Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i7841
Tchasep Wandji Nadège, N. Patrice, Kuate Tueguem Nobert William, Tize Tize, Atindo Songwe Thierry, Ndongo Biyo’o Eric, Ngata Ngadjui Laurence, G. G. F. Christian, N. Bekolo
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.), native to Africa, is one of the most popular and widely grown seed legumes in arid and semi-arid areas. In these areas, fusarium wilt and white rots caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f.sp. tracheiphilum and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum are the most devastating pathogens of cowpea crops, causing losses of 50-100 %, respectively. This study aims to evaluate the antifungal potential of biochemical compounds in Jatropha curcas L. seed extracts identified by GC-MS analysis against F. oxysporum and S. sclerotiorum. In vitro tests were carried out using aqueous, acetone and hexane extracts of J. curcas seeds at concentrations of 15, 30, 60 and 120 μL/mL and a synthetic fungicide (3.33 g/L). Mycelial growth and Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC50) were assessed. As a result, J. curcas seed extracts are rich in phytochemical molecules such as 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) ; n-Hexadecanoic acid ; Squalene ; D-Limonene ; 9,15-octadecadienoic acid, methy and 1,3-Dioxane, 5-ethyl-2,2-dimethyl, with antifungal activity. Total inhibition (100%) of mycelial growth of F. oxysporum and S. sclerotiorum was obtained in Petri dishes contaminated with the aqueous and acetone extracts at concentrations C3=60 µL/mL and C4=120 µL/mL, as well as with the synthetic fungicide. The MIC50 obtained with isolates of S. sclerotiorum and F. oxysporum were 9.2 and 9.96 µL/mL with the aqueous extract, respectively followed by the acetone extract (12.96 and 14.97 µL/mL). All Jatropha curcas lethal extracts tested were fungistatic, but the synthetic fungicide was fungicidal. Bioformulation based on J. curcas and characterization of pathogen are needed.
豇豆（Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.）原产于非洲，是干旱和半干旱地区最受欢迎和广泛种植的豆科种子植物之一。在这些地区，由 Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f.sp. tracheiphilum 和 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum 引起的镰刀菌枯萎病和白腐病是豇豆作物最具破坏性的病原菌，分别造成 50%-100% 的损失。本研究旨在评估通过气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析确定的麻疯树种子提取物中的生化化合物对 F. oxysporum 和 S. sclerotiorum 的抗真菌潜力。使用浓度为 15、30、60 和 120 μL/mL 的麻风树籽水提取物、丙酮提取物和正己烷提取物以及合成杀真菌剂（3.33 g/L）进行了体外试验。对菌丝生长和最小抑菌浓度（MIC50）进行了评估。结果表明，莪术种子提取物含有丰富的植物化学分子，如 9,12-十八碳二烯酸 (Z,Z)；正十六碳酸；角鲨烯；D-柠檬烯；9,15-十八碳二烯酸，甲基和 1,3-二氧六环，5-乙基-2,2-二甲基，具有抗真菌活性。在培养皿中使用浓度为 C3=60 µL/mL 和 C4=120 µL/mL 的水提取物和丙酮提取物以及合成杀真菌剂，可完全（100%）抑制 F. oxysporum 和 S. sclerotiorum 的菌丝生长。对 S. sclerotiorum 和 F. oxysporum 分离物的 MIC50 分别为 9.2 和 9.96 µL/mL 水提取物，其次是丙酮提取物（12.96 和 14.97 µL/mL）。测试的所有麻疯树致死提取物都具有杀真菌作用，但合成杀真菌剂具有杀真菌作用。需要根据麻疯树进行生物制剂和病原体鉴定。
{"title":"Antifungal Activity of Jatropha curcas Seed Extracts Analysed by GC-MS against Two Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Pathogenic Fungi","authors":"Tchasep Wandji Nadège, N. Patrice, Kuate Tueguem Nobert William, Tize Tize, Atindo Songwe Thierry, Ndongo Biyo’o Eric, Ngata Ngadjui Laurence, G. G. F. Christian, N. Bekolo","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i7841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i7841","url":null,"abstract":"Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.), native to Africa, is one of the most popular and widely grown seed legumes in arid and semi-arid areas. In these areas, fusarium wilt and white rots caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f.sp. tracheiphilum and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum are the most devastating pathogens of cowpea crops, causing losses of 50-100 %, respectively. This study aims to evaluate the antifungal potential of biochemical compounds in Jatropha curcas L. seed extracts identified by GC-MS analysis against F. oxysporum and S. sclerotiorum. In vitro tests were carried out using aqueous, acetone and hexane extracts of J. curcas seeds at concentrations of 15, 30, 60 and 120 μL/mL and a synthetic fungicide (3.33 g/L). Mycelial growth and Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC50) were assessed. As a result, J. curcas seed extracts are rich in phytochemical molecules such as 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) ; n-Hexadecanoic acid ; Squalene ; D-Limonene ; 9,15-octadecadienoic acid, methy and 1,3-Dioxane, 5-ethyl-2,2-dimethyl, with antifungal activity. Total inhibition (100%) of mycelial growth of F. oxysporum and S. sclerotiorum was obtained in Petri dishes contaminated with the aqueous and acetone extracts at concentrations C3=60 µL/mL and C4=120 µL/mL, as well as with the synthetic fungicide. The MIC50 obtained with isolates of S. sclerotiorum and F. oxysporum were 9.2 and 9.96 µL/mL with the aqueous extract, respectively followed by the acetone extract (12.96 and 14.97 µL/mL). All Jatropha curcas lethal extracts tested were fungistatic, but the synthetic fungicide was fungicidal. Bioformulation based on J. curcas and characterization of pathogen are needed.","PeriodicalId":510775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"26 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i7840
Tetty Aya Marie Pascale, Gnali Gbohounou Fabrice, Yao Djeha Rosine, Y. Eric, Dosso Mireille
The aim of this study was to evaluate the concordance between Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and traditional biochemical methods for identifying urease-producing Enterobacteria in wastewater samples. This research was a comparative study assessing the efficacy of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry versus traditional biochemical methods for bacterial identification. The study was conducted in Abidjan over a period of five weeks. A total of 50 wastewater samples were collected for analysis. The samples underwent a two-step enrichment process: initial pre-enrichment in EPT broth at 37°C for 18-24 hours, followed by enrichment in RV10 broth at 42°C for 24 hours. Subsequently, isolates were cultured on Hektoen agar, observed for specific colony characteristics, and subjected to the urease test. Final identification was performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Of the 50 samples, 46 produced identifiable colonies. The distribution of identified species was as follows: Proteus mirabilis in 22 samples (47.82%), Providencia stuartii in 16 samples (34.78%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae in 8 samples (17.39%). MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry demonstrated over 90% concordance with traditional biochemical methods, accurately identifying bacterial species with high precision. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry proved to be a rapid, precise, and efficient method for identifying urease-producing Enterobacteria in wastewater. Its high concordance with traditional methods suggests its potential to replace conventional techniques in microbiological laboratories, enhancing the speed and accuracy of bacterial identification in water quality management.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Consistency of MALDI-TOF Results with Traditional Methods for the Identification of Urease-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Wastewater from Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire","authors":"Tetty Aya Marie Pascale, Gnali Gbohounou Fabrice, Yao Djeha Rosine, Y. Eric, Dosso Mireille","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i7840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i7840","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the concordance between Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and traditional biochemical methods for identifying urease-producing Enterobacteria in wastewater samples. This research was a comparative study assessing the efficacy of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry versus traditional biochemical methods for bacterial identification. The study was conducted in Abidjan over a period of five weeks. A total of 50 wastewater samples were collected for analysis. The samples underwent a two-step enrichment process: initial pre-enrichment in EPT broth at 37°C for 18-24 hours, followed by enrichment in RV10 broth at 42°C for 24 hours. Subsequently, isolates were cultured on Hektoen agar, observed for specific colony characteristics, and subjected to the urease test. Final identification was performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Of the 50 samples, 46 produced identifiable colonies. The distribution of identified species was as follows: Proteus mirabilis in 22 samples (47.82%), Providencia stuartii in 16 samples (34.78%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae in 8 samples (17.39%). MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry demonstrated over 90% concordance with traditional biochemical methods, accurately identifying bacterial species with high precision. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry proved to be a rapid, precise, and efficient method for identifying urease-producing Enterobacteria in wastewater. Its high concordance with traditional methods suggests its potential to replace conventional techniques in microbiological laboratories, enhancing the speed and accuracy of bacterial identification in water quality management.","PeriodicalId":510775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study, "(Technology of preparation of moringa paneer from buffalo milk,)" was conducted at Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agricultural and Technology in Kanpur at the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying. Using buffalo milk, two types of coagulant, three types of temperature, and extracts of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% moringa leaves, moringa paneer was made. The sensory and chemical characteristics of the freshly collected samples were examined. When samples were made with 10% moringa leaf extract, 2% citric acid, and 80°C temperature, the higher sensory quality of moringa paneer was attained. The cost of manufacturing was also determined; for moringa paneer, the maximum average cost of production was Rs. 232 per kg. The highest production cost per kilogram for a sample made with 20% extract from moringa leaves was Rs. 236.00. For sample (A3 B1 C2), the production cost was determined to be Rs. 232 per kg. It is also suggested that the study be used to produce high-quality paneer using an extract from moringa leaves for the dairy industry and regional sweets.
{"title":"Chemical Quality of Moringa Paneer Prepared from Buffalo Milk","authors":"Vikash Kumar, M.P.S. Yadav, Kuldeep, Sandeep Kumar","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i7839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i7839","url":null,"abstract":"The current study, \"(Technology of preparation of moringa paneer from buffalo milk,)\" was conducted at Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agricultural and Technology in Kanpur at the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying. Using buffalo milk, two types of coagulant, three types of temperature, and extracts of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% moringa leaves, moringa paneer was made. The sensory and chemical characteristics of the freshly collected samples were examined. When samples were made with 10% moringa leaf extract, 2% citric acid, and 80°C temperature, the higher sensory quality of moringa paneer was attained. The cost of manufacturing was also determined; for moringa paneer, the maximum average cost of production was Rs. 232 per kg. The highest production cost per kilogram for a sample made with 20% extract from moringa leaves was Rs. 236.00. For sample (A3 B1 C2), the production cost was determined to be Rs. 232 per kg. It is also suggested that the study be used to produce high-quality paneer using an extract from moringa leaves for the dairy industry and regional sweets.","PeriodicalId":510775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141830742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i7838
L. N. Ngata, E. L. M. Ngonkeu, A. Ndogho, C. K. Ntongo, F. C. Gbaporo, P. Z. Ngatsi, S. L. L. Dida, L. T. V. Dongmo, T. S. Atindo, W. Kuaté, Z. Ambang
Alternaria solani is a fungus that causes yield losses of up to 80 % in tomato production in field. Synthetic fungicides are the most widely used for its controbl, but have harmful consequences. The objective of this work was to test in vitro the antifungal potential of Thevetia peruviana seed extracts against two A. solani isolates. Aqueous, methanol, ethyl acetate and acetone extracts, at concentrations 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 µL/mL were used. Two synthetic fungicides Maneb (5.33 µg/mL) and Dimethomorph + Clorothalonil (3.75 µg/mL) and control (0 µL/mL) were also tested on two A. solani isolates (Mbal and Foum). The investigation was repeated three times. Phytochemical screening, mycelial growth, spore germination and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC50 and MIC90) were determined. The results showed that T. peruviana extracts are rich in many families of bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, phenolic compounds and sugars. All extracts tested show high inhibition of mycelial growth (100%) and spore germination (100%) of the two strains at highest concentration (100 µL/mL). Acetone extract at a concentration of 50 µL/mL inhibited mycelial growth by 88.45 and 86.55% and spore germination by 88.33 and 80.33%, respectively for the Mbal and Foum isolates. The lowest MIC50 (16.63 µL/mL) and MIC90 (54.6 µL/mL) were obtained with the acetone extract on the Mbal isolate while the highest MIC50 (27.5 µL/mL) and MIC90 (61.7 µL/mL) were observed with ethyl acetate on the Foum isolate These extracts can therefore be used in the biological control against Alternariose in tomato.
{"title":"In vitro Development of Two Alternaria solani Strains, Causal Agent of Alternariose in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) under the Influence of Thevetia peruviana Seeds Extracts","authors":"L. N. Ngata, E. L. M. Ngonkeu, A. Ndogho, C. K. Ntongo, F. C. Gbaporo, P. Z. Ngatsi, S. L. L. Dida, L. T. V. Dongmo, T. S. Atindo, W. Kuaté, Z. Ambang","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i7838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i7838","url":null,"abstract":"Alternaria solani is a fungus that causes yield losses of up to 80 % in tomato production in field. Synthetic fungicides are the most widely used for its controbl, but have harmful consequences. The objective of this work was to test in vitro the antifungal potential of Thevetia peruviana seed extracts against two A. solani isolates. Aqueous, methanol, ethyl acetate and acetone extracts, at concentrations 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 µL/mL were used. Two synthetic fungicides Maneb (5.33 µg/mL) and Dimethomorph + Clorothalonil (3.75 µg/mL) and control (0 µL/mL) were also tested on two A. solani isolates (Mbal and Foum). The investigation was repeated three times. Phytochemical screening, mycelial growth, spore germination and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC50 and MIC90) were determined. The results showed that T. peruviana extracts are rich in many families of bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, phenolic compounds and sugars. All extracts tested show high inhibition of mycelial growth (100%) and spore germination (100%) of the two strains at highest concentration (100 µL/mL). Acetone extract at a concentration of 50 µL/mL inhibited mycelial growth by 88.45 and 86.55% and spore germination by 88.33 and 80.33%, respectively for the Mbal and Foum isolates. The lowest MIC50 (16.63 µL/mL) and MIC90 (54.6 µL/mL) were obtained with the acetone extract on the Mbal isolate while the highest MIC50 (27.5 µL/mL) and MIC90 (61.7 µL/mL) were observed with ethyl acetate on the Foum isolate These extracts can therefore be used in the biological control against Alternariose in tomato.","PeriodicalId":510775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141659304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pea root rot caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi has been observed as an alarming problem in pea growing regions of Himachal Pradesh and poses major constraints in pea cultivations. The alcoholic leaf extracts of four plants viz., Eupatorium adenophorum, Eucalyptus sp., Vitex negundo and Ageratum conyzoides were evaluated at different concentrations for their efficacy against F. solani f. sp. pisi under in vitro conditions. Among all extracts, E. adenophorum yielded maximum mycelial inhibition of 77.4 per cent followed by Eucalyptus sp. 74.9 per cent at 25 per cent test concentration. Thus, among all test botanicals, E. adenophorum was found the most efficient against F. solani f. sp. pisi. These findings suggest that E. adenophorum extracts could be used as eco-friendly alternatives to control Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi.
在喜马偕尔邦的豌豆种植区，由 Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi 引起的豌豆根腐病已成为一个令人担忧的问题，对豌豆的种植造成了很大的限制。在体外条件下，评估了四种植物（Eupatorium adenophorum、Eucalyptus sp.、Vitex negundo 和 Ageratum conyzoides）不同浓度的叶醇提取物对 F. solani f. sp. pisi 的药效。在所有提取物中，当测试浓度为 25% 时，E. adenophorum 对菌丝的抑制率最高，为 77.4%，其次是 Eucalyptus sp.因此，在所有测试植物中，腺角桉对 F. solani f. sp. pisi 的抑制率最高。这些研究结果表明，E. adenophorum 提取物可作为生态友好型替代品来控制 Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi。
{"title":"Bio-efficacy of Alcoholic Extracts of Botanicals to Mitigate Pea Root Rot Caused by Fusarium solani f.sp. pisi","authors":"Khushwinder Kaur, BR. Thakur, Kulveer Singh Dhillon","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i3805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i3805","url":null,"abstract":"Pea root rot caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi has been observed as an alarming problem in pea growing regions of Himachal Pradesh and poses major constraints in pea cultivations. The alcoholic leaf extracts of four plants viz., Eupatorium adenophorum, Eucalyptus sp., Vitex negundo and Ageratum conyzoides were evaluated at different concentrations for their efficacy against F. solani f. sp. pisi under in vitro conditions. Among all extracts, E. adenophorum yielded maximum mycelial inhibition of 77.4 per cent followed by Eucalyptus sp. 74.9 per cent at 25 per cent test concentration. Thus, among all test botanicals, E. adenophorum was found the most efficient against F. solani f. sp. pisi. These findings suggest that E. adenophorum extracts could be used as eco-friendly alternatives to control Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi.","PeriodicalId":510775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"34 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140363341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i3806
S. K. Patel, Ramjeet Yadav, Balkrishna Namdeo, Nilanjan Chattopadhyaya, Pankaj Kumar
A laboratory experiment was conducted with two new generation herbicide pyrazosulfuron ethyl treatments, namely, recommended dose 15 g a.i. ha-1 (RD) and 30 g a.i. h-1 (2RD), carfentrazone ethyl 25 g a.i ha-1(RD), 50 g a.i. ha-1 (2RD) along with control (without herbicide) applied to sandy loam soil to determine their effect on microbial biomass dynamics in soil. The application of pyrazosulfuron ethyl (T1 and T2) and carfentrazone ethyl (T3 and T4) did not show any significant effect at 0 day after application. While, at 7 days after application of herbicide declined soil microbial biomass status. Whereas, at 28 days after application significantly increasement microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen except for microbial biomass phosphorus under herbicidal treatments compared to untreated plot. Hence, pyrazosulfuron and carfentrazone ethyl may cause short term transitory change in microbial biomass dynamics in soil moreover at 28 day after application of herbicide no any harmful effect at recommended dose of pyrazosulfuron ethyl and carfentrazone ethyl.
在实验室实验中，对沙壤土施用了两种新一代除草剂吡嘧磺隆（pyrazosulfuron ethyl），即推荐剂量 15 g a.i. ha-1 (RD)和 30 g a.i. h-1 (2RD)、呋喃唑酮（carfentrazone ethyl）25 g a.i. ha-1 (RD)、50 g a.i. ha-1 (2RD)以及对照（未施用除草剂），以确定它们对土壤中微生物生物量动态的影响。施用吡嘧磺隆乙酯（T1 和 T2）和氟磺隆乙酯（T3 和 T4）后 0 天，未显示出任何显著影响。施用除草剂 7 天后，土壤微生物生物量下降。而施用除草剂 28 天后，与未施用除草剂的地块相比，除微生物生物量磷以外，施用除草剂地块的微生物生物量碳和微生物生物量氮都有明显增加。因此，吡嘧磺隆和乙酰甲羧草醚可能会对土壤中的微生物生物量动态产生短期的短暂变化，而且在施用除草剂 28 天后，使用推荐剂量的吡嘧磺隆和乙酰甲羧草醚不会产生任何有害影响。
{"title":"Influence of New Generation Herbicide on Microbial Biomass Dynamics in Sandy Loam Soil","authors":"S. K. Patel, Ramjeet Yadav, Balkrishna Namdeo, Nilanjan Chattopadhyaya, Pankaj Kumar","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i3806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i3806","url":null,"abstract":"A laboratory experiment was conducted with two new generation herbicide pyrazosulfuron ethyl treatments, namely, recommended dose 15 g a.i. ha-1 (RD) and 30 g a.i. h-1 (2RD), carfentrazone ethyl 25 g a.i ha-1(RD), 50 g a.i. ha-1 (2RD) along with control (without herbicide) applied to sandy loam soil to determine their effect on microbial biomass dynamics in soil. The application of pyrazosulfuron ethyl (T1 and T2) and carfentrazone ethyl (T3 and T4) did not show any significant effect at 0 day after application. While, at 7 days after application of herbicide declined soil microbial biomass status. Whereas, at 28 days after application significantly increasement microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen except for microbial biomass phosphorus under herbicidal treatments compared to untreated plot. Hence, pyrazosulfuron and carfentrazone ethyl may cause short term transitory change in microbial biomass dynamics in soil moreover at 28 day after application of herbicide no any harmful effect at recommended dose of pyrazosulfuron ethyl and carfentrazone ethyl.","PeriodicalId":510775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"46 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140363120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-23DOI: 10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i3804
J. Harish, Namburi Karunakar Reddy, Karan R, Lakshmeesha R, N. Vamsidharreddy, Vineeth M, Divyashree, Chethan P
The onion (Allium cepa L.) is a biennial herb characterized by its bulbous structure, and it stands as one of the vital vegetable crops cultivated in India. Its origins can be traced back to the central Asian region. This underground bulbous vegetable crop is cultivated on a commercial scale due to its extensive adaptability and the significant potential for high production. Classified under the Amaryllidaceae family and Allium genus, the onion holds a pivotal role in the world of vegetables. The primary culprits responsible for onion bulb rot after harvesting were identified as Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae. It was determined that the media PDA, SDA, MEA, and YDA were conducive to the growth and sporulation of A. niger mycelium. Conversely, MEA, OM, PDA, and YDA were found to be favorable for the development and sporulation of A. flavus. Lastly, PDA, CDA, OMA, and RA culture media demonstrated suitability for promoting mycelial growth and sporulation of F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae.
洋葱（Allium cepa L.）是一种二年生草本植物，以球茎结构为特征，是印度种植的重要蔬菜作物之一。其起源可追溯到中亚地区。这种地下球茎蔬菜作物因其广泛的适应性和巨大的高产潜力而被商业化种植。洋葱被归类为菊科、葱属，在蔬菜世界中占有举足轻重的地位。经鉴定，导致洋葱收获后鳞茎腐烂的罪魁祸首是黑曲霉、黄曲霉和镰刀菌。结果表明，PDA、SDA、MEA 和 YDA 培养基有利于黑曲霉菌丝的生长和孢子的产生。相反，MEA、OM、PDA 和 YDA 则有利于黄曲霉的发育和孢子的产生。最后，PDA、CDA、OMA 和 RA 培养基证明适合促进 F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae 的菌丝生长和孢子繁殖。
{"title":"Morphological, Cultural Characteristics of Post-Harvest Diseases in Onion and its Management through Bio-Agents","authors":"J. Harish, Namburi Karunakar Reddy, Karan R, Lakshmeesha R, N. Vamsidharreddy, Vineeth M, Divyashree, Chethan P","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i3804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i3804","url":null,"abstract":"The onion (Allium cepa L.) is a biennial herb characterized by its bulbous structure, and it stands as one of the vital vegetable crops cultivated in India. Its origins can be traced back to the central Asian region. This underground bulbous vegetable crop is cultivated on a commercial scale due to its extensive adaptability and the significant potential for high production. Classified under the Amaryllidaceae family and Allium genus, the onion holds a pivotal role in the world of vegetables. The primary culprits responsible for onion bulb rot after harvesting were identified as Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae. It was determined that the media PDA, SDA, MEA, and YDA were conducive to the growth and sporulation of A. niger mycelium. Conversely, MEA, OM, PDA, and YDA were found to be favorable for the development and sporulation of A. flavus. Lastly, PDA, CDA, OMA, and RA culture media demonstrated suitability for promoting mycelial growth and sporulation of F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae.","PeriodicalId":510775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":" 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140210142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i3803
J. O. Ipinlaye, A. Oluyege, F. A. Adewunmi
Introduction: Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) isolates are among the most common bacterial pathogens associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) where animals are known to be the major reservoir of NTS despite improvements in hygiene and sanitation. Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of non-typhoidal salmonella species from humans and poultry faeces in Ido-Ekiti using selected 3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotics. Study Location and Duration: The study was carried out at Federal Teaching Hospital Ido Ekiti for 3months between July 2023 and September 2023. Methodology: A total of 300 faecal samples were collected (100 from humans and 200 from poultry) by random sampling and analyzed by enriching on Selenite F broth and cultured on XLD agar using standard method. Faecal samples were identified using morphology, microscopic and biochemical characteristics. Antibiotic susceptibility test determined using disc diffusion method. Results: The prevalence of NTS in human and poultry sources were 9% and 11.5% respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed high resistance rates to 3rd generation Cephalosporins antibiotics among the poultry isolates, especially to Cefuroxime, Cefotaxime and ceftriaxone at 86.9%, 65.2% and 82.6% respectively while Ceftazidime at 88.9% only had an high resistance from human samples as compared to the poultry samples. Conclusion: The study confirmed that poultries in Ido Ekiti are likely major sources of resistant NTS, and this poses a potential hazard to the public, especially those living close to the poultry and those rearing them.
{"title":"Antibiotics Susceptibility Profile of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Species Using Selected 3rd Generation Cephalosporins Antibiotics Against Humans and Poultry Faeces in South West, Nigeria","authors":"J. O. Ipinlaye, A. Oluyege, F. A. Adewunmi","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i3803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i3803","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) isolates are among the most common bacterial pathogens associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) where animals are known to be the major reservoir of NTS despite improvements in hygiene and sanitation.\u0000Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of non-typhoidal salmonella species from humans and poultry faeces in Ido-Ekiti using selected 3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotics. Study Location and Duration: The study was carried out at Federal Teaching Hospital Ido Ekiti for 3months between July 2023 and September 2023.\u0000Methodology: A total of 300 faecal samples were collected (100 from humans and 200 from poultry) by random sampling and analyzed by enriching on Selenite F broth and cultured on XLD agar using standard method. Faecal samples were identified using morphology, microscopic and biochemical characteristics. Antibiotic susceptibility test determined using disc diffusion method.\u0000Results: The prevalence of NTS in human and poultry sources were 9% and 11.5% respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed high resistance rates to 3rd generation Cephalosporins antibiotics among the poultry isolates, especially to Cefuroxime, Cefotaxime and ceftriaxone at 86.9%, 65.2% and 82.6% respectively while Ceftazidime at 88.9% only had an high resistance from human samples as compared to the poultry samples.\u0000Conclusion: The study confirmed that poultries in Ido Ekiti are likely major sources of resistant NTS, and this poses a potential hazard to the public, especially those living close to the poultry and those rearing them.","PeriodicalId":510775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"42 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140224596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i3802
Sumarani D V, Lakshmeesha, R, J. Harish, K. Kumar, Babu C. V.
Endophytic microorganisms promote root growth, improve nutrient uptake efficiency and produce more yields. By collaborating with endophytic microorganisms, plants experience enhanced growth. This study was focused on endophytes from Chia plants in Bhukkapatna, Tumakur with the objective of molecular characterization of efficient endophytic microorganisms and its impact on growth of Chia. Twelve bacterial isolates were identified, with eight displaying nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilisation, potassium fixation, production of IAA, GA, siderophore and exopolysaccharide production. Molecular characterization using 16S rRNA revealed their identities as Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus cereus, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Enterobacter cloacae. Among these, Enterobacter cloacae (CEPB8) exhibited highest positive impact on Chia plant growth. In greenhouse conditions, treatments involving combinations of all four demonstrated the highest plant height (35.467cm) and biomass (158.37 grams) at harvest, surpassing the control group. Combined treatments outperformed individual strains, highlighting synergy. The study affirms that endophytic microorganisms significantly enhanced growth in Chia plant.
{"title":"Identification of Rhizosphere Endophytes and Evaluation of Their Impact on Growth of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.)","authors":"Sumarani D V, Lakshmeesha, R, J. Harish, K. Kumar, Babu C. V.","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i3802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i3802","url":null,"abstract":"Endophytic microorganisms promote root growth, improve nutrient uptake efficiency and produce more yields. By collaborating with endophytic microorganisms, plants experience enhanced growth. This study was focused on endophytes from Chia plants in Bhukkapatna, Tumakur with the objective of molecular characterization of efficient endophytic microorganisms and its impact on growth of Chia. Twelve bacterial isolates were identified, with eight displaying nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilisation, potassium fixation, production of IAA, GA, siderophore and exopolysaccharide production. Molecular characterization using 16S rRNA revealed their identities as Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus cereus, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Enterobacter cloacae. Among these, Enterobacter cloacae (CEPB8) exhibited highest positive impact on Chia plant growth. In greenhouse conditions, treatments involving combinations of all four demonstrated the highest plant height (35.467cm) and biomass (158.37 grams) at harvest, surpassing the control group. Combined treatments outperformed individual strains, highlighting synergy. The study affirms that endophytic microorganisms significantly enhanced growth in Chia plant.","PeriodicalId":510775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140245728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i2800
P. Joyruth, Sukirtha, P. Kalaimathy
Aloe vera consists of about 420 species, and has been used as a traditional medicine for about 3000 years. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the aloe vera gel powder revealed the presence of steroids, phenolics, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. Invitro antibacterial studies on the leaf extract were carried out on medically important bacterial strains, including Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans using agar disc diffusion method. The bacterial strains were exposed to the following four different concentrations of extracts: 25µl, 50 µl, 75 µl and 100 µl. The result of our antibacterial assay revealed that the extract showed good inhibitory activity against all the tested pathogens.
{"title":"Investigation of Antimicrobial Activity of Aloe vera and it’s Application","authors":"P. Joyruth, Sukirtha, P. Kalaimathy","doi":"10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i2800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i2800","url":null,"abstract":"Aloe vera consists of about 420 species, and has been used as a traditional medicine for about 3000 years. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the aloe vera gel powder revealed the presence of steroids, phenolics, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. Invitro antibacterial studies on the leaf extract were carried out on medically important bacterial strains, including Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans using agar disc diffusion method. The bacterial strains were exposed to the following four different concentrations of extracts: 25µl, 50 µl, 75 µl and 100 µl. The result of our antibacterial assay revealed that the extract showed good inhibitory activity against all the tested pathogens.","PeriodicalId":510775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Microbiology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140415355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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