Recent estimates of the North Carolina blue crab Callinectes sapidus stock found that the stock is overfished and overfishing is occurring. Threats outlined in the 2018 stock assessment include climate change and estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EEDCs). The objective of this study was to use an individual-based modeling approach to simulate the long-term effects of climate change and EEDCs on the North Carolina blue crab stock.
Methods
To do this, we built an individual-based model that simulated the life history of individual blue crabs, including but not limited to growth, reproduction, and mortality. We then tested our population of blue crabs against 30 different combinations of temperature and EEDC scenarios over 50 years to determine the long-term effects on the population.
Result
Our simulations suggested that the North Carolina blue crab population may be relatively resilient to climate change-related temperature shifts but that there may be significant impacts at the population level as summer temperatures become more extreme. Endocrine-disrupting chemical effects resulted in an alternative stable state of lower catch or the total extinction of the population.
Conclusion
These results suggest that management strategy changes may be necessary as temperatures become more extreme in the region. In addition, more research is necessary to fully understand the effects of EEDCs on blue crabs and other crustaceans at the individual and population level.
{"title":"Evaluating impacts of environmental stress and bioactive chemicals on the North Carolina blue crab population: An individual-based model","authors":"Alex J. Rocco, Jie Cao, Yan Li, Laura M. Lee","doi":"10.1002/mcf2.10286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10286","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recent estimates of the North Carolina blue crab <i>Callinectes sapidus</i> stock found that the stock is overfished and overfishing is occurring. Threats outlined in the 2018 stock assessment include climate change and estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EEDCs). The objective of this study was to use an individual-based modeling approach to simulate the long-term effects of climate change and EEDCs on the North Carolina blue crab stock.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To do this, we built an individual-based model that simulated the life history of individual blue crabs, including but not limited to growth, reproduction, and mortality. We then tested our population of blue crabs against 30 different combinations of temperature and EEDC scenarios over 50 years to determine the long-term effects on the population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our simulations suggested that the North Carolina blue crab population may be relatively resilient to climate change-related temperature shifts but that there may be significant impacts at the population level as summer temperatures become more extreme. Endocrine-disrupting chemical effects resulted in an alternative stable state of lower catch or the total extinction of the population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results suggest that management strategy changes may be necessary as temperatures become more extreme in the region. In addition, more research is necessary to fully understand the effects of EEDCs on blue crabs and other crustaceans at the individual and population level.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51257,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mcf2.10286","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140345742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wendy E. Morrison, Stephanie A. Oakes, Melissa A. Karp, Max H. Appelman, Jason S. Link
Objective
To support the movement in marine fisheries management toward ecosystem-based fisheries management by exploring ecosystem-level reference points (ELRPs) as an option for managing fisheries at the ecosystem level. An ELRP is an ecosystem harvest level or indicator with one or more associated benchmarks or thresholds (i.e., targets, limits) to identify, monitor, or maintain desirable ecosystem conditions and functions.
Methods
This paper explores the development and implementation of ELRPs in fisheries management to support ecosystem and fisheries sustainability, help identify when ecosystem changes that impact fisheries resources occur, and foster discussions of trade-offs in management decisions.
Result
We organize existing and potential ELRPs into five categories (statistical analysis of nonlinear dynamics and tipping points, ecosystem productivity, ecosystem trophic information, biodiversity, and human dimensions), provide an overview of analytical methods that can estimate ELRP benchmarks, provide examples of where ELRP benchmarks are being used today, and evaluate pros and cons of the different ELRP categories. We also attempt to identify potential next steps for fisheries scientists and managers to further the science, development, and application of ELRPs.
Conclusion
Ecosystem-level reference points can be used as a proactive accountability mechanism to achieve ecosystem objectives and maintain the ecosystem in a preferred operating space or as an early warning that ecosystem-level changes (e.g., tipping points) could be imminent if current biological and ecological trends in the system continue.
{"title":"Ecosystem-level reference points: Moving toward ecosystem-based fisheries management","authors":"Wendy E. Morrison, Stephanie A. Oakes, Melissa A. Karp, Max H. Appelman, Jason S. Link","doi":"10.1002/mcf2.10285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10285","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To support the movement in marine fisheries management toward ecosystem-based fisheries management by exploring ecosystem-level reference points (ELRPs) as an option for managing fisheries at the ecosystem level. An ELRP is an ecosystem harvest level or indicator with one or more associated benchmarks or thresholds (i.e., targets, limits) to identify, monitor, or maintain desirable ecosystem conditions and functions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper explores the development and implementation of ELRPs in fisheries management to support ecosystem and fisheries sustainability, help identify when ecosystem changes that impact fisheries resources occur, and foster discussions of trade-offs in management decisions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We organize existing and potential ELRPs into five categories (statistical analysis of nonlinear dynamics and tipping points, ecosystem productivity, ecosystem trophic information, biodiversity, and human dimensions), provide an overview of analytical methods that can estimate ELRP benchmarks, provide examples of where ELRP benchmarks are being used today, and evaluate pros and cons of the different ELRP categories. We also attempt to identify potential next steps for fisheries scientists and managers to further the science, development, and application of ELRPs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ecosystem-level reference points can be used as a proactive accountability mechanism to achieve ecosystem objectives and maintain the ecosystem in a preferred operating space or as an early warning that ecosystem-level changes (e.g., tipping points) could be imminent if current biological and ecological trends in the system continue.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51257,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mcf2.10285","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140188547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Donnelly, Mayumi Arimitsu, Scott Pegau, John Piatt
Objective
Changes in abundance and distribution of schooling forage fish, such as the Pacific Sand Lance Ammodytes hexapterus and Pacific Herring Clupea pallasii, can be difficult to document using traditional boat-based methods, especially in the shallow, nearshore habitats frequented by these species. In contrast, nearshore fish schools are easily observed and quantified from aircraft when light and sea conditions are favorable. We used aerial shoreline surveys to assess interannual variability in the distribution and abundance of schooling forage fish in Prince William Sound, Alaska, during the summers of 2010 and 2012–2022.
Methods
During the surveys, aerial observers classified fish schools by their size, species, and (in some cases) age-class. All observations were georeferenced along the flight path, converted to estimated surface area (m2) based on school diameter, and standardized by effort (shoreline kilometers surveyed).
Result
Pacific Herring were widely distributed, and school densities varied annually; there were several spikes in school density of up to 54.38 m2/km interspersed among years of lower average densities (7.73–25.57 m2/km). In contrast, Pacific Sand Lance were usually limited in their distribution to a few predictable locations. School density in these consistent areas varied across years, from a high of 50.98 m2/km in 2010 to a low of 0.15 m2/km in 2017. We validated 88 schools during aerial surveys conducted in 2014–2016 and 2019–2022, of which 76 (86%) were correctly identified to species.
Conclusion
Here, we provide indices of Pacific Herring and Pacific Sand Lance school density over time in shallow nearshore coastal areas of Prince William Sound, Alaska. These indices were generated from aerial surveys, which offer an effective alternative to boat-based surveys for tracking forage fish schools when they occur in shallow and nearshore coastal habitats.
{"title":"Quantifying spatiotemporal variation of nearshore forage fish schools with aerial surveys in Prince William Sound, Alaska","authors":"Daniel Donnelly, Mayumi Arimitsu, Scott Pegau, John Piatt","doi":"10.1002/mcf2.10283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10283","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Changes in abundance and distribution of schooling forage fish, such as the Pacific Sand Lance <i>Ammodytes hexapterus</i> and Pacific Herring <i>Clupea pallasii</i>, can be difficult to document using traditional boat-based methods, especially in the shallow, nearshore habitats frequented by these species. In contrast, nearshore fish schools are easily observed and quantified from aircraft when light and sea conditions are favorable. We used aerial shoreline surveys to assess interannual variability in the distribution and abundance of schooling forage fish in Prince William Sound, Alaska, during the summers of 2010 and 2012–2022.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the surveys, aerial observers classified fish schools by their size, species, and (in some cases) age-class. All observations were georeferenced along the flight path, converted to estimated surface area (m<sup>2</sup>) based on school diameter, and standardized by effort (shoreline kilometers surveyed).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pacific Herring were widely distributed, and school densities varied annually; there were several spikes in school density of up to 54.38 m<sup>2</sup>/km interspersed among years of lower average densities (7.73–25.57 m<sup>2</sup>/km). In contrast, Pacific Sand Lance were usually limited in their distribution to a few predictable locations. School density in these consistent areas varied across years, from a high of 50.98 m<sup>2</sup>/km in 2010 to a low of 0.15 m<sup>2</sup>/km in 2017. We validated 88 schools during aerial surveys conducted in 2014–2016 and 2019–2022, of which 76 (86%) were correctly identified to species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here, we provide indices of Pacific Herring and Pacific Sand Lance school density over time in shallow nearshore coastal areas of Prince William Sound, Alaska. These indices were generated from aerial surveys, which offer an effective alternative to boat-based surveys for tracking forage fish schools when they occur in shallow and nearshore coastal habitats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51257,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mcf2.10283","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140123786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karl B. Veggerby, Mark D. Scheuerell, Beth L. Sanderson, Peter M. Kiffney, Bridget E. Ferriss
Objective
Oyster reefs across North America have declined precipitously over the past 140 years. In Washington State, Olympia oyster Ostrea lurida reefs historically provided water filtration and nearshore structural habitat for fishes and invertebrates, but this species is now functionally extinct across its historical range. In place of these naturally occurring reefs, shellfish farms consisting mainly of nonnative Pacific oysters Magallana gigas now occupy patches of nearshore habitat across Washington. These farms modify intertidal substrate by adding structural habitat via suspended oyster grow bags, predator exclusion nets, loose oyster beds, and other shellfish grow-out gear. As interest and investment in shellfish aquaculture have expanded both locally and globally, so has interest in how these farms modify intertidal habitat and whether the complex structure created by the shellfish and shellfish growing gear provides ecosystem services that are comparable to those of unfarmed areas, such as mudflats and eelgrass meadows.
Methods
In this study, we sought to quantify how shellfish farms are used as foraging habitat for several common nearshore species of fish and crabs in Puget Sound, Washington. We used direct observations of species-specific behaviors from underwater video to model how habitat type affected observed foraging rates.
Result
We obtained a total of 393 crab observations, 431 demersal fish observations, and 1856 pelagic fish observations across all seven farm sites. Several common species of pelagic fish (e.g., surfperch [Embiotocidae]) used aquaculture-growing gear more frequently than unfarmed areas as foraging habitat, but Metacarcinus spp. crabs displayed higher foraging frequency in unfarmed mudflats. Species groups such as sculpins (Cottidae) and small flatfish (Pleuronectidae) clearly used specific aquaculture-growing gear and mudflats in roughly equal proportion.
Conclusion
Our results indicate that shellfish farms within a larger nearshore habitat mosaic of eelgrass meadows, mudflats, bivalve aquaculture gear, and edge habitat can provide foraging habitat for several species of nearshore fish.
{"title":"Shellfish aquaculture farms as foraging habitat for nearshore fishes and crabs","authors":"Karl B. Veggerby, Mark D. Scheuerell, Beth L. Sanderson, Peter M. Kiffney, Bridget E. Ferriss","doi":"10.1002/mcf2.10282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10282","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Oyster reefs across North America have declined precipitously over the past 140 years. In Washington State, Olympia oyster <i>Ostrea lurida</i> reefs historically provided water filtration and nearshore structural habitat for fishes and invertebrates, but this species is now functionally extinct across its historical range. In place of these naturally occurring reefs, shellfish farms consisting mainly of nonnative Pacific oysters <i>Magallana gigas</i> now occupy patches of nearshore habitat across Washington. These farms modify intertidal substrate by adding structural habitat via suspended oyster grow bags, predator exclusion nets, loose oyster beds, and other shellfish grow-out gear. As interest and investment in shellfish aquaculture have expanded both locally and globally, so has interest in how these farms modify intertidal habitat and whether the complex structure created by the shellfish and shellfish growing gear provides ecosystem services that are comparable to those of unfarmed areas, such as mudflats and eelgrass meadows.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we sought to quantify how shellfish farms are used as foraging habitat for several common nearshore species of fish and crabs in Puget Sound, Washington. We used direct observations of species-specific behaviors from underwater video to model how habitat type affected observed foraging rates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We obtained a total of 393 crab observations, 431 demersal fish observations, and 1856 pelagic fish observations across all seven farm sites. Several common species of pelagic fish (e.g., surfperch [Embiotocidae]) used aquaculture-growing gear more frequently than unfarmed areas as foraging habitat, but <i>Metacarcinus</i> spp. crabs displayed higher foraging frequency in unfarmed mudflats. Species groups such as sculpins (Cottidae) and small flatfish (Pleuronectidae) clearly used specific aquaculture-growing gear and mudflats in roughly equal proportion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results indicate that shellfish farms within a larger nearshore habitat mosaic of eelgrass meadows, mudflats, bivalve aquaculture gear, and edge habitat can provide foraging habitat for several species of nearshore fish.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51257,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mcf2.10282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140053175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethan Getz, Lily Walker, Catherine Eckert, Charles Downey
Objective
Crevalle Jack Caranx hippos are important coastal predators and support an increasingly popular catch-and-release sport fishery. However, population declines have recently been perceived by stakeholders in parts of the species' range. Here, we aimed to provide distribution and harvest trends for Crevalle Jack in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico.
Methods
Long-term fishery-independent and fishery-dependent data were collected by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department from 1983 to 2021. Bag seine, bay trawl, and gill-net samples were collected in conjunction with angler creel surveys. Crevalle Jack that were observed in fishery-independent sampling were used to assess patterns in both juvenile and adult relative abundance, distribution, and seasonality. In addition, boosted regression tree models were used to highlight important predictors of Crevalle Jack presence. Crevalle Jack harvest observed during angler surveys was used to describe the fishery, including differences in inshore and offshore catch patterns. Relative abundance of both juveniles and adults was variable across years but displayed no trend throughout the time series.
Result
Crevalle Jack of all sizes were found within inshore waters, with subadults and large adults particularly reliant on estuarine systems. Recruitment peaked in early summer, with juveniles occupying all major estuaries along the coast. Shifts in recruitment were evident in bag seines, as the mean date of catch trended almost 2 weeks earlier over the study period. The Crevalle Jack fishery was spread across inshore and offshore waters, with significantly larger fish harvested offshore during summer. The majority of anglers who harvested Crevalle Jack stated that they were specifically targeting other species, thus supporting the notion that the targeted fishery is mainly catch and release.
Conclusion
As Crevalle Jack declines have been noted elsewhere in the species' range, these results could help to inform future management decisions in Texas.
目标克里瓦里鯵（Crevalle Jack Caranx hippos）是重要的沿海掠食者，支持着日益流行的捕捞-放生运动渔业。然而，最近在该物种分布的部分地区，利益相关者发现其种群数量有所下降。在此，我们旨在提供墨西哥湾西北部克氏原鯵的分布和捕捞趋势。 方法 得克萨斯州公园与野生生物部收集了 1983 年至 2021 年期间与渔业无关和与渔业有关的长期数据。袋式围网、海湾拖网和刺网样本与垂钓者渔获量调查一起收集。在独立于渔业的取样中观察到的杰克鱼（Crevalle Jack）被用于评估幼鱼和成鱼的相对丰度、分布和季节性模式。此外，还使用增强回归树模型来突出预测鳕鱼出现的重要因素。垂钓者调查期间观察到的鳕鱼收获量被用来描述渔业情况，包括近岸和离岸捕捞模式的差异。幼鱼和成鱼的相对丰度在不同年份各不相同，但在整个时间序列中没有趋势。 在近岸水域发现了各种体型的 Result Crevalle Jack，亚成体和大型成体尤其依赖河口系统。繁殖高峰期在初夏，幼鱼占据了沿岸的所有主要河口。袋式围网的繁殖变化很明显，因为在研究期间，平均捕获日期有提前近两周的趋势。鳕鱼捕捞分布在近岸和近海水域，夏季在近海捕捞的鳕鱼体型明显更大。大多数捕获鳕鱼的垂钓者表示，他们的目标是其他鱼种，因此支持目标鱼类主要是捕获和释放的观点。 结论 由于克氏原鯵在该物种分布区的其它地方出现了减少，这些结果有助于为得克萨斯州未来的管理决策提供信息。
{"title":"Seasonality, distribution, and harvest trends of Crevalle Jack in Texas","authors":"Ethan Getz, Lily Walker, Catherine Eckert, Charles Downey","doi":"10.1002/mcf2.10284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10284","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Crevalle Jack <i>Caranx hippos</i> are important coastal predators and support an increasingly popular catch-and-release sport fishery. However, population declines have recently been perceived by stakeholders in parts of the species' range. Here, we aimed to provide distribution and harvest trends for Crevalle Jack in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Long-term fishery-independent and fishery-dependent data were collected by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department from 1983 to 2021. Bag seine, bay trawl, and gill-net samples were collected in conjunction with angler creel surveys. Crevalle Jack that were observed in fishery-independent sampling were used to assess patterns in both juvenile and adult relative abundance, distribution, and seasonality. In addition, boosted regression tree models were used to highlight important predictors of Crevalle Jack presence. Crevalle Jack harvest observed during angler surveys was used to describe the fishery, including differences in inshore and offshore catch patterns. Relative abundance of both juveniles and adults was variable across years but displayed no trend throughout the time series.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Crevalle Jack of all sizes were found within inshore waters, with subadults and large adults particularly reliant on estuarine systems. Recruitment peaked in early summer, with juveniles occupying all major estuaries along the coast. Shifts in recruitment were evident in bag seines, as the mean date of catch trended almost 2 weeks earlier over the study period. The Crevalle Jack fishery was spread across inshore and offshore waters, with significantly larger fish harvested offshore during summer. The majority of anglers who harvested Crevalle Jack stated that they were specifically targeting other species, thus supporting the notion that the targeted fishery is mainly catch and release.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As Crevalle Jack declines have been noted elsewhere in the species' range, these results could help to inform future management decisions in Texas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51257,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mcf2.10284","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139915610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simon C. Brown, Angela M. Giuliano, Beth A. Versak
Objective
Female age at maturity and fecundity for the Atlantic stock of Striped Bass Morone saxatilis were estimated using histological methods and image analysis.
Methods
Ovaries were obtained from surveys encompassing the spring spawning season (March–July; n = 343), primarily from the Chesapeake Bay, and in the fall months (September–December; n = 85), primarily from the Atlantic coast. Histological examination of oocytes revealed some Striped Bass in intermediate stages of maturation during the spawning season. These individuals were identified as undergoing pubertal development, defined as the transition from the juvenile stage to first sexual maturity. Pubertal development was characterized by ovaries containing a population of enlarged, lipid-filled oocytes but noticeably lacking vitellogenin-derived yolk globules during the spawning season, and those ovaries were classified as immature. Toward the end of the spawning season, increasing proportions of Striped Bass with unspawned ovaries and oocytes undergoing total atresia were observed.
Result
The female age and length at 50% maturity in Atlantic Striped Bass based on spring samples were 5.5 years and 609 mm total length, respectively. Fecundity was determined gravimetrically via image analysis of ovarian tissue samples from spawning capable individuals (n = 67). Potential annual fecundity was found to exhibit hyperallometric scaling with respect to body size. Specifically, the scaling exponent for the length–fecundity relationship was 3.24, which was greater than the scaling exponent of 3.05 for the length–body mass relationship. This indicates that large females possess a disproportionately greater reproductive capacity with respect to body mass than the equivalent biomass of smaller females.
Conclusion
Compared with previous studies spanning over a half-century, age at 50% maturity and fecundity were found to be relatively invariant, although variation found between contemporary studies may represent methodological and interpretive differences. Reproductive-related life history traits of female Atlantic Striped Bass are apparently robust to long-term decadal changes in fishing intensity, stock size, habitat alterations, and environmental conditions.
{"title":"Female age at maturity and fecundity in Atlantic Striped Bass","authors":"Simon C. Brown, Angela M. Giuliano, Beth A. Versak","doi":"10.1002/mcf2.10280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10280","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Female age at maturity and fecundity for the Atlantic stock of Striped Bass <i>Morone saxatilis</i> were estimated using histological methods and image analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ovaries were obtained from surveys encompassing the spring spawning season (March–July; <i>n</i> = 343), primarily from the Chesapeake Bay, and in the fall months (September–December; <i>n</i> = 85), primarily from the Atlantic coast. Histological examination of oocytes revealed some Striped Bass in intermediate stages of maturation during the spawning season. These individuals were identified as undergoing pubertal development, defined as the transition from the juvenile stage to first sexual maturity. Pubertal development was characterized by ovaries containing a population of enlarged, lipid-filled oocytes but noticeably lacking vitellogenin-derived yolk globules during the spawning season, and those ovaries were classified as immature. Toward the end of the spawning season, increasing proportions of Striped Bass with unspawned ovaries and oocytes undergoing total atresia were observed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The female age and length at 50% maturity in Atlantic Striped Bass based on spring samples were 5.5 years and 609 mm total length, respectively. Fecundity was determined gravimetrically via image analysis of ovarian tissue samples from spawning capable individuals (<i>n</i> = 67). Potential annual fecundity was found to exhibit hyperallometric scaling with respect to body size. Specifically, the scaling exponent for the length–fecundity relationship was 3.24, which was greater than the scaling exponent of 3.05 for the length–body mass relationship. This indicates that large females possess a disproportionately greater reproductive capacity with respect to body mass than the equivalent biomass of smaller females.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared with previous studies spanning over a half-century, age at 50% maturity and fecundity were found to be relatively invariant, although variation found between contemporary studies may represent methodological and interpretive differences. Reproductive-related life history traits of female Atlantic Striped Bass are apparently robust to long-term decadal changes in fishing intensity, stock size, habitat alterations, and environmental conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51257,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mcf2.10280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139739244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benjamin W. Nelson, Murdoch K. McAllister, Andrew W. Trites, Austen C. Thomas, Carl J. Walters
Objective
Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch provide an important resource for recreational, commercial, and Indigenous fisheries in the Pacific Northwest. The goal of this study was to improve our understanding of how marine mammal predation may be impacting the survival and productivity of Coho Salmon in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia. Specifically, we quantified the impact of harbor seal Phoca vitulina predation on juvenile Coho Salmon during their first several months at sea. Early marine survival is believed to be the limiting factor for the recovery of Coho Salmon populations in this region.
Methods
To estimate the number of juvenile Coho Salmon consumed by harbor seals, we developed a mathematical model that integrates predator diet data and salmon population and mortality dynamics.
Result
Our analysis estimated that harbor seals consumed an annual average of 46−59% of juvenile Coho Salmon between 2004–2016, providing the first quantitative estimate of seal predation in the Strait of Georgia.
Conclusion
Marine mammal predation on juvenile Coho Salmon is potentially a very important factor limiting survival and recovery of Coho Salmon in the Strait of Georgia.
{"title":"Quantifying impacts of harbor seal Phoca vitulina predation on juvenile Coho Salmon in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia","authors":"Benjamin W. Nelson, Murdoch K. McAllister, Andrew W. Trites, Austen C. Thomas, Carl J. Walters","doi":"10.1002/mcf2.10271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10271","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coho Salmon <i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i> provide an important resource for recreational, commercial, and Indigenous fisheries in the Pacific Northwest. The goal of this study was to improve our understanding of how marine mammal predation may be impacting the survival and productivity of Coho Salmon in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia. Specifically, we quantified the impact of harbor seal <i>Phoca vitulina</i> predation on juvenile Coho Salmon during their first several months at sea. Early marine survival is believed to be the limiting factor for the recovery of Coho Salmon populations in this region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To estimate the number of juvenile Coho Salmon consumed by harbor seals, we developed a mathematical model that integrates predator diet data and salmon population and mortality dynamics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our analysis estimated that harbor seals consumed an annual average of 46−59% of juvenile Coho Salmon between 2004–2016, providing the first quantitative estimate of seal predation in the Strait of Georgia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Marine mammal predation on juvenile Coho Salmon is potentially a very important factor limiting survival and recovery of Coho Salmon in the Strait of Georgia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51257,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mcf2.10271","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139739167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephen Drew, Martin Wolterding, Andrew Rawson, Jason Drew
Objective
The coexistence of fisheries and offshore wind depends in part on the feasibility of fishing within turbine arrays. This paper explores the value of the Automatic Identification System (AIS) to measure tows of commercial trawl and dredge vessels as quantitative indications of their spatial characteristics to inform offshore wind assessments.
Methods
Public records from the AIS provide objective, detailed data supporting the measurement of fishing tows from recent years. Patterns and dimensions were examined from 45 trawl and dredge trips of 35 vessels.
Result
Although vessels spread some trips over large areas, they also make multiple passes in swaths as narrow as 0.3 nautical miles (NM). Turns are made by towing the gear through an arc ranging from 0.2 NM to more than 1 NM in diameter or by hauling gear to the boat and turning in less than 0.1 NM. These practices are confirmed by fishing captains.
Conclusion
These objective data from actual fishing trips could be valuable in considering the feasibility of fishing in wind farms and planning appropriate layouts. This first effort provides too small a sample to be considered representative, but it may demonstrate the concepts and encourage further research. Techniques could be refined and extended to other regions and activities, as expanding marine interests share limited space.
{"title":"Spatial analysis of fishing tows with Automatic Identification System (AIS) data to inform offshore wind layouts","authors":"Stephen Drew, Martin Wolterding, Andrew Rawson, Jason Drew","doi":"10.1002/mcf2.10279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10279","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The coexistence of fisheries and offshore wind depends in part on the feasibility of fishing within turbine arrays. This paper explores the value of the Automatic Identification System (AIS) to measure tows of commercial trawl and dredge vessels as quantitative indications of their spatial characteristics to inform offshore wind assessments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Public records from the AIS provide objective, detailed data supporting the measurement of fishing tows from recent years. Patterns and dimensions were examined from 45 trawl and dredge trips of 35 vessels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although vessels spread some trips over large areas, they also make multiple passes in swaths as narrow as 0.3 nautical miles (NM). Turns are made by towing the gear through an arc ranging from 0.2 NM to more than 1 NM in diameter or by hauling gear to the boat and turning in less than 0.1 NM. These practices are confirmed by fishing captains.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These objective data from actual fishing trips could be valuable in considering the feasibility of fishing in wind farms and planning appropriate layouts. This first effort provides too small a sample to be considered representative, but it may demonstrate the concepts and encourage further research. Techniques could be refined and extended to other regions and activities, as expanding marine interests share limited space.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51257,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mcf2.10279","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139550323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grace A. Casselberry, Gregory B. Skomal, Lucas P. Griffin, Jacob W. Brownscombe, Alex Filous, Peter E. Holder, Joseph Dello Russo, Campbell Morgan, Jeff Kneebone, Aaron J. Adams, Steven J. Cooke, Andy J. Danylchuk
Objective
Shark depredation, the full or partial consumption of a hooked fish by a shark before it is landed, is an increasing source of human–wildlife conflict in recreational fisheries. Reports of shark depredation in the catch-and-release Tarpon (also known as Atlantic Tarpon) Megalops atlanticus fishery in the Florida Keys are increasing, specifically in Bahia Honda, a recreational fishing hot spot and a putative Tarpon prespawning aggregation site.
Methods
Using visual surveys of fishing in Bahia Honda, we quantified depredation rates and drivers of depredation. With acoustic telemetry, we simultaneously tracked 51 Tarpon and 14 Great Hammerheads (also known as Great Hammerhead Sharks) Sphyrna mokarran, the most common shark to depredate Tarpon, to quantify residency and spatial overlap in Bahia Honda.
Result
During the visual survey, 394 Tarpon were hooked. The combined observed shark depredation and immediate postrelease predation rate was 15.3% for Tarpon that were fought longer than 5 min. Survival analysis and decision trees showed that depredation risk was highest in the first 5–12 min of the fight and on the outgoing current. During the spawning season, Great Hammerheads shifted their space use in Bahia Honda to overlap with Tarpon core use areas. Great Hammerheads restricted their space use on the outgoing current when compared to the incoming current, which could drive increased shark–angler interactions.
Conclusion
Bahia Honda has clear ecological importance for both Tarpon and Great Hammerheads as a prespawning aggregation and feeding ground. The observed depredation mortality and postrelease predation mortality raise conservation concerns for the fishery. Efforts to educate anglers to improve best practices, including reducing fight times and ending a fight prematurely when sharks are present, will be essential to increase Tarpon survival and reduce shark–angler conflict.
{"title":"Depredation rates and spatial overlap between Great Hammerheads and Tarpon in a recreational fishing hot spot","authors":"Grace A. Casselberry, Gregory B. Skomal, Lucas P. Griffin, Jacob W. Brownscombe, Alex Filous, Peter E. Holder, Joseph Dello Russo, Campbell Morgan, Jeff Kneebone, Aaron J. Adams, Steven J. Cooke, Andy J. Danylchuk","doi":"10.1002/mcf2.10277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10277","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Shark depredation, the full or partial consumption of a hooked fish by a shark before it is landed, is an increasing source of human–wildlife conflict in recreational fisheries. Reports of shark depredation in the catch-and-release Tarpon (also known as Atlantic Tarpon) <i>Megalops atlanticus</i> fishery in the Florida Keys are increasing, specifically in Bahia Honda, a recreational fishing hot spot and a putative Tarpon prespawning aggregation site.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using visual surveys of fishing in Bahia Honda, we quantified depredation rates and drivers of depredation. With acoustic telemetry, we simultaneously tracked 51 Tarpon and 14 Great Hammerheads (also known as Great Hammerhead Sharks) <i>Sphyrna mokarran</i>, the most common shark to depredate Tarpon, to quantify residency and spatial overlap in Bahia Honda.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the visual survey, 394 Tarpon were hooked. The combined observed shark depredation and immediate postrelease predation rate was 15.3% for Tarpon that were fought longer than 5 min. Survival analysis and decision trees showed that depredation risk was highest in the first 5–12 min of the fight and on the outgoing current. During the spawning season, Great Hammerheads shifted their space use in Bahia Honda to overlap with Tarpon core use areas. Great Hammerheads restricted their space use on the outgoing current when compared to the incoming current, which could drive increased shark–angler interactions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bahia Honda has clear ecological importance for both Tarpon and Great Hammerheads as a prespawning aggregation and feeding ground. The observed depredation mortality and postrelease predation mortality raise conservation concerns for the fishery. Efforts to educate anglers to improve best practices, including reducing fight times and ending a fight prematurely when sharks are present, will be essential to increase Tarpon survival and reduce shark–angler conflict.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51257,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mcf2.10277","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139550322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kesley G. Banks, Matthew K. Streich, Gregory W. Stunz
Objective
Temporal and spatial variation in growth can have significant implications for the assessment and management of exploited populations. Therefore, the age and growth of King Mackerel Scomberomorus cavalla were estimated for the western Gulf of Mexico, where there are large gaps in the available data.
Methods
A total of 727 sagittal otoliths from 411 females, 248 males, and 68 individuals of unknown sex were collected from headboats, private recreational anglers, tournaments, and fishery-independent sampling and aged.
Result
Ages ranged from 0 to 17 years with lengths ranging from 13 to 147 cm fork length. The distribution of lengths and ages differed marginally for fishing sector (i.e., tournament vs. headboat vs. private). The fish that were collected from tournaments were larger than those collected from headboats and private anglers. The distribution of lengths and ages did vary by sex, with females obtaining larger sizes than males. However, there was no difference in mean age by sex. Using the multimodel approach, the Richards model improved the fit for both the youngest and oldest fish in the sample relative to the other growth models that were evaluated. Sex-specific differences in the Richards model were detected, with females growing larger than males but more slowly. Although peak catch was observed at age 5, King Mackerel were not fully recruited to the recreational fishery until age 6. The Chapman-Robson Peak Plus estimate of Z was 0.37.
Conclusion
These data provide a contemporary snapshot of size structure, age, growth, and mortality for King Mackerel from an undersampled region of the Gulf of Mexico and highlight several key considerations for upcoming stock assessments.
{"title":"Age, growth, and mortality of King Mackerel in the western Gulf of Mexico","authors":"Kesley G. Banks, Matthew K. Streich, Gregory W. Stunz","doi":"10.1002/mcf2.10278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10278","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Temporal and spatial variation in growth can have significant implications for the assessment and management of exploited populations. Therefore, the age and growth of King Mackerel <i>Scomberomorus cavalla</i> were estimated for the western Gulf of Mexico, where there are large gaps in the available data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 727 sagittal otoliths from 411 females, 248 males, and 68 individuals of unknown sex were collected from headboats, private recreational anglers, tournaments, and fishery-independent sampling and aged.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ages ranged from 0 to 17 years with lengths ranging from 13 to 147 cm fork length. The distribution of lengths and ages differed marginally for fishing sector (i.e., tournament vs. headboat vs. private). The fish that were collected from tournaments were larger than those collected from headboats and private anglers. The distribution of lengths and ages did vary by sex, with females obtaining larger sizes than males. However, there was no difference in mean age by sex. Using the multimodel approach, the Richards model improved the fit for both the youngest and oldest fish in the sample relative to the other growth models that were evaluated. Sex-specific differences in the Richards model were detected, with females growing larger than males but more slowly. Although peak catch was observed at age 5, King Mackerel were not fully recruited to the recreational fishery until age 6. The Chapman-Robson Peak Plus estimate of <i>Z</i> was 0.37.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These data provide a contemporary snapshot of size structure, age, growth, and mortality for King Mackerel from an undersampled region of the Gulf of Mexico and highlight several key considerations for upcoming stock assessments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51257,"journal":{"name":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mcf2.10278","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139435064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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