Journal of Palliative Care最新文献

ObjectiveThis rapid scoping review was undertaken as part of a larger study to design a statewide operational model of grief and bereavement supports in South Australia. The aim of the review was to describe the structures, services, and components of supports offered by grief and bereavement programs in South Australia.MethodsThe review was preceded by a desktop review of gray literature and informed by the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. Databases searched included Cumulated Index in Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and PubMed. Data were extracted about specific supports, services and programs, and imported into NVivo for thematic analysis.ResultsA total of 2383 articles were retrieved, with the findings from 88 articles extracted and included. Eleven themes relating to supports for grieving and bereaved people comprised: (1) follow-up bereavement care (with health professionals); (2) counseling support; (3) bereavement coordination; (4) peer support; (5) information about grief and loss; (6) referrals and risk assessment; (7) memorial services and mementos; (8) other practical and informal emotional supports; (9) personnel; (10) staff training; and (11) staff support.ConclusionsThis review advocates for including all identified supports in comprehensive grief and bereavement care. While implementing this in full may be challenging for individual services and providers due to time and resource constraints, integrating these components at a population level should be considered. Each element plays a role in delivering holistic care, requiring the combined efforts of community action and formal service provision.

Background: Culture and religion influence lived experience and particularly dying and grieving. Research has largely focused on exploring culturally and religiously sensitive practices, but not necessarily in palliative and hospice care or across nations. Acquired knowledge from the more advanced end-of-life care systems (eg the UK) tends to be generalized to other contexts where its cultural appropriation is not tested. Aim: This study explored the different qualities, among hospice and palliative professionals in Cyprus, describing cultural competence, cultural humility, and religious literacy. Design: A cross-sectional study of 41 palliative and hospice professionals in Cyprus, with the use of a 5-point Likert style questionnaire (a = 0.898). Setting: The study took place in Cyprus and participants were recruited from across palliative and hospice care organizations, including the only hospice in Cyprus, Cyprus Association of Cancer Patients and Friends (PASYKAF), and the Cyprus Anti-Cancer Society (CACS). Results: This study found that there are four main qualities that lead to effective culturally and religiously sensitive practice-informed decision-making, respect, adaptability, and nonjudgmental practice. Conclusions: Future education and training of professionals can consider these findings to appropriate approaches in practice that fit the Cypriot end-of-life care context more effectively.

Objective(s): Differences in the German emergency medical service (EMS) can be seen in the countryside in contrast to the city with regard to travel distances to hospitals and in the access routes of EMS-physicians. In order to investigate the success of establishment of palliative crisis cards associated with training and the rural and urban EMS structures, two urban and two rural EMS areas were compared using the Paramedic Palliative Care Test (PARPACT). Methods: The PARPACT includes test items on palliative knowledge (PK, maximum score: 15 points) and palliative self-efficacy expectations (PSE, maximum score: 18 points), as well as items on palliative attitudes in dealing with palliative care patients. We used a 4-point Likert-type scale. For data analysis, nonparametric tests (χ-test and Mann-Whitney U test) were used in addition to descriptive analysis (frequencies, means, medians, standard deviations, and ranges). Results: In total, 291 out of 750 ambulance or EMS personnel participated in the voluntary survey. Rural ambulance or EMS personnel answered the PK-questions correctly more often on average (mean: 11.19, SD: 1.85) than urban ambulance or EMS personnel (mean: 9.18, SD: 2.39; Mann-Whitney U test: U=5040.000, P=.001). In addition, ambulance or EMS personnel with the highest level of training (3-year-trained paramedics) performed better in PK (mean: 10.38, SD: 2.31) than less intensively training ambulance or EMS personnel (mean: 9.58, SD: 2.43; Mann-Whitney U-test: U=8446.500, P=.004). In terms of PSE, rural ambulance or EMS personnel also achieved higher mean PSE-scores (mean: 12.55, SD: 2.60) than urban ambulance or EMS personnel (mean: 9.77, SD: 3.41; Mann-Whitney U-test: U=5148.500, P=.001). Conclusions: Better training in the EMS is associated with improved PK compared to less qualified nonphysician EMS staff. The establishment of palliative crisis cards and the structures in the city alone do not lead to improved knowledge and PSE.

Individuals living with serious illness might request deactivation of a cardiac implantable electronic device for a variety of reasons. Discontinuation of implantable cardiac defibrillators and pacemakers are considered to be ethically sound procedures. However, healthcare professional comfort with discontinuation of different types of devices might vary. In this case we describe a veteran's request for pacemaker deactivation and our interdisciplinary team's response to this request, including evaluation of total suffering, ethical considerations, and mood symptoms at end-of-life.

Purpose Stressful and demanding clinical situations may contribute to job dissatisfaction and may even contribute to an intention to leave the job among palliative care (PC) clinicians. Personal and organizational factors may influence the occupational well-being of PC clinicians as well. This study aimed to determine the predictive contribution of personal (communication skills, resilience, religiosity) and organizational (coworkers' social support, job control) factors in the explanation of PC clinicians job (dis)satisfaction and their intention to leave their job. Methods The study was conducted on a convenience sample of 122 PC clinicians of different disciplines (nurses/technicians, physicians, psychologists, spiritual counsellors/priests, social workers, physical therapists, etc). The sample mainly consisted of nurses (57%). Hierarchical and logistic regression analyses of the results obtained were applied. Results This study indicates that 53% of PC clinicians are satisfied with their daily job and 76% do not intend to leave the job. The results showed no differences in job satisfaction and intention to leave between nurses/technicians and other PC clinicians. A significant negative correlation was found between job satisfaction and intention to leave the job. Communication skills, religiosity and coworkers' social support, showed as significant predictors of job satisfaction. PC clinicians' perception of their own difficulties in communicating bad news contributed significantly to job satisfaction and intention to leave the job in palliative care. Conclusion This study suggests that job satisfaction in a palliative care setting is determined by a larger number of personal and organizational factors than the intention to leave the job. Communication skills showed indispensable for providing quality care for dying patients. Skills in communicating bad news to dying patients and their families have emerged as particularly important for PC clinicians' occupational well-being.

Objective(s)LGBTQI+ disparities in hospice and palliative care have been vastly underrecognized in medical practice and research. This may result in LGBTQI+ community members distrusting health care professionals, avoiding encounters due to fears of discrimination or mistreatment, and seldom disclosing their identities to health care professionals. LGBTQI+ patients often lack familial emotional and caregiver support, a central theme of hospice and palliative care - for example, older LGBTQI+ people are twice as likely as cisgender heterosexual people to live alone and four times as likely to not have children. LGBTQI+ populations are also highly intersectional; therefore, members may be further stigmatized. Blue Diamond Society is a non-governmental organization in Nepal that specializes in LGBTQI+ advocacy and patient care. Our main objective in this study was to explore Nepali LGBTQI+ patients' experiences in hospice and palliative care.Methods29 interviews were conducted with patients, health care professionals, family members, and administrators involved with Blue Diamond Society (BDS), a Nepali NGO that serves Nepal's LGBTQI+ community. Questions were developed based on open-ended questioning to abstract relevant life and health history information pertaining to experiences with BDS and palliative care. These interviews were translated and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative Content analysis was conducted to identify prevalent themes.ResultsFour themes were identified: Fear of Dying without Family; Understanding Oneself and Sense of Community; Patient as Advocate; and Intersectionality and Eliminating Reductionism.ConclusionsThis study elucidated themes inherent to the experiences of LGBTQI+ Nepali people receiving palliative and hospice care, ultimately describing the unique needs of LGBTQI+ Nepali patients in palliative and hospice care settings. In doing so, this study presents an intersectional focus on palliative and hospice care, elaborating on challenges specific to a deeply marginalized community that remains underrepresented in academia. Findings from this study describe an expanded notion of "palliation" to embody "whole-person care," that is, the palliation of social and structural pain, in addition to the more traditional conceptions of palliation as purely physical, emotional, and/or spiritual. This study also identified the importance of acknowledging and affirming the intersectional marginalization at which LGBTQI+ Nepalis live, ranging from experiences with socioeconomic status, family and communal conflict, ethnicity, race, sex, gender, sexual orientation, age, and environmental resource scarcity. In further understanding and improving upon intersectional LGBTQI+ cultural humility, this study provides opportunities for further research on cross-cultural LGBTQI+ patient needs in hospice and palliative care in a variety of resource settings.

Objective: Difficulty sleeping is common in palliative care, however often unrecognized by palliative care physicians. This retrospective review aims to gain a better understanding of the causes and treatment of sleeping disturbances in a tertiary palliative care unit. Methods: This study included 200 palliative care inpatients admitted between January 1, 2015, and August 31, 2020. Patients with sleep disturbances were placed into 3 subgroups: insomnia, delirium, and those with an unclear diagnosis. These categories were analyzed by bivariate analysis (ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis) to determine statistical significance. Results: A total of 156 (78%) patients had symptoms suggestive of sleep disturbance and 163 (81.5%) patients were prescribed a sedative for sleep disturbance. Most patients were prescribed lorazepam (52 [26%]), followed by haloperidol (47 [23.5%]), and zopiclone (33 [16.5%]). Benzodiazepine and zopiclone prescribing decreased over time, while antipsychotic prescribing remained stable. When analyzed according to the most likely cause of the sleep disturbance, patients with insomnia had a higher Palliative Performance Score (P < .035) and were more likely to have a previous medical history of insomnia (P < .0003) than those with delirium. Both insomnia and delirium were quickly diagnosed but patients with unclear sleep disturbances took longer to recognize and treat. Conclusion: These results suggest that sleep disturbances are common at the end of life and can be challenging to categorize. Using specific criteria may be helpful in differentiating insomnia versus delirium and ultimately lead to more consistent approaches to management.

Impairment of medical decision-making capacity is common in acutely ill patients especially those with solid malignancies. Many of these patients lack advance directives and healthcare proxies leaving clinicians with unclear guidance on subsequent treatment decisions and few existing mechanisms to address this issue. We present a case of a 55-year-old man with recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma who lacked decision-making capacity due to cognitive impairment. He did not have an advance directive or documented healthcare proxy. He declined curative-intent cancer-directed therapy. The dilemma of treatment over objection was carefully explored and the patient ultimately underwent palliative radiation therapy. We advocate for a multidisciplinary framework in which all potential interventions both curative and palliative including treatment over objection are thoughtfully and carefully explored. We illustrate the need for improved guidance and approaches to ensure that these patients who lack decision-making capacity have access to potentially life-saving and therapeutic interventions.

ObjectiveNecrotizing pancreatitis (NP) is a severe form of pancreatitis that often necessitates intensive care and can result in significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate racial and gender disparities in palliative care (PC) utilization among mechanically-ventilated patients with NP.MethodsIn this retrospective analysis using the National Inpatient Sample from 2016 to 2020, we investigated 84 335 patients with NP requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, and the utilization of PC services and their disparities based on gender and race. To adjust for potential confounding factors, we employed multivariable logistic regression, ensuring that our findings account for various influencing variables and provide a robust analysis of the data.ResultsAmong the patients studied, 15.4% utilized PC consultations. Notably, female patients were 12% more likely to utilize PC than their male counterparts (OR 1.1, 95% CI: 1.003-1.2; P = .008). Racial disparities were pronounced: African Americans (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7-0.9, P < .001), Hispanic (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7-0.9, P = .001), and Asian or Pacific Islander patients (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.57-0.97; P = .03) had significantly lower odds of utilizing PC compared to White patients. The cohort utilizing PC had a higher in-hospital mortality rate (74.7% vs 24.8%; OR 8.2, 95% CI 7.7-9.2) but a shorter mean hospital stays and lower associated costs.ConclusionsOur findings indicate significant racial and gender disparities in the utilization of PC for intubated patients with NP, with lower utilization among males and minority populations. These findings emphasize the urgent requirement for comprehensive changes in healthcare protocols.

Objective: It has been reported that chronically critical patients and patients at high risk of death have moderate to high levels of thirst distress. It was planned as a descriptive and cross-sectional study to determine thirst distress in palliative care patients. Methods: A Patient Information Form, the Thirst Severity Form, and the Thirst Distress Scale were used for data collection. The research was carried out between March 2023 and July 2023 with 157 patients hospitalized in the palliative care services of a state hospital and a training and research hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Results: Of the patients, 51.6% were female. The mean thirst distress score of the patients was 23.96 ± 5.096. Of the patients, 0.6% had no thirst distress; 7.6% had mild, 48.4% had moderate, 38.9% had high, and 4.5% had severe thirst distress. Thirst scores of patients who were illiterate and did not smoke or drink alcohol were high (P < .05). The thirst distress score of patients fed with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was higher than that of patients fed with total parenteral nutrition. There was a positive weak correlation between age and thirst distress score, a negative very weak correlation between fluid balance and thirst distress score, and a positive moderate correlation between Visual Analog Scale and thirst distress. Conclusion: Thirst distress was found to be at moderate and high levels in palliative care patients. In patients, thirst should be routinely assessed, and necessary interventions should be planned.