Noropsikiyatri Arsivi-Archives of Neuropsychiatry最新文献

Introduction: We aimed to examine the relationship between autistic traits, internet addiction and multidimensional perceived social support in individuals aged over 18 years in a non-clinical population sample.

Methods: Volunteers were invited to the study via social media and e-mail, and the data were collected using an online questionnaire form. The research sample consists of 355 participants. The socio-demographic and internet usage information of the participants were collected via the Personal Information Form. Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), Young-Internet Addiction Test (Y-IAT), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) which were administered to the participants.

Results: As the AQ scores increased, the scores of the Y-IAT also increased, and MSPSS and SWLS scores decreased. According to our results, autistic traits (ATs) were associated with internet addiction, perceived social support and life satisfaction. A positive and significant relationship was found between internet addiction and the sub-dimensions of the autism spectrum questionnaire, such as social skills, shifting attention, attention to detail and communication scores. We stated that 10% of the total variance regarding internet addiction, 8% of the total variance regarding social support and 2% of the total variance regarding life satisfaction are explained by autistic traits. Also, as the level of internet addiction increases, the perceived social support and life satisfaction levels decrease.

Conclusion: Individuals with more ATs are more prone to internet addiction. ATs negatively predicted the perceived social support and life satisfaction. Preventive and therapeutic algorithms need to be developed for individuals with autistic traits.

Introduction: Misophonia is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterised by abnormally extreme reactions to certain sensory stimuli. In this paper, we aimed to investigate the effect of the individual producing the human-generated trigger sound on the level of discomfort reported to the trigger sound. Our hypothesis was that when the misophonic sound is presented with the information that it is produced by a relative, it will create more subjective discomfort than the sound presented with the information that is not produced by a relative.

Methods: This experimental study was conducted with 15 participants aged 18-65 years living in Antalya who volunteered to participate in the study.

Results: In the first comparison, participants reported more subjective discomfort when the voice from the sound bank was presented with the information that it was produced by the relative than when the relative's voice was presented with the information that it was not produced by the relative (p<0.001). In the second comparison, participants reported more subjective discomfort when the voice of the relative was presented with the information that it was produced by the relative than when the voice of the relative was presented with the information that it was not produced by the relative (p=0.001). In the final comparison, there was no significant difference in subjective discomfort between presenting the voice of the voice bank with the information that it was produced by the relative and presenting the voice of the relative with the information that it was produced by the relative (p=0.783).

Conclusion: In conclusion, it seems source of the trigger, especially for human-made sounds, is more important than the trigger sound itself.

Introductıon: Long-reported dual comorbidity between migraine and sleep disorders suggests that some gene variations may play a role in this relationship. Our previous study found an association between poor sleep quality and the G allele of the hypocretin receptor 1 (HCRTR1) rs2271933 gene in patients with chronic migraine (CM). This study aimed to examine the relationship of this gene with some sleep parameters.

Methods: The present study was designed cross-sectional in the Mersin University Neurology Clinic between January 2000 and February 2018. Patients aged 18-75 years with CM according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 (ICHD-3) criteria were included. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate the sleep quality of the patients. Patients were divided into two groups according to PSQI scores <6 or ≥6. Genotyping was performed for the HCRTR1 rs2271933 gene.

Results: Among the 100 patients with CM, only the data of those (n=67) with poor sleep quality were included in this study. The mean age of patients was 40.9±11.8%, and the female rate was 89.6%. We detected that increasing the time to fall asleep (p=0.369) and the rate of poor sleep quality (p=0.461) and also shortening sleep duration (p=0.016) with the increase of G allele carrier of HCRTR1 rs2271933 gene.

Conclusıon: As the G allele carrier of the HCRTR1 rs2271933 gene increased, a shorter sleep duration was observed. This finding may contribute to studies on the physiological roles of orexins.

[This corrects the article on p. 248 in vol. 61.].

Introduction: The aim of the study is to determine the role of upper motor neuron (UMN) or lower motor neuron (LMN) dysfunction as the primary initiator of distal-proximal and lateral-medial gradients of muscle involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Methods: Concentric needle electromyography recordings were performed in deltoid, abductor digiti minimi, and first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscles in patients with ALS and controls during slight voluntary contraction needed to activate two motor units (MU). Five motor unit potential (MUP) pairs were recorded from each muscle. Motor unit potential analyses were performed offline using Multi-MUP analysis program. Quantitative MUP parameters, MU firing rate (FR), FR variability (FRV), and mean consecutive difference (MCD) were calculated. Motor-evoked potentials and the triple stimulation technique (TST) were performed to evaluate UMN involvement.

Results: Twenty patients with ALS along with 20 age and sex-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled. Quantitative MUP parameters compatible with denervation and reinnervation were found in patients with ALS, who also showed higher FR, FRV, and MCD values, most prominently in FDI. First dorsal interosseous FRV was lower in patients with abnormal central motor conduction time (CMCT). Firing rate and FRV were negatively correlated with CMCT, but not with TST.

Conclusion: Distal limb muscles, particularly FDI, revealed more prominent FR abnormalities in patients with ALS in parallel with the distal-proximal and lateral-medial gradients of the selective muscle involvement pattern which seems predominantly to be correlated with LMN dysfunction. Reduced FRV may be associated with the presence of UMN dysfunction in ALS.

Intoduction: A severe infection such as COVID-19 may trigger a stroke. The imaging and clinical features of patients with COVID-19 are not well-defined. We aimed to analyze neuroimaging and clinical features of stroke patients with COVID-19.

Methods: The demographic and clinical data of 21 stroke cases with confirmed COVID-19 (StrokeCov) between April 2020-May 2021 were collected prospectively. An experienced stroke neurologist evaluated neuroimaging findings. A control group of gender, age, and risk factors adjusted 104 stroke patients were included.

Results: Mean age was 66.3 (±13.3) and 66.2 (±13) years in the StrokeCov group and control group (CG), with similar male-to-female ratios (85%) and without significant difference regarding diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and atrial fibrillation between groups (p>0.05). Infarcts were most frequently seen in the territory of middle cerebral artery (8 patients; 40%), followed by multiple arterial territories (6 patients; 30%). Ischemic lesions were more frequently localized in both anterior and posterior vascular systems in StrokeCov group (3 patients; 15%) in comparison to CG (2 patients; 2%; p=0.02). Although, hemorrhagic transformation was observed more frequently in StrokeCov group (6 patients; 30%) than CG (11 patients; 10%; p=0.02); statistically significant difference was not seen in terms of acute and preventive treatments given to both groups. The mRS scores on discharge were worse in the StrokeCov group (p<0.00).

Conclusion: Ischemic stroke lesions in StrokeCov group are more likely to be localized on multiple arterial territories and develop hemorrhagic transformation. Poor clinical outcome and in-hospital death are more common in stroke due to COVID-19.

Bariatric surgery rates have been increasing in the treatment of obesity worldwide recently. In addition to many physical changes after bariatric surgery, the bioavailability of medications can also be significantly affected. In this article, we present a 51-year-old female patient diagnosed with lithium toxicity after sleeve gastrectomy surgery. The patient started to show gastrointestinal symptoms post-surgery after 37 days. She was initially followed up with the diagnosis of gastroenteritis and continued to use lithium. Subsequently, neurological symptoms were added, and she was diagnosed with lithium toxicity. During the toxicity treatment, elevated mood were also observed. We aimed to emphasize the importance of post-bariatric surgery follow-up for patients undergoing psychiatric treatments, especially those using lithium, focusing on both medication management and monitoring of clinical symptoms.

Dropped head syndrome is a common complication of various neurological disorders. Most commonly, dropped head syndrome is due to primary or secondary myopathy. However, neurodegenerative diseases and various other conditions can also be complicated by dropped head syndrome. Among the primary myopathies, dropped head occurs most commonly in association with mitochondrial disorders, congenital myasthenic syndrome, and axial myopathies. Among the secondary myopathies, dropped occurs most commonly in association with inflammatory myopathies. Myasthenia is the most common transmission disorder associated with dropped head syndrome. The neurodegenerative disorder most commonly associated with dropped head syndrome is Parkinson syndrome. The diagnosis and treatment of dropped head syndrome from any cause requires a multidisciplinary approach. Outcome varies considerably but early diagnosis and early treatment are associated with a more favourable outcome.

Introduction: First-episode schizophrenia is a prevalent psychiatric disorder with a complex etiology. This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of risperidone in treating patients with first-episode schizophrenia.

Methods: A literature search was conducted to identify studies on the efficacy of risperidone for first-episode schizophrenia. The literature was evaluated for quality, and a meta-analysis was then performed.

Results: A total of 15 articles (6 in Chinese and 9 in English) were included. The meta-analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the cure rate (relative risk [RR]=0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.46-0.57, p <0.001) and the total marked improvement rate (RR=0.58, 95% CI: 0.52-0.65, p <0.001) favoring risperidone over control groups. The incidence of weight gain (p <0.001) and extrapyramidal symptoms (p=0.005) was higher with risperidone.

Conclusion: Risperidone shows increased cure and effective rates compared with control groups (including placebo and other antipsychotics) in the treatment of patients with first-episode schizophrenia. However, it may increase the risk of extrapyramidal reactions and weight gain.

Introduction: Research shows that stimuli rated for their relevance to a survival scenario have a higher recall probability when compared to other deep encoding conditions. This phenomenon, known as survival memory advantage, is a robust finding that has been demonstrated by various experimental manipulations. The current study aimed to examine associations between participants' psychological markers (perceived stress, anxiety, coping, cognitive control, and flexibility) and their memory performance in survival and other encoding conditions (fight, flight, and pleasantness).

Methods: A total of 141 undergraduates aged 18-35 years participated voluntarily in the study. Four scenario situations (fight, flight, survival, or pleasantness) were randomly allocated to participants, and then they were given a list of words to rate for their relevance to the scenarios. Participants were given a free recall task to measure their memory, while some psychological scales (perceived stress, anxiety level, coping strategies, cognitive control, and flexibility) were administered to assess their psychological markers.

Results: Survival conditions yielded the highest correct recall. Pairwise comparisons showed that difference between survival and pleasant conditions was significant (p<0.05). The other conditions did not differ significantly from one another. Regression analyses revealed that anxiety level may explain 13% of variance in survival condition and 14% of variance in fight condition. No significant effect was found on flight conditions.

Conclusion: Recall performance did not significantly differ between survival, fight, and flight conditions. However, anxiety level in survival conditions and support seeking in fight condition were found to be negative predictors of recollection. According to these results, associations between concepts of anxiety and survival, and between support seeking and fight (struggle) in human mind determine memory processes at a significant level. Individuals' psychological characteristics and coping strategies have different effects on recall depending on the context.