Marine and Coastal Fisheries最新文献_第4页

Using Bayesian multispecies models to evaluate fish and invertebrate detection probability and distribution in the hypersaline Bahia Grande tidal basin 利用贝叶斯多物种模型评估巴伊亚格兰德高盐度潮汐盆地中鱼类和无脊椎动物的探测概率和分布情况

IF 1.7 3区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Marine and Coastal Fisheries

Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1002/mcf2.10288

Roy M. Ulibarri, Catherine Eckert, David Hicks, Mike Montagne, Brandon Jones, David R. Stewart

Objective

In 2000, the Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge acquired the Bahia Grande (Texas) management unit, a space that had lain barren and arid for 70 years. A large cooperative partnership launched a restoration project to replenish the basin and recover its original tidal hydrology. In 2005, the construction of a pilot channel successfully restored water throughout the basin, and plans to eventually widen the channel were developed. Our study aims to evaluate an estuarine habitat restoration by assessing ecological drivers and the impacts on species diversity.

Methods

We evaluated species richness, detection/occupancy rates, and species–habitat relationships, and we estimated the sampling effort required to achieve a given level of relative precision if relative abundance was used instead of occupancy to inform future sampling. Sampling gear included bag seines for juvenile life stages and gill nets for capturing subadult and adult life stages. For analysis, we used a Bayesian negative binomial linear mixed-effects model to evaluate richness–habitat relationships and a hierarchical Bayesian multispecies model to evaluate individual species–habitat relationships, and we calculated the total number of fish captured and relative standard error by gear and sample year to produce a precise estimate of relative abundance.

Result

Overall, 29 species were caught between 2018 and 2021. Salinity emerged as a clear driver in the Bahia Grande, as both species richness and individual-level responses were negatively associated with high salinity values. We found that catch estimated as relative abundance had much variability, as is typical of most survey programs assuming constant detectability, and the number of net sets or seine hauls required to achieve a given level of relative precision varied considerably depending on the species, season, year, and gear type. The most collected species were found in the upper extremes of their salinity tolerances—potentially a unique adaptation to this hypersaline system.

Conclusion

Baseline data suggest that for the channel widening to be successful, there must be a noticeable increase in suitable habitat characteristics throughout the basin.

目标 2000 年，阿塔斯科萨湖国家野生动物保护区获得了巴伊亚格兰德（得克萨斯州）管理单元，该区域 70 年来一直荒芜干旱。一个大型合作项目启动了一个恢复项目，以补充盆地水量并恢复其原有的潮汐水文。2005 年，试点河道的建设成功恢复了整个流域的水量，并制定了最终拓宽河道的计划。我们的研究旨在通过评估生态驱动因素及其对物种多样性的影响来评估河口生境恢复情况。方法我们评估了物种丰富度、检测/占用率以及物种与栖息地的关系，并估算了如果使用相对丰度而不是占用率来指导未来的取样工作，那么要达到一定的相对精度水平所需的取样工作量。取样工具包括用于捕获幼体的袋式围网和用于捕获亚成体和成体的刺网。在分析中，我们使用贝叶斯负二项线性混合效应模型来评估物种丰富度与栖息地的关系，并使用分层贝叶斯多物种模型来评估单个物种与栖息地的关系，我们还按渔具和取样年份计算了捕获的鱼类总数和相对标准误差，以得出相对丰度的精确估算值。结果在 2018 年至 2021 年期间，共捕获了 29 个物种。盐度显然是大巴伊亚河的一个驱动因素，因为物种丰富度和个体水平反应都与高盐度值呈负相关。我们发现，以相对丰度估算的渔获量具有很大的可变性，这在大多数假定可探测性恒定的调查项目中很典型，而且达到特定相对精度水平所需的套网或围网拖网数量也因物种、季节、年份和渔具类型的不同而有很大差异。采集到最多的物种是在其盐度耐受能力的上极值发现的--这可能是对这一低盐系统的独特适应。结论基线数据表明，要想成功拓宽河道，必须明显增加整个流域的适宜栖息地特征。

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引用次数: 0

Variation in energy density of northwest Atlantic forage species: Ontogenetic, seasonal, annual, and spatial patterns 西北大西洋饲料物种能量密度的变化：个体发育、季节、年度和空间模式

IF 1.7 3区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Marine and Coastal Fisheries

Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1002/mcf2.10287

Mark J. Wuenschel, Kelcie A. Bean, Tara Rajaniemi, Kenneth Oliveira

Objective

Energy density (ED) estimates for marine forage species have been limited, impeding our understanding of this important trophic level. We studied the EDs of eight key forage species: Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus, Atlantic Herring Clupea harengus, Silver Hake Merluccius bilinearis, Northern Sand Lance Ammodytes dubius, Atlantic Mackerel Scomber scombrus, Butterfish Peprilus triacanthus, northern shortfin squid Illex illecebrosus, and longfin inshore squid Doryteuthis pealeii (also known as Loligo pealeii).

Methods

Samples were obtained during spring and fall bottom trawl surveys across five regions (Gulf of Maine, Georges Bank, southern New England, northern Middle Atlantic Bight, and southern Middle Atlantic Bight) from 2017 to 2019. In the laboratory, we developed predictive relations between the percent dry weight (%DW) and ED (kJ/g wet weight) determined by proximate composition analysis (n = 606; r² = 0.76–0.98) to estimate the ED of additional samples (n = 4583). For each species, we modeled ED as a function of size, depth, season, and year (as factors) as well as location (latitude, longitude) using generalized additive models (GAMs).

Result

Alewife, Atlantic Herring, Northern Sand Lance, Atlantic Mackerel, and Butterfish were classified as high-quality prey (ED > 6 kJ/g), although Atlantic Herring ED was nearly half the values reported in earlier studies. Silver Hake, northern shortfin squid, and longfin inshore squid were classified as moderate-quality prey (4 kJ/g < ED < 6 kJ/g). Most species had higher EDs in the fall following summer feeding than in the spring after spawning and/or reduced winter feeding. The best-fitting GAMs included weight, depth (by season), season, and year effects for most species. Location (by season) explained significant amounts of variation.

Conclusion

Observed variation in ED across regions, species, seasons, and years provides the empirical data necessary to consider hypotheses related to “upstream” regulation of ED (via environmental drivers and productivity) and “downstream” effects on recruitment for these forage species as well the species that prey on them.

目标海洋饵料物种的能量密度（ED）估计值一直很有限，妨碍了我们对这一重要营养级的了解。我们研究了八种主要饵料物种的能量密度：它们是：金花鱼（Alosa pseudoharengus）、大西洋鲱鱼（Clupea harengus）、银鳕鱼（Merluccius bilinearis）、北沙矛鱼（Ammodytes dubius）、大西洋鲭鱼（Scomber scombrus）、黄油鱼（Peprilus triacanthus）、北方短鳍鱿鱼（Illex illecebrosus）和长鳍近岸鱿鱼（Doryteuthis pealeii，又称 Loligo pealeii）。方法在 2017 年至 2019 年期间，我们在五个地区（缅因湾、乔治斯滩、新英格兰南部、中大西洋湾北部和中大西洋湾南部）的春季和秋季底拖网调查中获得了样本。在实验室中，我们在近似成分分析（n = 606；r2 = 0.76-0.98）确定的干重百分比（%DW）和 ED（kJ/g 湿重）之间建立了预测关系，以估算其他样本（n = 4583）的 ED。对于每个物种，我们使用广义加法模型（GAMs）将ED模拟为大小、深度、季节和年份（作为因子）以及位置（纬度、经度）的函数。尽管大西洋鲱鱼的ED值几乎是早期研究中报告值的一半，但结果是阿利妻鱼、大西洋鲱鱼、北沙矛鱼、大西洋鲭鱼和黄油鱼被归类为优质猎物（ED > 6 kJ/g）。银鳕鱼、北方短鳍鱿鱼和长鳍近岸鱿鱼被归类为中等质量的猎物（4 kJ/g < ED < 6 kJ/g）。大多数物种在夏季摄食后的秋季的 ED 都高于产卵后的春季和/或冬季摄食量减少时的 ED。大多数物种的最佳拟合 GAM 包括体重、深度（按季节）、季节和年份效应。地点（按季节）可以解释大量的变化。结论观察到的 ED 在不同地区、物种、季节和年份的变化为考虑 ED 的 "上游 "调控（通过环境驱动因素和生产力）和 "下游 "对这些饵料物种以及捕食这些饵料物种的物种招募的影响的相关假设提供了必要的经验数据。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling potential consequences of climate-driven sex reversal on Southern and Summer Flounder population dynamics 模拟气候驱动的性别逆转对南比目鱼和夏比目鱼种群动态的潜在影响

IF 1.7 3区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Marine and Coastal Fisheries

Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1002/mcf2.10289

H. M. Conrad, H. K. Kindsvater

Objective

We investigate the interacting effects of fishery selectivity and sexual dimorphism by using the fisheries for Southern Flounder Paralichthys lethostigma and Summer Flounder P. dentatus as case studies. In both species, females are larger than males, and temperature-sensitive sex determination can lead to an increased proportion of males at sexual differentiation in warmer temperatures.

Methods

We developed a size-, age-, and sex-structured population dynamics model for each species to understand how temperature-induced sex reversal will interact with harvesting to impact population productivity. We considered scenarios with realistic sex ratios and varying levels of fishing pressure.

Result

Our models of these species show that population egg production, abundance, biomass, and catch will all be constrained if sex ratios at differentiation become more male-biased. For both species, climate-induced changes to the sex ratio in early-life stages could have a greater impact on relative catch than fishing mortality. We demonstrate that the spawning potential ratio may not be sensitive to climate-induced changes in the sex ratio unless we account for changes in the sex ratio at differentiation in the historic baseline reproductive potential.

Conclusion

These findings underscore the importance of utilizing sex-specific stock assessments for species with temperature-sensitive sex determination mechanisms.

目标我们以南方鲽（Paralichthys lethostigma）和夏比目鱼（P. dentatus）的渔业为案例，研究渔业选择性和性二型的相互作用。在这两个物种中，雌性都比雄性大，而对温度敏感的性别决定会导致雄性在温度较高时的性别分化比例增加。方法我们为每个物种建立了一个体型、年龄和性别结构的种群动力学模型，以了解温度引起的性别逆转将如何与捕捞相互作用，从而影响种群生产力。我们考虑了现实的性别比例和不同程度的捕捞压力。结果我们对这些物种的模型显示，如果分化时的性别比更偏向于雄性，那么种群的产卵量、丰度、生物量和捕获量都将受到限制。对这两个物种而言，气候引起的生命早期阶段性别比的变化对相对渔获量的影响可能比捕捞死亡率更大。我们证明，除非我们在历史基线生殖潜力中考虑到分化时性别比的变化，否则产卵潜力比可能对气候引起的性别比变化不敏感。结论这些发现强调了对具有对温度敏感的性别决定机制的物种进行特定性别种群评估的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating impacts of environmental stress and bioactive chemicals on the North Carolina blue crab population: An individual-based model 评估环境压力和生物活性化学品对北卡罗来纳州蓝蟹种群的影响：基于个体的模型

IF 1.7 3区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Marine and Coastal Fisheries

Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1002/mcf2.10286

Alex J. Rocco, Jie Cao, Yan Li, Laura M. Lee

Objective

Recent estimates of the North Carolina blue crab Callinectes sapidus stock found that the stock is overfished and overfishing is occurring. Threats outlined in the 2018 stock assessment include climate change and estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EEDCs). The objective of this study was to use an individual-based modeling approach to simulate the long-term effects of climate change and EEDCs on the North Carolina blue crab stock.

Methods

To do this, we built an individual-based model that simulated the life history of individual blue crabs, including but not limited to growth, reproduction, and mortality. We then tested our population of blue crabs against 30 different combinations of temperature and EEDC scenarios over 50 years to determine the long-term effects on the population.

Result

Our simulations suggested that the North Carolina blue crab population may be relatively resilient to climate change-related temperature shifts but that there may be significant impacts at the population level as summer temperatures become more extreme. Endocrine-disrupting chemical effects resulted in an alternative stable state of lower catch or the total extinction of the population.

Conclusion

These results suggest that management strategy changes may be necessary as temperatures become more extreme in the region. In addition, more research is necessary to fully understand the effects of EEDCs on blue crabs and other crustaceans at the individual and population level.

目标最近对北卡罗来纳州蓝蟹（Callinectes sapidus）种群的评估发现，该种群已被过度捕捞，过度捕捞正在发生。2018 年种群评估中概述的威胁包括气候变化和雌激素内分泌干扰化学品（EEDCs）。本研究的目的是使用基于个体的建模方法来模拟气候变化和 EEDCs 对北卡罗来纳州蓝蟹种群的长期影响。为此，我们建立了一个基于个体的模型，模拟蓝蟹个体的生活史，包括但不限于生长、繁殖和死亡。然后，我们针对 30 种不同的温度和 EEDC 方案组合，对青蟹种群进行了长达 50 年的测试，以确定对种群的长期影响。结果我们的模拟结果表明，北卡罗来纳州的青蟹种群可能对与气候变化相关的温度变化具有相对较强的适应能力，但随着夏季温度变得更加极端，可能会对种群水平产生重大影响。内分泌干扰化学物质的影响导致了另一种稳定状态，即捕捞量减少或种群完全灭绝。结论这些结果表明，随着该地区气温变得更加极端，可能有必要改变管理策略。此外，有必要开展更多研究，以充分了解 EEDCs 在个体和种群层面对青蟹和其他甲壳类动物的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Ecosystem-level reference points: Moving toward ecosystem-based fisheries management 生态系统级参考点：向基于生态系统的渔业管理迈进

IF 1.7 3区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Marine and Coastal Fisheries

Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1002/mcf2.10285

Wendy E. Morrison, Stephanie A. Oakes, Melissa A. Karp, Max H. Appelman, Jason S. Link

Objective

To support the movement in marine fisheries management toward ecosystem-based fisheries management by exploring ecosystem-level reference points (ELRPs) as an option for managing fisheries at the ecosystem level. An ELRP is an ecosystem harvest level or indicator with one or more associated benchmarks or thresholds (i.e., targets, limits) to identify, monitor, or maintain desirable ecosystem conditions and functions.

Methods

This paper explores the development and implementation of ELRPs in fisheries management to support ecosystem and fisheries sustainability, help identify when ecosystem changes that impact fisheries resources occur, and foster discussions of trade-offs in management decisions.

Result

We organize existing and potential ELRPs into five categories (statistical analysis of nonlinear dynamics and tipping points, ecosystem productivity, ecosystem trophic information, biodiversity, and human dimensions), provide an overview of analytical methods that can estimate ELRP benchmarks, provide examples of where ELRP benchmarks are being used today, and evaluate pros and cons of the different ELRP categories. We also attempt to identify potential next steps for fisheries scientists and managers to further the science, development, and application of ELRPs.

Conclusion

Ecosystem-level reference points can be used as a proactive accountability mechanism to achieve ecosystem objectives and maintain the ecosystem in a preferred operating space or as an early warning that ecosystem-level changes (e.g., tipping points) could be imminent if current biological and ecological trends in the system continue.

目标通过探索生态系统水平参考点（ELRP）作为在生态系统水平上管理渔业的一种选择，支持海洋渔业管理朝着基于生态系统的渔业管理方向发展。ELRP 是一种生态系统捕捞水平或指标，带有一个或多个相关基准或阈值（即目标、限制），用于识别、监测或维持理想的生态系统条件和功能。方法本文探讨在渔业管理中制定和实施 ELRP，以支持生态系统和渔业的可持续发展，帮助确定影响渔业资源的生态系统变化何时发生，并促进管理决策中的权衡讨论。结果我们将现有和潜在的 ELRP 分为五类（非线性动态和临界点统计分析、生态系统生产力、生态系统营养信息、生物多样性和人类层面），概述了可估算 ELRP 基准的分析方法，提供了目前使用 ELRP 基准的实例，并评估了不同 ELRP 类别的利弊。我们还试图为渔业科学家和管理人员确定下一步可能采取的措施，以促进 ELRP 的科学、开发和应用。结论生态系统级参考点可用作一种积极的问责机制，以实现生态系统目标并将生态系统维持在一个理想的操作空间内，也可用作一种预警，表明如果系统中当前的生物和生态趋势继续下去，生态系统级变化（如临界点）可能即将发生。

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引用次数: 0

Quantifying spatiotemporal variation of nearshore forage fish schools with aerial surveys in Prince William Sound, Alaska 在阿拉斯加威廉王子湾通过航测量化近岸觅食鱼群的时空变化

IF 1.7 3区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Marine and Coastal Fisheries

Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1002/mcf2.10283

Daniel Donnelly, Mayumi Arimitsu, Scott Pegau, John Piatt

Objective

Changes in abundance and distribution of schooling forage fish, such as the Pacific Sand Lance Ammodytes hexapterus and Pacific Herring Clupea pallasii, can be difficult to document using traditional boat-based methods, especially in the shallow, nearshore habitats frequented by these species. In contrast, nearshore fish schools are easily observed and quantified from aircraft when light and sea conditions are favorable. We used aerial shoreline surveys to assess interannual variability in the distribution and abundance of schooling forage fish in Prince William Sound, Alaska, during the summers of 2010 and 2012–2022.

Methods

During the surveys, aerial observers classified fish schools by their size, species, and (in some cases) age-class. All observations were georeferenced along the flight path, converted to estimated surface area (m²) based on school diameter, and standardized by effort (shoreline kilometers surveyed).

Result

Pacific Herring were widely distributed, and school densities varied annually; there were several spikes in school density of up to 54.38 m²/km interspersed among years of lower average densities (7.73–25.57 m²/km). In contrast, Pacific Sand Lance were usually limited in their distribution to a few predictable locations. School density in these consistent areas varied across years, from a high of 50.98 m²/km in 2010 to a low of 0.15 m²/km in 2017. We validated 88 schools during aerial surveys conducted in 2014–2016 and 2019–2022, of which 76 (86%) were correctly identified to species.

Conclusion

Here, we provide indices of Pacific Herring and Pacific Sand Lance school density over time in shallow nearshore coastal areas of Prince William Sound, Alaska. These indices were generated from aerial surveys, which offer an effective alternative to boat-based surveys for tracking forage fish schools when they occur in shallow and nearshore coastal habitats.

目标成群觅食鱼类（如太平洋沙鲽 Ammodytes hexapterus 和太平洋鲱鱼 Clupea pallasii）数量和分布的变化，很难用传统的船载方法记录下来，尤其是在这些鱼类经常出没的浅海近岸生境。相比之下，在光线和海况良好的情况下，从飞机上观察和量化近岸鱼群则很容易。我们利用航空海岸线调查评估了 2010 年和 2012-2022 年夏季阿拉斯加威廉王子湾觅食鱼群分布和丰度的年际变化。方法在调查过程中，空中观察员根据鱼群的大小、种类和（某些情况下）年龄段对鱼群进行分类。所有观测数据均沿飞行路径进行地理坐标定位，根据鱼群直径转换为估计表面积（平方米），并按努力程度（调查的海岸线公里数）进行标准化。结果太平洋鲱鱼分布广泛，鱼群密度每年都有变化；在平均密度较低（7.73-25.57 m2/km）的年份中，鱼群密度会出现几次高峰，最高可达 54.38 m2/km。相比之下，太平洋沙矛的分布通常局限于几个可预测的地点。在这些一致区域的鱼群密度在不同年份有所变化，最高为 2010 年的 50.98 m2/km，最低为 2017 年的 0.15 m2/km。在 2014-2016 年和 2019-2022 年进行的航拍调查中，我们验证了 88 个鱼群，其中 76 个（86%）被正确识别为鱼种。结论在此，我们提供了阿拉斯加威廉王子湾近岸浅海区域太平洋鲱鱼和太平洋沙枪鱼群密度随时间变化的指数。当饵料鱼群出现在浅海和近岸沿岸栖息地时，航测是跟踪饵料鱼群的有效替代方法。

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引用次数: 0

Shellfish aquaculture farms as foraging habitat for nearshore fishes and crabs 贝类水产养殖场作为近岸鱼类和蟹类的觅食栖息地

IF 1.7 3区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Marine and Coastal Fisheries

Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1002/mcf2.10282

Karl B. Veggerby, Mark D. Scheuerell, Beth L. Sanderson, Peter M. Kiffney, Bridget E. Ferriss

Objective

Oyster reefs across North America have declined precipitously over the past 140 years. In Washington State, Olympia oyster Ostrea lurida reefs historically provided water filtration and nearshore structural habitat for fishes and invertebrates, but this species is now functionally extinct across its historical range. In place of these naturally occurring reefs, shellfish farms consisting mainly of nonnative Pacific oysters Magallana gigas now occupy patches of nearshore habitat across Washington. These farms modify intertidal substrate by adding structural habitat via suspended oyster grow bags, predator exclusion nets, loose oyster beds, and other shellfish grow-out gear. As interest and investment in shellfish aquaculture have expanded both locally and globally, so has interest in how these farms modify intertidal habitat and whether the complex structure created by the shellfish and shellfish growing gear provides ecosystem services that are comparable to those of unfarmed areas, such as mudflats and eelgrass meadows.

Methods

In this study, we sought to quantify how shellfish farms are used as foraging habitat for several common nearshore species of fish and crabs in Puget Sound, Washington. We used direct observations of species-specific behaviors from underwater video to model how habitat type affected observed foraging rates.

Result

We obtained a total of 393 crab observations, 431 demersal fish observations, and 1856 pelagic fish observations across all seven farm sites. Several common species of pelagic fish (e.g., surfperch [Embiotocidae]) used aquaculture-growing gear more frequently than unfarmed areas as foraging habitat, but Metacarcinus spp. crabs displayed higher foraging frequency in unfarmed mudflats. Species groups such as sculpins (Cottidae) and small flatfish (Pleuronectidae) clearly used specific aquaculture-growing gear and mudflats in roughly equal proportion.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that shellfish farms within a larger nearshore habitat mosaic of eelgrass meadows, mudflats, bivalve aquaculture gear, and edge habitat can provide foraging habitat for several species of nearshore fish.

目标北美各地的牡蛎礁在过去 140 年中急剧减少。在华盛顿州，奥林匹亚牡蛎（Ostrea lurida）礁在历史上曾为鱼类和无脊椎动物提供水过滤和近岸结构栖息地，但现在该物种已在其历史范围内灭绝。现在，主要由非本地太平洋牡蛎（Magallana gigas）组成的贝类养殖场取代了这些自然形成的礁石，占据了整个华盛顿州的近岸栖息地。这些养殖场通过悬挂牡蛎生长袋、捕食者排除网、松散牡蛎床和其他贝类生长工具增加结构性生境，从而改变潮间带底质。随着当地和全球对贝类养殖的兴趣和投资不断扩大，人们对这些养殖场如何改变潮间带生境以及贝类和贝类养殖工具所形成的复杂结构是否能提供与泥滩和鳗草草甸等非养殖区相当的生态系统服务也产生了兴趣。方法在这项研究中，我们试图量化贝类养殖场如何被华盛顿州普吉特湾的几种常见近岸鱼类和蟹类用作觅食栖息地。我们利用水下视频对物种特定行为的直接观察来模拟栖息地类型如何影响观察到的觅食率。结果我们在所有七个养殖场共观察到 393 只螃蟹、431 条底层鱼类和 1856 条中上层鱼类。几种常见的中上层鱼类（如胭脂鱼[Embiotocidae]）使用水产养殖生长网箱作为觅食栖息地的频率高于未养殖区域，但Metacarcinus属螃蟹在未养殖泥滩的觅食频率较高。鳞栉水母（Cottidae）和小型比目鱼（Pleuronectidae）等物种群明显以大致相同的比例使用特定的水产养殖渔具和泥滩。结论我们的研究结果表明，在由鳗草草甸、泥滩、双壳类水产养殖渔具和边缘生境组成的更大近岸生境马赛克中，贝类养殖场可为多种近岸鱼类提供觅食生境。

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引用次数: 0

Seasonality, distribution, and harvest trends of Crevalle Jack in Texas 得克萨斯州克里瓦勒杰克鱼的季节性、分布和收获趋势

IF 1.7 3区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Marine and Coastal Fisheries

Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1002/mcf2.10284

Ethan Getz, Lily Walker, Catherine Eckert, Charles Downey

Objective

Crevalle Jack Caranx hippos are important coastal predators and support an increasingly popular catch-and-release sport fishery. However, population declines have recently been perceived by stakeholders in parts of the species' range. Here, we aimed to provide distribution and harvest trends for Crevalle Jack in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico.

Methods

Long-term fishery-independent and fishery-dependent data were collected by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department from 1983 to 2021. Bag seine, bay trawl, and gill-net samples were collected in conjunction with angler creel surveys. Crevalle Jack that were observed in fishery-independent sampling were used to assess patterns in both juvenile and adult relative abundance, distribution, and seasonality. In addition, boosted regression tree models were used to highlight important predictors of Crevalle Jack presence. Crevalle Jack harvest observed during angler surveys was used to describe the fishery, including differences in inshore and offshore catch patterns. Relative abundance of both juveniles and adults was variable across years but displayed no trend throughout the time series.

Result

Crevalle Jack of all sizes were found within inshore waters, with subadults and large adults particularly reliant on estuarine systems. Recruitment peaked in early summer, with juveniles occupying all major estuaries along the coast. Shifts in recruitment were evident in bag seines, as the mean date of catch trended almost 2 weeks earlier over the study period. The Crevalle Jack fishery was spread across inshore and offshore waters, with significantly larger fish harvested offshore during summer. The majority of anglers who harvested Crevalle Jack stated that they were specifically targeting other species, thus supporting the notion that the targeted fishery is mainly catch and release.

Conclusion

As Crevalle Jack declines have been noted elsewhere in the species' range, these results could help to inform future management decisions in Texas.

目标克里瓦里鯵（Crevalle Jack Caranx hippos）是重要的沿海掠食者，支持着日益流行的捕捞-放生运动渔业。然而，最近在该物种分布的部分地区，利益相关者发现其种群数量有所下降。在此，我们旨在提供墨西哥湾西北部克氏原鯵的分布和捕捞趋势。方法得克萨斯州公园与野生生物部收集了 1983 年至 2021 年期间与渔业无关和与渔业有关的长期数据。袋式围网、海湾拖网和刺网样本与垂钓者渔获量调查一起收集。在独立于渔业的取样中观察到的杰克鱼（Crevalle Jack）被用于评估幼鱼和成鱼的相对丰度、分布和季节性模式。此外，还使用增强回归树模型来突出预测鳕鱼出现的重要因素。垂钓者调查期间观察到的鳕鱼收获量被用来描述渔业情况，包括近岸和离岸捕捞模式的差异。幼鱼和成鱼的相对丰度在不同年份各不相同，但在整个时间序列中没有趋势。在近岸水域发现了各种体型的 Result Crevalle Jack，亚成体和大型成体尤其依赖河口系统。繁殖高峰期在初夏，幼鱼占据了沿岸的所有主要河口。袋式围网的繁殖变化很明显，因为在研究期间，平均捕获日期有提前近两周的趋势。鳕鱼捕捞分布在近岸和近海水域，夏季在近海捕捞的鳕鱼体型明显更大。大多数捕获鳕鱼的垂钓者表示，他们的目标是其他鱼种，因此支持目标鱼类主要是捕获和释放的观点。结论由于克氏原鯵在该物种分布区的其它地方出现了减少，这些结果有助于为得克萨斯州未来的管理决策提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Female age at maturity and fecundity in Atlantic Striped Bass 大西洋带鱼的雌性成熟年龄和繁殖力

IF 1.7 3区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Marine and Coastal Fisheries

Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1002/mcf2.10280

Simon C. Brown, Angela M. Giuliano, Beth A. Versak

Objective

Female age at maturity and fecundity for the Atlantic stock of Striped Bass Morone saxatilis were estimated using histological methods and image analysis.

Methods

Ovaries were obtained from surveys encompassing the spring spawning season (March–July; n = 343), primarily from the Chesapeake Bay, and in the fall months (September–December; n = 85), primarily from the Atlantic coast. Histological examination of oocytes revealed some Striped Bass in intermediate stages of maturation during the spawning season. These individuals were identified as undergoing pubertal development, defined as the transition from the juvenile stage to first sexual maturity. Pubertal development was characterized by ovaries containing a population of enlarged, lipid-filled oocytes but noticeably lacking vitellogenin-derived yolk globules during the spawning season, and those ovaries were classified as immature. Toward the end of the spawning season, increasing proportions of Striped Bass with unspawned ovaries and oocytes undergoing total atresia were observed.

Result

The female age and length at 50% maturity in Atlantic Striped Bass based on spring samples were 5.5 years and 609 mm total length, respectively. Fecundity was determined gravimetrically via image analysis of ovarian tissue samples from spawning capable individuals (n = 67). Potential annual fecundity was found to exhibit hyperallometric scaling with respect to body size. Specifically, the scaling exponent for the length–fecundity relationship was 3.24, which was greater than the scaling exponent of 3.05 for the length–body mass relationship. This indicates that large females possess a disproportionately greater reproductive capacity with respect to body mass than the equivalent biomass of smaller females.

Conclusion

Compared with previous studies spanning over a half-century, age at 50% maturity and fecundity were found to be relatively invariant, although variation found between contemporary studies may represent methodological and interpretive differences. Reproductive-related life history traits of female Atlantic Striped Bass are apparently robust to long-term decadal changes in fishing intensity, stock size, habitat alterations, and environmental conditions.

目的使用组织学方法和图像分析估算大西洋种群带鱼（Morone saxatilis）的雌性成熟年龄和受精率。方法从春季产卵季节（3 月至 7 月；n = 343）和秋季产卵季节（9 月至 12 月；n = 85）的调查中获得卵巢，前者主要来自切萨皮克湾，后者主要来自大西洋沿岸。卵母细胞组织学检查显示，在产卵季节，一些条纹鲈处于中期成熟阶段。这些个体被确定为处于青春发育期，即从幼鱼阶段过渡到初次性成熟。青春期发育的特征是卵巢中含有大量增大、充满脂质的卵母细胞，但在产卵季节明显缺乏卵黄素衍生的卵黄球，这些卵巢被归类为未成熟卵巢。在产卵季节末期，观察到卵巢未产卵和卵母细胞完全闭锁的花脸鲈比例不断增加。结果根据春季样本，大西洋花脸鲈的雌性年龄和 50%成熟时的体长分别为 5.5 岁和 609 毫米。通过对有产卵能力的个体（n = 67）的卵巢组织样本进行图像分析，以重力法测定繁殖力。研究发现，潜在的年繁殖力与体型呈超计量比例关系。具体来说，体长-繁殖力关系的比例指数为3.24，大于体长-体重关系的比例指数3.05。这表明，与体型较小的雌性动物的同等生物量相比，体型较大的雌性动物的繁殖能力与体重不成比例地更强。结论与之前跨越半个多世纪的研究相比，50%成熟年龄和繁殖力被发现是相对不变的，尽管当代研究之间的差异可能代表了方法学和解释学上的差异。雌性大西洋花脸鲈鱼与繁殖相关的生活史特征对捕捞强度、种群大小、栖息地改变和环境条件的长期十年变化显然是稳健的。

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引用次数: 0

Quantifying impacts of harbor seal Phoca vitulina predation on juvenile Coho Salmon in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia 不列颠哥伦比亚省乔治亚海峡港海豹（Phoca vitulina）捕食库荷鲑幼鱼的量化影响

IF 1.7 3区农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES

Marine and Coastal Fisheries

Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1002/mcf2.10271

Benjamin W. Nelson, Murdoch K. McAllister, Andrew W. Trites, Austen C. Thomas, Carl J. Walters

Objective

Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch provide an important resource for recreational, commercial, and Indigenous fisheries in the Pacific Northwest. The goal of this study was to improve our understanding of how marine mammal predation may be impacting the survival and productivity of Coho Salmon in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia. Specifically, we quantified the impact of harbor seal Phoca vitulina predation on juvenile Coho Salmon during their first several months at sea. Early marine survival is believed to be the limiting factor for the recovery of Coho Salmon populations in this region.

Methods

To estimate the number of juvenile Coho Salmon consumed by harbor seals, we developed a mathematical model that integrates predator diet data and salmon population and mortality dynamics.

Result

Our analysis estimated that harbor seals consumed an annual average of 46−59% of juvenile Coho Salmon between 2004–2016, providing the first quantitative estimate of seal predation in the Strait of Georgia.

Conclusion

Marine mammal predation on juvenile Coho Salmon is potentially a very important factor limiting survival and recovery of Coho Salmon in the Strait of Georgia.

目标梭罗鲑（Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch）是西北太平洋地区休闲、商业和土著渔业的重要资源。本研究的目的是加深我们对海洋哺乳动物捕食如何影响不列颠哥伦比亚省佐治亚海峡鲑鱼存活率和生产力的了解。具体来说，我们量化了港海豹（Phoca vitulina）在幼年鲑鱼出海的头几个月捕食鲑鱼的影响。早期的海洋生存被认为是该地区科霍鲑种群恢复的限制因素。方法为了估算港海豹吃掉的幼年鲑鱼数量，我们建立了一个数学模型，该模型综合了捕食者的饮食数据和鲑鱼数量及死亡率动态。结果我们的分析估计，2004-2016 年间，港海豹每年平均捕食 46%-59% 的幼年科霍鲑，首次对乔治亚海峡的海豹捕食量进行了定量估计。结论海洋哺乳动物捕食幼年科霍鲑可能是限制乔治亚海峡科霍鲑生存和恢复的一个非常重要的因素。

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引用次数: 0