing initial weight loss and recovery (Cluster 3), and <i>n</i> = 43 showing weight loss (Cluster 4). The four clusters differed in terms of admission BMI, psychopathology scores, and days spent in treatment, and cluster assignment predicted treatment outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using one of the largest hitherto examined samples for weight gain profile analysis, the novel DTW-based approach provided an overall more elaborated set of outcome-predictive profiles compared to previous studies, which could help inform individualized treatment strategies and allocate therapeutic resources efficiently.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"59 1","pages":"169-178"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eat.24573","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145294354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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