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Infinitesimal conformal restriction and unitarizing measures for Virasoro algebra Virasoro代数的无穷小共形限制和统一措施
IF 2.1 1区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.matpur.2025.103669
Maria Gordina , Wei Qian , Yilin Wang
We use the SLEκ loop measure to construct a natural representation of the Virasoro algebra of central charge c=c(κ)1. In particular, we introduce a non-degenerate bilinear Hermitian form (and non positive-definite) using the SLE loop measure and show that the representation is indefinite unitary. Our proof relies on the infinitesimal conformal restriction property of the SLE loop measure.
我们使用SLEκ环测度构造了中心电荷c=c(κ)≤1的Virasoro代数的自然表示。特别地,我们利用SLE环测度引入了一种非退化双线性厄米特形式(非正定),并证明了其表示是不定酉的。我们的证明依赖于SLE环测度的无限小共形限制性质。
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引用次数: 0
Non-linear operator-valued elliptic flows with application to quantum field theory 非线性算子值椭圆流及其在量子场论中的应用
IF 2.1 1区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.matpur.2025.103657
Jean-Bernard Bru , Nathan Metraud
Differential equations on spaces of operators are very little developed in Mathematics, being in general very challenging. Here, we study a novel system of such (non-linear) differential equations. We show it has a unique solution for all times, for instance in the Schatten norm topology. This system presents remarkable ellipticity properties that turn out to be crucial for the study of the infinite-time limit of its solution, which is proven under relatively weak, albeit probably not necessary, hypotheses on the initial data. This system of differential equations is the elliptic counterpart of an hyperbolic flow applied to quantum field theory to diagonalize Hamiltonians that are quadratic in the bosonic field. In a similar way, this elliptic flow, in particular its asymptotics, has application in quantum field theory: it can be used to diagonalize Hamiltonians that are quadratic in the fermionic field while giving new explicit expressions and properties of these pivotal Hamiltonians of quantum field theory and quantum statistical mechanics.
在数学中,算子空间上的微分方程很少得到发展,通常是非常具有挑战性的。在这里,我们研究了一类新的(非线性)微分方程系统。我们证明了它在任何时候都有一个唯一的解,例如在Schatten范数拓扑中。这个系统表现出显著的椭圆性,这对研究其解的无限时间限制至关重要,这是在相对较弱的假设下证明的,尽管可能不是必要的,在初始数据上。这个微分方程组是应用于量子场论的双曲流的椭圆对应体,用于对角化玻色子场中的二次哈密顿量。同样,这种椭圆流,特别是它的渐近性,在量子场论中也有应用:它可以用来对角化费米子场中的二次哈密顿量,同时给出量子场论和量子统计力学中这些关键哈密顿量的新的显式表达式和性质。
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引用次数: 0
A one-sided two phase Bernoulli free boundary problem 单侧两相伯努利自由边界问题
IF 2.1 1区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.matpur.2025.103659
Lorenzo Ferreri , Bozhidar Velichkov
We study a two-phase free boundary problem in which the two-phases satisfy an impenetrability condition. Precisely, we have two ordered positive functions, which are harmonic in their supports, satisfy a Bernoulli condition on the one-phase part of the free boundary and a transmission condition on the collapsed part of the free boundary. For this two-membrane type problem, we prove an epsilon-regularity theorem with sharp modulus of continuity. Precisely, we show that at flat points each of the two boundaries is C1,12 regular surface and that the remaining singular set has Hausdorff dimension at most N5, where N is the dimension of the space.
研究了一类两相满足不可穿透条件的自由边界问题。确切地说,我们有两个在其支点上是谐波的有序正函数,它们在自由边界的单相部分满足伯努利条件,在自由边界的崩塌部分满足传输条件。对于这类双膜型问题,我们证明了具有连续锐模的ε -正则定理。准确地说,我们证明了在平坦点处,两个边界中的每一个都是C1,12正则曲面,并且剩下的奇异集具有最多N−5的Hausdorff维数,其中N是空间的维数。
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引用次数: 0
Perturbed block Toeplitz matrices and the non-Hermitian skin effect in dimer systems of subwavelength resonators 亚波长谐振器二聚体体系中的摄动块Toeplitz矩阵和非厄米集肤效应
IF 2.1 1区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.matpur.2025.103658
Habib Ammari , Silvio Barandun , Ping Liu
The aim of this paper is fourfold: (i) to obtain explicit formulas for the eigenpairs of perturbed tridiagonal block Toeplitz matrices; (ii) to make use of such formulas in order to provide a mathematical justification of the non-Hermitian skin effect in dimer systems of subwavelength resonators by proving the condensation of the system's bulk eigenmodes at one of the edges of the system; (iii) to show the topological origin of the non-Hermitian skin effect for dimer systems and (iv) to prove localisation of the interface modes between two dimer structures with non-Hermitian gauge potentials of opposite signs based on new estimates of the decay of the entries of the eigenvectors of block matrices with mirrored blocks.
本文的目的有四:(1)得到摄动三对角块Toeplitz矩阵特征对的显式公式;(ii)利用这些公式,通过证明系统体本征模在系统边缘的凝聚,为亚波长谐振器二聚体系统中的非厄米集肤效应提供数学证明;(iii)显示二聚体体系的非厄米集肤效应的拓扑起源;(iv)基于对具有镜像块的块矩阵的特征向量项衰减的新估计,证明具有相反符号的非厄米规范势的两个二聚体结构之间的界面模式的局域化。
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引用次数: 0
The 3D Euler equations with inflow, outflow and vorticity boundary conditions 具有流入、流出和涡度边界条件的三维欧拉方程
IF 2.1 1区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.matpur.2024.103628
Gung-Min Gie , James P. Kelliher , Anna L. Mazzucato
The 3D incompressible Euler equations in a bounded domain are most often supplemented with impermeable boundary conditions, which constrain the fluid to neither enter nor leave the domain. We establish well-posedness with inflow, outflow of velocity when either the full value of the velocity is specified on inflow, or only the normal component is specified along with the vorticity (and an additional constraint). We derive compatibility conditions to obtain regularity in a Hölder space with prescribed arbitrary index, and allow multiply connected domains. Our results apply as well to impermeable boundaries, establishing higher regularity of solutions in Hölder spaces.
在有界区域的三维不可压缩欧拉方程中,最常补充的是不渗透边界条件,该边界条件约束流体既不进入也不离开该区域。我们建立了流入、流出速度的适定性,当流入指定了速度的全部值,或者只指定了法向分量以及涡度(和一个额外的约束)。在给定任意索引的Hölder空间中,我们推导了相容条件以获得正则性,并允许多个连通域。我们的结果也适用于不渗透边界,在Hölder空间中建立了更高的正则性。
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引用次数: 0
A geometric characterization of toric singularities 环面奇点的几何表征
IF 2.1 1区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.matpur.2024.103620
Joaquin Moraga , Roberto Svaldi
Given a projective contraction π:XZ and a log canonical pair (X,B) such that (KX+B) is nef over a neighborhood of a closed point zZ, one can define an invariant, the complexity of (X,B) over zZ, comparing the dimension of X and the relative Picard number of X/Z with the sum of the coefficients of those components of B intersecting the fiber over z. We prove that, in the hypotheses above, the complexity of the log pair (X,B) over zZ is non-negative and that when it is zero then (X,B)Z is formally isomorphic to a morphism of toric varieties around zZ. In particular, considering the case when π is the identity morphism, we get a geometric characterization of singularities that are formally isomorphic to toric singularities, thus resolving a conjecture due to Shokurov.
给定一个射影收缩π:X→Z和一个对数正则对(X,B),使得- (KX+B)在闭点Z∈Z的邻域上是nef,我们可以定义一个不变量,即(X,B)在Z∈Z上的复杂度,将X的维数和X/Z的相对Picard数与B在Z上与纤维相交的那些分量的系数之和进行比较。我们证明,在上面的假设中,对数对(X,B)在z∈z上的复杂度是非负的,当其为零时,则(X,⌊B⌋)→z在形式上同构于z∈z周围的环变体的态射。特别地,考虑π是恒等态射的情况,我们得到了形式上同构于环奇点的奇点的几何刻画,从而解决了一个由Shokurov引起的猜想。
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引用次数: 0
A mean curvature flow arising in adversarial training 对抗训练中出现的平均曲率流
IF 2.1 1区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.matpur.2024.103625
Leon Bungert , Tim Laux , Kerrek Stinson
We connect adversarial training for binary classification to a geometric evolution equation for the decision boundary. Relying on a perspective that recasts adversarial training as a regularization problem, we introduce a modified training scheme that constitutes a minimizing movements scheme for a nonlocal perimeter functional. We prove that the scheme is monotone and consistent as the adversarial budget vanishes and the perimeter localizes, and as a consequence we rigorously show that the scheme approximates a weighted mean curvature flow. This highlights that the efficacy of adversarial training may be due to locally minimizing the length of the decision boundary. In our analysis, we introduce a variety of tools for working with the subdifferential of a supremal-type nonlocal total variation and its regularity properties.
我们将二元分类的对抗训练与决策边界的几何演化方程联系起来。基于将对抗训练重塑为正则化问题的视角,我们引入了一种改进的训练方案,它构成了非局部周界函数的最小化运动方案。我们证明,随着对抗预算的消失和周长的局部化,该方案是单调一致的,因此我们严格证明了该方案近似于加权平均曲率流。这凸显了对抗训练的功效可能是由于局部最小化了决策边界的长度。在我们的分析中,我们引入了多种工具,用于处理至上型非局部总变异的子差分及其正则特性。
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引用次数: 0
A spectral dominance approach to large random matrices: Part II 大型随机矩阵的谱支配方法:第二部分
IF 2.1 1区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.matpur.2024.103630
Charles Bertucci , Jean-Michel Lasry , Pierre-Louis Lions
This paper is the second of a series devoted to the study of the dynamics of the spectrum of large random matrices. We precise and extend some results of the first part. We study general extensions of the partial differential equation arising to characterize the limit spectral measure of the Dyson Brownian motion. We provide a regularizing result for those generalizations. We also show that several results of part I extend to cases in which there is no spectral dominance property. We then provide several modeling extensions of such models as well as several identities for the Dyson Brownian motion.
本文是专门研究大型随机矩阵频谱动力学的系列论文之二。我们对第一部分的一些结果进行了精确和扩展。我们研究了为描述戴森布朗运动的极限谱量而产生的偏微分方程的一般扩展。我们为这些一般化提供了正则化结果。我们还证明,第一部分的几个结果可以扩展到不存在谱支配特性的情况。然后,我们提供了此类模型的若干建模扩展以及戴森布朗运动的若干等式。
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引用次数: 0
A reverse Faber-Krahn inequality for the magnetic Laplacian 磁性拉普拉斯不等式的反向法布尔-克拉恩不等式
IF 2.1 1区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.matpur.2024.103632
Bruno Colbois , Corentin Léna , Luigi Provenzano , Alessandro Savo
We consider the first eigenvalue of the magnetic Laplacian in a bounded and simply connected planar domain, with uniform magnetic field and Neumann boundary conditions. We investigate the reverse Faber-Krahn inequality conjectured by S. Fournais and B. Helffer, stating that this eigenvalue is maximized by the disk for a given area. Using the method of level lines, we prove the conjecture for small enough values of the magnetic field (those for which the corresponding eigenfunction in the disk is radial).
我们考虑的是有界且简单连接的平面域中的磁拉普拉斯第一特征值,该域具有均匀磁场和诺伊曼边界条件。我们研究了 S. Fournais 和 B. Helffer 提出的反向 Faber-Krahn 不等式猜想,即在给定区域内,该特征值由圆盘最大化。利用水平线方法,我们证明了磁场值足够小(磁盘中相应的特征函数是径向的)时的猜想。
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引用次数: 0
Monotonicity, asymptotics and level sets for principal eigenvalues of some elliptic operators with shear flow 具有剪切流的某些椭圆算子的主特征值的单调性、渐近性和水平集
IF 2.1 1区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.matpur.2024.103622
Shuang Liu , Yuan Lou
We investigate the joint effects of diffusion and advection on principal eigenvalues of some elliptic operators with shear flow. Some monotonicity and asymptotic behaviors of principal eigenvalues, with respect to diffusion rate and flow amplitude, are established. These analyses lead to a classification of topological structures of level sets for principal eigenvalues, as a function of diffusion rate and flow amplitude. Our analytical results provide a unifying viewpoint to understand mixing enhancement and dispersal-induced growth, which are apparently two unrelated phenomena, one in fluid mechanics and the other in population dynamics. In our analysis, some limiting Hamilton-Jacobi equations, blowup argument and limiting generalized principal eigenvalue problems play critical roles.
我们研究了扩散和平流对一些具有剪切流的椭圆算子的主特征值的共同影响。我们确定了主特征值在扩散率和流动振幅方面的一些单调性和渐近行为。通过这些分析,我们得出了作为扩散率和流幅函数的主特征值水平集拓扑结构的分类。我们的分析结果为理解混合增强和分散诱导增长提供了一个统一的视角,这显然是两个互不相关的现象,一个是流体力学中的现象,另一个是种群动力学中的现象。在我们的分析中,一些极限汉密尔顿-雅可比方程、炸毁论证和极限广义主特征值问题发挥了关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal de Mathematiques Pures et Appliquees
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