Noropsikiyatri Arsivi-Archives of Neuropsychiatry最新文献

Intoduction: A severe infection such as COVID-19 may trigger a stroke. The imaging and clinical features of patients with COVID-19 are not well-defined. We aimed to analyze neuroimaging and clinical features of stroke patients with COVID-19.

Methods: The demographic and clinical data of 21 stroke cases with confirmed COVID-19 (StrokeCov) between April 2020-May 2021 were collected prospectively. An experienced stroke neurologist evaluated neuroimaging findings. A control group of gender, age, and risk factors adjusted 104 stroke patients were included.

Results: Mean age was 66.3 (±13.3) and 66.2 (±13) years in the StrokeCov group and control group (CG), with similar male-to-female ratios (85%) and without significant difference regarding diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and atrial fibrillation between groups (p>0.05). Infarcts were most frequently seen in the territory of middle cerebral artery (8 patients; 40%), followed by multiple arterial territories (6 patients; 30%). Ischemic lesions were more frequently localized in both anterior and posterior vascular systems in StrokeCov group (3 patients; 15%) in comparison to CG (2 patients; 2%; p=0.02). Although, hemorrhagic transformation was observed more frequently in StrokeCov group (6 patients; 30%) than CG (11 patients; 10%; p=0.02); statistically significant difference was not seen in terms of acute and preventive treatments given to both groups. The mRS scores on discharge were worse in the StrokeCov group (p<0.00).

Conclusion: Ischemic stroke lesions in StrokeCov group are more likely to be localized on multiple arterial territories and develop hemorrhagic transformation. Poor clinical outcome and in-hospital death are more common in stroke due to COVID-19.

Bariatric surgery rates have been increasing in the treatment of obesity worldwide recently. In addition to many physical changes after bariatric surgery, the bioavailability of medications can also be significantly affected. In this article, we present a 51-year-old female patient diagnosed with lithium toxicity after sleeve gastrectomy surgery. The patient started to show gastrointestinal symptoms post-surgery after 37 days. She was initially followed up with the diagnosis of gastroenteritis and continued to use lithium. Subsequently, neurological symptoms were added, and she was diagnosed with lithium toxicity. During the toxicity treatment, elevated mood were also observed. We aimed to emphasize the importance of post-bariatric surgery follow-up for patients undergoing psychiatric treatments, especially those using lithium, focusing on both medication management and monitoring of clinical symptoms.

Dropped head syndrome is a common complication of various neurological disorders. Most commonly, dropped head syndrome is due to primary or secondary myopathy. However, neurodegenerative diseases and various other conditions can also be complicated by dropped head syndrome. Among the primary myopathies, dropped head occurs most commonly in association with mitochondrial disorders, congenital myasthenic syndrome, and axial myopathies. Among the secondary myopathies, dropped occurs most commonly in association with inflammatory myopathies. Myasthenia is the most common transmission disorder associated with dropped head syndrome. The neurodegenerative disorder most commonly associated with dropped head syndrome is Parkinson syndrome. The diagnosis and treatment of dropped head syndrome from any cause requires a multidisciplinary approach. Outcome varies considerably but early diagnosis and early treatment are associated with a more favourable outcome.

Introduction: First-episode schizophrenia is a prevalent psychiatric disorder with a complex etiology. This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of risperidone in treating patients with first-episode schizophrenia.

Methods: A literature search was conducted to identify studies on the efficacy of risperidone for first-episode schizophrenia. The literature was evaluated for quality, and a meta-analysis was then performed.

Results: A total of 15 articles (6 in Chinese and 9 in English) were included. The meta-analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the cure rate (relative risk [RR]=0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.46-0.57, p <0.001) and the total marked improvement rate (RR=0.58, 95% CI: 0.52-0.65, p <0.001) favoring risperidone over control groups. The incidence of weight gain (p <0.001) and extrapyramidal symptoms (p=0.005) was higher with risperidone.

Conclusion: Risperidone shows increased cure and effective rates compared with control groups (including placebo and other antipsychotics) in the treatment of patients with first-episode schizophrenia. However, it may increase the risk of extrapyramidal reactions and weight gain.

Introduction: Research shows that stimuli rated for their relevance to a survival scenario have a higher recall probability when compared to other deep encoding conditions. This phenomenon, known as survival memory advantage, is a robust finding that has been demonstrated by various experimental manipulations. The current study aimed to examine associations between participants' psychological markers (perceived stress, anxiety, coping, cognitive control, and flexibility) and their memory performance in survival and other encoding conditions (fight, flight, and pleasantness).

Methods: A total of 141 undergraduates aged 18-35 years participated voluntarily in the study. Four scenario situations (fight, flight, survival, or pleasantness) were randomly allocated to participants, and then they were given a list of words to rate for their relevance to the scenarios. Participants were given a free recall task to measure their memory, while some psychological scales (perceived stress, anxiety level, coping strategies, cognitive control, and flexibility) were administered to assess their psychological markers.

Results: Survival conditions yielded the highest correct recall. Pairwise comparisons showed that difference between survival and pleasant conditions was significant (p<0.05). The other conditions did not differ significantly from one another. Regression analyses revealed that anxiety level may explain 13% of variance in survival condition and 14% of variance in fight condition. No significant effect was found on flight conditions.

Conclusion: Recall performance did not significantly differ between survival, fight, and flight conditions. However, anxiety level in survival conditions and support seeking in fight condition were found to be negative predictors of recollection. According to these results, associations between concepts of anxiety and survival, and between support seeking and fight (struggle) in human mind determine memory processes at a significant level. Individuals' psychological characteristics and coping strategies have different effects on recall depending on the context.

Introduction: The study aims to compare childhood traumas, attachment styles, impulsivity, and quality of life of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) patients in remission with healthy controls and to reveal the relationships between these parameters.

Methods: The study included one hundred patients diagnosed with OUD and one hundred healthy volunteers. Sociodemographic data form, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders Clinician Version, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Relationship Scales Questionnaire, Barratt Impulsivity Scale-11, World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Brief Version and Substance Craving Scale were administered.

Results: Emotional abuse, physical abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect scores were higher in the OUD group (p<0.001, p=0.004, p<0.001, p=0.005, respectively). Attachment styles were found to be similar in the OUD and healthy control groups. A comparison of quality of life scores revealed that general health, physical health, and social relationships subscale scores were lower in the OUD group (p=0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). Unplanned impulsivity scores were higher in the OUD (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis found strong associations between age, smoking, physical neglect, and unplanned impulsivity with opioid use.

Conclusion: The patients with OUD have a lower quality of life and experience more childhood trauma. Attachment styles in OUD appear similar to healthy controls. Age, smoking, physical neglect, and unplanned impulsivity have strong associations with opioid use.

Introduction: USP9X has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders due to its role in synaptic development and neural function. This study aimed to compare USP9X and TGF-β levels in children with autism and healthy controls, and explore their relationship with autism severity.

Methods: Serum USP9X and TGF-β levels were measured in 41 healthy control children (aged 3-12 years) and 41 children with autism.

Results: Our study revealed a significant increase in USP9X levels (p=0.001) among children with autism compared to controls. However, TGF-β levels showed no significant difference between the two groups. Furthermore, we observed a positive correlation between difficulty in making eye contact subscale and blood levels of both USP9X and TGF-β.

Conclusions: This study is the first to compare serum USP9X levels in children with autism to healthy controls. Our findings suggest USP9X's potential role in autism development, emphasizing the need for further research on its involvement in neurodevelopmental processes.

Organ transplantation practices have witnessed tremendous advances all over the world and in Türkiye in recent years, and the pre-transplantation preparation, operation and postoperative follow-up procedures are being meticulously handled. However, there is very limited information about follow-up processes of pediatric patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) undergoing organ transplantation. Furthermore, it is difficult to manage the arduous and long-term care and follow-up processes in ASD cases undergoing organ transplantation. In this case report, an 11-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of ASD and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was reviewed psychiatrically for the suitability of ventricular assist device (VAD) implantation and heart transplantation, and the multidisciplinary council process was evaluated. The council decided that the case was suitable for heart transplantation but not suitable for long-term intracorporeal device implantation due to behaviors such as plucking wounds, playing with vascular access, and being nervous about vascular access. The council stated that due to sensory hypersensitivity of the case, implantation of such a device may further increase anxiety, and involuntary damage to the device may result in personal harm. We hope that this case report will guide future endeavors to develop devices suitable for cases with ASD or other behavioral problems.

Introduction: Since there are not enough scales to evaluate the cognitive performance of adolescents in Türkiye, the aim of this study is to conduct a reliability and validity study of the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence-3 (TONI-3) for individuals aged between 14 and 17.

Methods: A total of 566 children between the ages of 14-17 were included in the study. A form of TONI-3 test was administered to all participants. Test-retest and parallel form application were made for reliability analyses, and Raven Standard Progressive Matrices Test (RSPM) and Naglieri Nonverbal Ability Test (NNAT-I) tests were applied for validity analyses.

Results: It has been found that the TONI-3 Test has a high reliability with an average reliability coefficient of 0.92. It was determined that there was a high, positive and significant relationship between Form A and Form B of the TONI-3 Test (r=0.76, p<0.01). The correlation coefficient between the scores was found to be 0.83 between the first application of the TONI-3 test and the test repeated after 4 weeks. A high, positive and significant correlation was found between TONI-3 Test, RSPM Test and NNAT-I (r=0.69, p<0.01; r=0.81, p<0.01).

Conclusion: This study revealed evidence of the reliability and validity of the TONI-3 test between the ages of 14-17. This is the first study of the TONI-3 test in this age group. It is thought that clinicians can practically evaluate cognitive abilities in children who are clinically referred to or determined to have behavior disorders at school through this test.