Noropsikiyatri Arsivi-Archives of Neuropsychiatry最新文献

Introduction: The present study was carried out to investigate how resveratrol administration affects retinal SIRT1 levels and retinal tissue damage in diabetic elderly female rats.

Methods: A total of 24 elderly female rats were divided equally into 4 groups (G): G1, Control; G2, Control + Resveratrol; G3, Diabetes; G4, Diabetes + Resveratrol. Experimental diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in G3 and G4. The G2 and G4 were given intraperitoneal (ip) resveratrol (5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks in addition to the normal diet. After 4-weeks of resveratrol treatment, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) gene expression and malondialdehyde (MDA) ve glutathione (GSH) levels were determined by PCR and ELISA, respectively, in retinal tissue samples of the animals.

Results: The highest retinal MDA values were in the diabetes group (G3), the highest retinal GSH levels were in the Diabetes + Resveratrol group (G4). The retinal MDA and GSH levels of the other groups were not different from each other. The highest retinal SIRT1 expression values were in the Diabetes + Resveratrol (G4) group. The retinal SIRT1 expression values of the diabetes group (G3) were lower than G4, and higher than the G1 and G2. Retinal SIRT1 expression values of the G1 and G2 were not different from each other.

Conclusion: Resveratrol supplementation prevented retinal tissue damage that occurs in diabetic-aged female rats. This antidiabetic effect of resveratrol supplementation occurs by increasing both antioxidant activity and SIRT1 expression in diabetic-aged rats.

Introduction: Neurosarcoidosis (NS) represents the most severe complication of sarcoidosis. NS exhibits a diverse array of clinical and radiological features that mimic many inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic neurological disorders. In our study, we evaluated the demographic, clinical, laboratory, and imaging features of patients with NS.

Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we included patients with definite and probable NS with at least 6-months of follow-up. Diagnostic tests, including cerebrospinal fluid analysis and imaging findings, lesion localization, therapeutic interventions, and disease course were evaluated. The modified Rankin scale was employed as a metric to assess the severity of the disease.

Results: Fourteen patients met the inclusion criteria; two were definitively diagnosed with NS through brain biopsy, while twelve received a probable NS diagnosis based on biopsies of non-neuronal tissues. The predominant initial manifestation of NS was cranial neuropathy (64.3%), with facial palsy emerging as the most prevalent subset (35.7%). Five patients exhibited parenchymal involvement, while leptomeningeal involvement was noted in two. All patients were treated with corticosteroids, with nine individuals (64.3%) necessitating additional immunosuppressive interventions. Stable disease or improvement was observed in the majority of patients (85.7%), albeit one case resulted in mortality.

Conclusion: We observed favorable outcomes in the majority of patients. Nevertheless, it's imperative to acknowledge that NS can lead to both mortality and severe morbidity. Recognizing clinical patterns is vital for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. However, there is an existing gap in management, underscoring the necessity for randomized controlled trials aimed at elucidating optimal treatment strategies.

Introduction: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effect of comorbid substance use disorders (SUD), sleep quality and circadian rhythm in patients with type 1 bipolar disorder (BD) in the euthymic period.

Method: A total of 100 patients with a diagnosis of BD were divided into two groups of 50 patients each: the group with the sole diagnosis of BD (Group 1) and the group with the secondary diagnosis of SUD (Group 2). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (R) Disorders - Clinician Version (SCID-5-CV) conducted with 100 patients in the remission period for diagnostic clarity and identification of the SUD comorbidity. Sociodemographic Data Form, Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Morningness Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) were used.

Results: Groups were compared in terms of sleep quality and circadian rhythm characteristics; PSQI and ESS to evaluate sleep quality and daytime sleepiness; MEQ and BRIAN were used to determine chronotype and biological rhythm characteristics. Pittsburgh sleep quality index showing decreased sleep quality in group 2, ESS showing increased sleepiness and BRIAN showing biological rhythm irregularity were significantly higher (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between both groups in MEQ, which determined the chronotype preference. In addition, further comparisons were made by dividing Group 2 according to dominant substance use as alcohol, cannabis and other (amphetamine, opiate) Sleep (p=0.011) and social subscale values (p<0.001) from the BRIAN subscales of Group 1 were lower than in the cannabis group. The PSQI value of Group 1 was lower than that of Cannabis and other groups (p<0.001). In addition, the MEQ value of Group 1 was found to be lower than in the alcohol group (p=0.007). The evening chronotype was more prevalent in Group 1 and the morning chronotype was more prevalent in the patients with comorbid alcohol use disorder.

Conclusion: It was determined that dual diagnosis of SUD negatively affected sleep quality, increased daytime sleepiness and caused deterioration in circadian rhythm, and there was no significant change in chronotype preference in patients with BD. In addition, in patients accompanied by cannabis use; it was determined that there was a greater deterioration in biological rhythm and sleep quality.

Introduction: The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is adversely affected in people living with epilepsy (PLWE). Psychological interventions are widely used to enhance HRQoL. The current study aims to review studies examining the effects of psychological group interventions in PLWE.

Method: We included randomized controlled quantitative studies published between 2000 and 2023 investigating the effectiveness of psychological group interventions in PLWE aged 18 and over. A total of 10 randomized controlled studies met the inclusion criteria of the review.

Results: The reviewed studies included self-management interventions, psychotherapeutic interventions, psychoeducational interventions, and combined interventions involving different types of interventions. The most frequently targeted outcome variables in the interventions were quality of life (QoL) (90%), depression (60%), and self-management (30%). Analyses of the reviewed studies revealed that 67% of interventions targeting quality of life (QoL) improvement, 50% of interventions targeting depression reduction, and 100% of interventions targeting self-management skill enhancement were successful. Furthermore, in studies involving an active control group in which a different group intervention was applied, many of the gains achieved in the intervention groups were also achieved in the active control groups. Interventions conducted online yielded similarly successful results to face-to-face interventions.

Conclusion: Evidence suggests that psychological group interventions are beneficial for adult individuals living with epilepsy in terms of many outcome variables. Furthermore, positive outcomes observed in active control groups suggest that group interventions can significantly improve QoL for PLWE beyond the specific content delivered.

Introduction: Alzheimer's dementia (AD) is the most common type of dementia and it is important to detect AD by an appropriately cheap and non-invasive method in the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) phase, which is accepted as the prodromal phase of AD. We aimed to investigate whether AD patients, amnestic MCI (aMCI) patients, and healthy controls (HCs) could be distinguished from each other by using mismatch negativity (MMN) together with neuropsychological tests.

Methods: Twenty-one individuals with mild AD, 26 with aMCI, and 18 HCs matched for age, sex, and education were included. Sociodemographic data, neuropsychological tests, Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scores, and MMN parameters acquired using an auditory oddball paradigm with an interstimulus interval of 1 second were evaluated for all three groups.

Results: There was no difference in terms of MMN latencies but frontal MMN amplitude was significantly lower in AD patients compared to the aMCI and HC groups. Linear regression analysis revealed that IADL scores were predicted by the Fz amplitude and Mini Mental State Examination and apathy scores. Logistic regression analysis showed that Fz amplitude, verbal fluency, and Neuropsychiatric Inventory total scores distinguished AD patients from HCs, while the Stroop 5 completion time distinguished those with MCI from HCs. Age, Fz amplitude, and verbal fluency performance distinguished AD patients from individuals with MCI.

Conclusion: MMN might be a useful approach in differentiating AD from MCI and healthy aging when used together with neuropsychological tests rather than being used alone because it may be affected by confounding factors such as age, severity of temporoparietal neurodegeneration, and duration of the interstimulus interval.

Introduction: Breast cancer as a life-threatening disease is the most frequent malignant disease among women all over the world. Resulting in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, breast cancer may also be related to positive changes like post-traumatic growth (PTG). The present study aims to evaluate heart rate variability (HRV) parameters among female survivors of breast cancer regarding its relationship with PTSD and PTG.

Method: Forty-three women with stage 1-2-3 breast cancer were recruited. Heart rate variability parameters were measured with a 24-hour ECG. Post-traumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) were utilized to measure PTSD and PTG.

Results: The mean value of PCL-5 was 49.56; the mean value of PTGI was 71.56. Correlation analysis showed that PCL-5 was associated with SDNN (r=-0.310, p=0.043), LF (r=-0.349 p=0.022), and mean heart rate (r=0.396 p=0.009). Post-traumatic growth inventory scores were associated with LF/HF ratio (r=0.310 p=0.043). Linear regression analysis demonstrated that PCL-5 and PTGI scores predicted SDNN and mean heart rate.

Conclusion: PTSD and PTG symptoms are related to HRV parameters among female survivors of breast cancer. While PTSD symptoms are related to lower HRV and higher mean heart rate, PTG symptoms are associated with higher HRV and lower mean heart rate.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of blonanserin in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase) were searched. Studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of blonanserin in treating schizophrenia were inclued. The combined effect sizes were calculated using relative risk (RR), risk difference (RD) or mean difference (MD).

Results: Overall, 13 prospective studies involving 2,479 patients with schizophrenia were summarised and analysed. We selected five commonly used antipsychotic drugs, namely haloperidol, risperidone, olanzapine, paliperidone and aripiprazole. The meta-analysis showed that compared with a placebo, blonanserin significantly improved the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total scores (MD:-7.91; 95% confidence interval [CI]:-15.56, -0.26) and positive scores (MD:-2.48; 95% CI:-4.79, -0.18), and it was comparable with other Antipsychotic drugs regarding PANSS total scores, positive scores and general psychopathology scores. Additionally, the difference between blonanserin and haloperidol (MD:-0.75; 95% CI:-1.00, -0.50) on PANSS negative score changes was statistically significant. At the same time, the safety analysis revealed that compared with risperidone, blonanserin was associated with a lower risk of increased blood prolactin (RR:0.66; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.86), hyperprolactinemia (RR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.78) and weight gain (RD: -0.04; 95% CI: -0.07, -0.01) as well as a higher risk of akathisia (RD: 0.10; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.17). Moreover, it exhibited side-effects similar to those of other antipsychotic drugs regarding constipation, dizziness, headache, insomnia, muscle rigidity and hypersalivation.

Conclusion: Blonanserin is effective and safe in the treatment of schizophrenia, which is beneficial for guiding the clinical practice of schizophrenia treatment. However, more high-quality studies are needed in the future to validate its effect.

Introduction: Interoceptive awareness is defined as the processing of internal bodily signals and one's tendency to perceive these signals. In our study, it is aimed to conduct Turkish adaptation, reliability, and validity analysis of the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness in Youth (MAIA-Y).

Methods: 275 young people between the ages of 11-17 participated in our study. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied to confirm the factor structure of the Turkish version of MAIA-Y (MAIA-YT). Divergent validity was evaluated with Pearson correlation matrix plot. Internal consistency was determined using the "Cronbach's alpha" value. Paired sample t test or Wilcoxon test, Spearman's Correlation Coefficient, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) value and Bland-Altman graphical approach were used to evaluate test-retest reliability. The significance value was set at a p-value of <0.05.

Results: In our study, the fit measures are determined as χ²/df=1.612, CFI=0.898, GFI=0.869, TLI=0.882, IFI=0.901 and RMSEA=0.047, according to CFA. In accordance with the Pearson correlation matrix plot, there is a negative relationship between MAIA-YT subscales and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for internal consistency were found to be between 0.303-0.792 for the subscales of MAIA-YT and 0.793 for the whole scale, and in general the MAIA-YT was found to have reliable internal consistency. Intraclass correlation coefficients for test-retest reliability were found between 0.515-0.731. According to the Bland Altman graphs, the agreement between the test-retest results was found to be at a reliable level.

Conclusion: The MAIA-YT is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluation of interoceptive awareness in Turkish adolescents.

Introduction: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a serious psychiatric disorder that is common worldwide, and it is characterized by depressive and manic or hypomanic episodes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of psychological resilience on treatment adherence and functionality in patients diagnosed with BD.

Methods: The sample of the study consisted of a total of 111 patients, 56 women and 55 men, who were followed up with a diagnosis of BD. A Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics Form, the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST), and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) were used as data collection tools.

Results: A significant negative relationship was found between the RSA scores and FAST scores of the patients (r_s=-0.762; p<0.001). It was observed that resilience predicted functionality and treatment adherence. It was determined that each 1-unit increase in RSA scores caused a 0.021unit decrease in functionality scores (p<0.001). It was observed that each 1-unit increase in RSA total scores increased the probability of good treatment adherence by 1.336 times (p<0.001).

Conclusion: In our study, it was observed that high psychological resilience had positive effects on functionality and treatment adherence in patients with BD.