Cognitive Neuropsychiatry最新文献_第7页

Seeing minds – a signal detection study of agency attribution along the autism-psychosis continuum 看到心灵——自闭症-精神病连续体代理归因的信号检测研究

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry

Pub Date : 2022-05-17 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2022.2075721

Rebekka Solvik Lisøy, R. Biegler, E. F. Haghish, R. Veckenstedt, S. Moritz, G. Pfuhl

ABSTRACT Introduction Diametrically aberrant mentalising biases, namely hypermentalising in psychosis and hypomentalising in autism, are postulated by some theoretical models. To test this hypothesis, we measured psychotic-like experiences, autistic traits and mentalising biases in a visual chasing paradigm. Methods Participants from the general population (N = 300) and psychotic patients (N=26) judged the absence or presence of a chase during five-second long displays of seemingly randomly moving dots. Hypermentalising is seeing a chase where there is none, whereas hypomentalising is missing to see a chase. Results Psychotic-like experiences were associated with hypermentalising. Autistic traits were not associated with hypomentalising, but with a reduced ability to discriminate chasing from non-chasing trials. Given the high correlation (τ = .41) between autistic traits and psychotic-like experiences, we controlled for concomitant symptom severity on agency detection. We found that all but those with many autistic and psychotic traits showed hypomentalising, suggesting an additive effect of traits on mentalising. In the second study, we found no hypermentalising in patients with psychosis, who performed also similarly to a matched control group. Conclusions The results suggest that hypermentalising is a cognitive bias restricted to subclinical psychotic-like experiences. There was no support for a diametrically opposite mentalising bias along the autism-psychosis continuum.

一些理论模型假设了截然异常的心智化偏差，即精神病的超心智化和自闭症的低心智化。为了验证这一假设，我们在视觉追逐范式中测量了类似精神病的经历、自闭症特征和心智偏见。方法来自普通人群(N= 300)和精神病患者(N=26)的参与者在5秒钟的看似随机移动的点长时间显示中判断是否存在追逐。过度精神化是在没有追逐的情况下看到追逐，而低精神化是看不到追逐。结果类精神病经历与过度精神化有关。自闭症特征与低记忆化无关，但与区分追逐和非追逐试验的能力下降有关。考虑到自闭症特征和类精神病经历之间的高相关性(τ = 0.41)，我们控制了代理检测的伴随症状严重程度。我们发现，除了那些有许多自闭症和精神病特征的人之外，所有人都表现出低心智化，这表明这些特征对心智化有叠加效应。在第二项研究中，我们发现精神病患者没有过度精神化，他们的表现也与匹配的对照组相似。结论过度精神化是一种局限于亚临床精神样体验的认知偏差。没有证据支持自闭症-精神病连续体中截然相反的精神化偏见。

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引用次数: 3

The association of momentary sad moods, concurrent productive behaviour, and global functional outcomes: a 30-day ecological momentary assessment study of people with bipolar illness 短暂的悲伤情绪、同时发生的生产行为和全球功能结果的关联：一项针对双相情感障碍患者的30天生态瞬时评估研究

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry

Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2022.2070464

Cameron D Harvey, Raeanne C Moore, C. Depp, R. Ackerman, A. Pinkham, Philip D. Harvey

ABSTRACT Background Previous weekly sampling studies found that persistent sad moods are associated with disability in bipolar illness. However, those data were collected retrospectively. We examined the momentary quality of activities (productive, unproductive, and passive recreation) in an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study and related sadness at each survey to quality of momentary activities and overall everyday functioning. Methods Participants with bipolar illness (N = 91) were sampled three times per day for 30 days. Each survey queried participants as to where they were, with whom, what they were doing, and their mood state. Activities were characterised according to predetermined criteria and related to momentary sadness. Observer ratings of everyday functioning were related to daily reports of sadness and activities. Results Sadness was associated with the quality of activities. Momentary reports of unproductive activities were associated with the most sadness (p < .001), followed by passive recreation, and productive activities. Momentary sadness and momentary unproductive activities correlated with observer ratings of competence in work, everyday activities, and social outcomes (p < .001). Using both predictors led to the best model. Conclusions This study on the course of sad moods in people with bipolar illness to EMA found that momentary sadness correlatesdwith the quality of concurrent activities and that both sadness and the quality of everyday activities predicted observer ratings of everyday functioning. Although we cannot determine the causal direction, these findings support the hypothesis that momentary sadness leads to reductions in productive activities and impairments in everyday functioning.

背景先前每周抽样研究发现，持续的悲伤情绪与双相情感障碍有关。然而，这些数据是回顾性收集的。我们在一项生态瞬时评估(EMA)研究中检查了活动的瞬时质量(生产性、非生产性和被动娱乐)，并在每次调查中检查了与瞬时活动质量和整体日常功能相关的悲伤。方法91例双相情感障碍患者，每天3次，共30天。每项调查都询问了参与者他们在哪里，和谁在一起，他们在做什么，以及他们的情绪状态。活动的特征是根据预先确定的标准，并与短暂的悲伤有关。观察者对日常功能的评分与日常悲伤和活动的报告有关。结果悲伤与活动质量相关。短暂的非生产性活动报告与最悲伤相关(p < 0.001)，其次是被动娱乐和生产性活动。短暂的悲伤和短暂的非生产性活动与观察者对工作能力、日常活动和社会结果的评价相关(p < 0.001)。使用这两种预测因子得出了最佳模型。本研究对双相情感障碍患者的悲伤情绪过程进行了研究，发现短暂的悲伤与并发活动的质量相关，并且悲伤和日常活动的质量都预测了观察者对日常功能的评分。虽然我们无法确定因果关系，但这些发现支持了这样一个假设，即短暂的悲伤会导致生产性活动减少和日常功能受损。

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引用次数: 3

What is the Korsakoff syndrome? – a paper in tribute to Prof Alwyn Lishman 什么是Korsakoff综合征?——一篇向Alwyn Lishman教授致敬的论文

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry

Pub Date : 2022-04-28 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2022.2067472

M. Kopelman

ABSTRACT Introduction Alwyn Lishman was interested in how memory research could be applied to clinical psychiatry. After a brief review of his major contributions, this paper will focus on his research on the alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome. It will consider how his findings relate to contemporary debates, particularly on how the syndrome should be defined, and its relationship to broader alcohol-induced cognitive impairments. Methods A review of the contribution of Alwyn Lishman, Robin Jacobson and colleagues to our knowledge of Korsakoff’s syndrome, together with a review of the pertinent recent literature. Results Lishman and colleagues followed earlier authors in defining the Korsakoff syndrome in terms of disproportionate memory impairment, but they also noted a variable degree of IQ, frontal-executive, and timed visuo-spatial impairment in their cases. More recent authors have included such features in their definitions of the syndrome. Lishman also argued for a specific “alcoholic dementia”. The present paper argues that recent definitions of the Korsakoff syndrome confound its core and associated features, and also fail to recognise the multifactorial basis of alcohol-related brain damage. Conclusions Korsakoff’s syndrome is best defined in terms of disproportionate memory impairment, and more widespread cognitive impairment is best encompassed within “alcohol-related brain damage”.

Alwyn Lishman对如何将记忆研究应用于临床精神病学很感兴趣。在简要回顾他的主要贡献后，本文将重点介绍他对酒精性Korsakoff综合征的研究。它将考虑他的发现与当代争论的关系，特别是关于该综合征应该如何定义，以及它与更广泛的酒精引起的认知障碍的关系。方法回顾Alwyn Lishman、Robin Jacobson等人对科尔萨科夫综合征的认识，并对近期相关文献进行综述。结果:利什曼和他的同事们沿用了早期作者的观点，将科萨科夫综合征定义为非比例记忆障碍，但他们也注意到，在他们的病例中，智商、额叶执行能力和时间视觉空间障碍的程度是不同的。最近的一些作者在他们对该综合征的定义中也包括了这些特征。利什曼还提出了一种特殊的“酒精性痴呆”。本文认为，最近对Korsakoff综合征的定义混淆了其核心和相关特征，也未能认识到酒精相关脑损伤的多因素基础。结论:科尔萨科夫综合征的最佳定义是不成比例的记忆障碍，而更广泛的认知障碍最好包含在“酒精相关的脑损伤”中。

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引用次数: 9

Editorial: new directions in hallucination research 社论:幻觉研究的新方向

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry

Pub Date : 2022-04-10 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2022.2057845

P. Urwyler, M. Begemann, V. Bell

Hallucinations are deeply intriguing phenomena but conducting research on them can be challenging. Ineffable experiences can test the limits of traditional research methods and can rely on individuals sharing deeply personal and sometimes deeply distressing experiences. In addition, research is now moving beyond the established psychiatric paradigm of “voices and visions as symptoms” to examine how alterations to experience across the range of human experience can inform models of perception, meaning and memory. This special issue of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry is focused on new directions in hallucination research – and who better to expand the horizons of hallucinations research than early career researchers with the vision and foresight to tackle this area anew. The articles in this special issue comprise nine papers from the early career network of the International Consortium on Hallucination Research. Each of these papers has been led by a working group of early career researchers – often attracting more established and senior researchers as the work gathered momentum. The papers are an exciting collection of new visions for hallucinations research. The special issue begins with research on groups who have intense hallucinatory experiences but have rarely been the focus of systematic research. Palmer-Cooper and colleagues (Palmer-Cooper et al., 2021) examine the role of metacognition in two groups of people. Firstly, in people with ASMR (Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response) – a perceptual condition in which low-level audio-visual stimuli triggers intense somatic sensations in the head and neck regions that can spread throughout the body; and second in Tulpamancers individuals who, through self-training, develop the experience of seemingly autonomous identities existing in their consciousness. The study found a complex relationship between these experiences and measures of meta-cognition that did not simply mirror what is typically found in studies on patients with psychosis, suggesting that these experiences are unlikely to be simply “mild” experiences on the clinical spectrum. The paper by Montagnese and colleagues (Montagnese et al., 2021) examines types of hallucinations that are well-known clinically but are drastically under-researched – namely, hallucinations associated with neurodegenerative disorders and eye disease. One long-standing puzzle has been why hallucinations in these conditions relate so variably to insight, with some hallucinations associated with eye disease being visually spectacular but often clearly recognised as hallucinations. Montagnese and colleagues examined correlates of insight and found that it was predicted by better cognition and lower levels of distress, potentially suggesting a commonality with hallucinations in other domains, although the exact relationships varied across clinical conditions. Four studies focused on hallucinated voices, although took markedly different approaches. Using a simulation study

幻觉是一种非常有趣的现象，但对它们进行研究可能具有挑战性。难以言喻的经历可以测试传统研究方法的局限性，并且可以依靠个人分享深刻的个人经历，有时甚至是非常痛苦的经历。此外，研究现在正在超越“声音和视觉作为症状”的既定精神病学范式，以研究人类经验范围内的经验变化如何影响感知、意义和记忆模型。本期《认知神经精神病学》特刊聚焦于幻觉研究的新方向——谁能比具有远见卓识的早期职业研究者更好地拓展幻觉研究的视野呢?本期特刊的文章包括来自国际幻觉研究协会早期职业网络的九篇论文。这些论文中的每一篇都是由一个由早期职业研究人员组成的工作组领导的——随着工作的发展，往往会吸引更多的资深研究人员。这些论文为幻觉研究提供了令人兴奋的新视野。这期特刊从对有强烈幻觉经历但很少成为系统研究焦点的群体的研究开始。Palmer-Cooper及其同事(Palmer-Cooper et al.， 2021)研究了元认知在两组人群中的作用。首先，在ASMR(自主感觉经络反应)患者中，这是一种感知状态，低水平的视听刺激会在头部和颈部区域引发强烈的躯体感觉，这种感觉会扩散到全身;第二种是图尔帕曼人，他们通过自我训练，发展出存在于他们意识中的看似自主的身份体验。研究发现，这些经历与元认知测量之间存在复杂的关系，而这种关系并不简单地反映了在精神病患者研究中发现的典型情况，这表明这些经历不太可能是临床谱上简单的“轻度”经历。Montagnese及其同事的论文(Montagnese et al.， 2021)检查了临床上众所周知但研究严重不足的幻觉类型-即与神经退行性疾病和眼病相关的幻觉。一个长期存在的谜团是，为什么这些情况下的幻觉与洞察力的关系如此不同，一些与眼病相关的幻觉在视觉上很壮观，但通常被清楚地识别为幻觉。Montagnese及其同事研究了洞察力的相关性，发现它可以通过更好的认知和更低的痛苦水平来预测，这可能表明它与其他领域的幻觉有共同之处，尽管确切的关系因临床条件而异。四项研究聚焦于幻听，尽管采用了明显不同的方法。通过一项模拟研究，Bortolon及其同事(Bortolon et al.， 2021)发现，中性和消极的模拟声音在志愿者中引发的主观羞耻感水平相似，这表明声音的情绪影响可能部分归因于它们的侵入性

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引用次数: 0

Towards a neural network hypothesis for functional cognitive disorders: an extension of the Overfitted Brain Hypothesis 功能性认知障碍的神经网络假说:过度拟合脑假说的延伸

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry

Pub Date : 2022-03-21 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2022.2054694

A. Larner

ABSTRACT Introduction: Whilst the empirical understanding of functional cognitive disorders (FCD) has advanced in recent years, theoretical and conceptual models have evolved more slowly. Existing frameworks for FCD are based on models of other functional neurological disorders or of metacognitive processes and are recognised to lack mechanistic precision. Methods: In this article, a novel application to FCD of Hoel’s Overfitted Brain Hypothesis of the evolved function of dreaming is attempted. Results: This posits that the empirically observed sleep disturbance in FCD entails impaired dreaming which causes the brain to be overfitted and hence unable to generalise appropriately, producing mismatch between memory expectations and memory performance. Conclusions: This formulation of FCD is based on considerations derived from the study of neural networks and shares commonalities with Bayesian models of functional neurological disorders. Additionally, it has implications for future hypothesis-driven research in FCD and suggests a pragmatic basis for management strategies.

摘要:近年来，虽然对功能性认知障碍(FCD)的实证研究取得了进展，但理论和概念模型的发展却较为缓慢。FCD的现有框架是基于其他功能性神经疾病或元认知过程的模型，并且被认为缺乏机制精度。方法:本文尝试将Hoel关于梦的进化功能的过拟合脑假说应用于FCD。结果:这假设了经验观察到的FCD睡眠障碍包括梦的受损，这导致大脑过度拟合，因此无法适当地概括，产生记忆期望和记忆表现之间的不匹配。结论:FCD的表述基于神经网络研究的考虑，与功能性神经疾病的贝叶斯模型有共同之处。此外，它对未来FCD的假设驱动研究具有启示意义，并为管理策略提供了实用基础。

引用次数: 1

Being you: a new science of consciousness 做你：一门新的意识科学

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry

Pub Date : 2022-03-12 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2022.2051465

Michael David

引用次数: 69

Alwyn Lishman’s contribution to the neuropsychiatry of head injury (traumatic brain injury); two key papers Alwyn Lishman对脑损伤(创伤性脑损伤)神经精神病学的贡献;两篇关键论文

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry

Pub Date : 2022-03-06 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2022.2047631

V. Raymont, S. Fleminger

ABSTRACT Introduction Alwyn Lishman appreciated that if we are to understand the psychological consequences of cerebral disorder we must study the interaction between organic disease and psychological processes. Methods We have reviewed Lishman’s two major publications on the neuropsychiatry of head injury, published in 1968 and 1988, and considered their conclusions in the light of current knowledge. Results In his 1968 paper on the psychiatric sequelae of open head injuries sustained in World War II Lishman demonstrated associations between the type of psychiatric sequelae and the location of the injury. He also found that those with “somatic complaints”, such as fatigue or sensitivity to light, showed less evidence of organic injury. In his 1988 paper, he attempted to explain why a mild head injury may be followed by long-lasting symptoms. He suggested that in the absence of complications early, organic, symptoms (physiogenesis) should recover quickly. However, this healthy recovery could be jeopardised by psychological factors (psychogenesis), resulting in long-lasting symptoms. This model of physiogenesis and psychogenesis remains relevant today. Conclusions The ideas Lishman developed in these two papers were the basis for his huge contribution to the field of neuropsychiatry, and remain relevant today.

摘要引言Alwyn Lishman认为，如果我们想了解大脑障碍的心理后果，就必须研究器质性疾病与心理过程之间的相互作用。方法回顾利什曼于1968年和1988年发表的两篇关于颅脑损伤神经心理学的主要出版物，并结合现有知识对其结论进行思考。结果利什曼在1968年发表的关于第二次世界大战中头部开放性损伤的精神后遗症的论文中证明了精神后遗症的类型与损伤部位之间的联系。他还发现，那些有“躯体症状”的人，如疲劳或对光敏感，表现出的器质性损伤的证据较少。在1988年的论文中，他试图解释为什么轻度头部损伤后可能会出现长期症状。他建议，在没有并发症的情况下，早期器质性症状（地貌发生）应迅速恢复。然而，这种健康的恢复可能会受到心理因素（心理成因）的危害，从而导致长期症状。这种外貌发生和心理发生的模式至今仍然具有相关性。结论利什曼在这两篇论文中提出的观点是他在神经精神病学领域做出巨大贡献的基础，至今仍具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 1

Negative content in auditory verbal hallucinations: a natural language processing approach. 听觉言语幻觉中的消极内容:一种自然语言处理方法。

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry

Pub Date : 2022-03-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2021.1941831

J N de Boer, H Corona Hernández, F Gerritse, S G Brederoo, F N K Wijnen, I E Sommer

Introduction: Negative content of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) is a strong predictor of distress and impairment. This paper quantifies emotional voice-content in order to explore both subjective (i.e. perceived) and objectively (i.e. linguistic sentiment) measured negativity and investigates associations with distress.

Methods: Clinical and non-clinical participants with frequent AVH (n = 40) repeated and recorded their AVH verbatim directly upon hearing. The AVH were analyzed for emotional valence using Pattern, a rule-based sentiment analyzer for Dutch. The AVH of the clinical individuals were compared to those of non-clinical voice-hearers on emotional valence and associated with experienced distress.

Results: The mean objective valence of AVH in patients was significantly more negative than those of non-clinical voice-hearers. In the clinical individuals a larger proportion of the voice-utterances was negative (34.7% versus 18.4%) in objective valence. The linguistic valence of the AVH showed a significant, strong association with the perceived negativity, amount of distress and disruption of life, but not with the intensity of distress.

Conclusions: Our results indicate that AVH of patients have a more negative linguistic content than those of non-clinical voice-hearers, which is associated with the experienced distress. Thus, patients not only perceive their voices as more negative, objective analyses confirm this.

听觉言语幻觉负性内容(AVH)是痛苦和损害的一个强有力的预测因子。本文量化了情绪语音内容，以探索主观(即感知)和客观(即语言情感)测量的消极性，并调查与痛苦的关联。方法:临床和非临床频发AVH患者(n = 40)听后逐字重复并记录AVH。使用荷兰语基于规则的情绪分析工具Pattern分析AVH的情绪效价。将临床个体的AVH与非临床听话者的AVH进行情绪效价的比较，并与经历的痛苦相关。结果:AVH患者的平均客观效价明显高于非临床听声者。在临床个体中，客观效价为阴性的语音比例更大(34.7%比18.4%)。AVH的语言效价与感知到的消极情绪、痛苦程度和生活中断有显著的、强烈的联系，但与痛苦的强度无关。结论:我们的研究结果表明，AVH患者比非临床语音听者有更多的消极语言内容，这与经历的痛苦有关。因此，患者不仅认为自己的声音更消极，客观分析也证实了这一点。

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引用次数: 14

Unusual experiences and their association with metacognition: investigating ASMR and Tulpamancy. 不寻常的经历及其与元认知的关系:调查ASMR和Tulpamancy。

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry

Pub Date : 2022-03-01 Epub Date: 2021-11-08 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2021.1999798

Emma Palmer-Cooper, Nicola McGuire, Abigail Wright

Background: Unusual experiences in Tulpamancer and Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) communities are generally positive and sought after, unlike hallucinations and delusions in clinical populations. Metacognition, the ability to reflect on self-referential experiences, may aid sense-making around unusual experiences, reducing distress. This study investigated group differences in hallucination-proneness, delusion-proneness, and metacognition in these communities compared to controls, and whether metacognition predicted unusual experiences.

Methods: 243 participants reporting ASMR, Tulpamancy, or neither, with no history of psychosis, took part in an online observational study. Participants completed the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale, Metacognitions Questionnaire-30, and Brief Core Schema Scales to capture metacognition. A Tulpamancer+ (reporting ASMR) group was identified and included in analyses. ANCOVAs highlighted group differences in hallucination-proneness, with Tulpamancer+ scoring higher, and metacognitive beliefs, with Tulpamancers reporting lower metacognitive belief endorsement. There were no group differences in delusion-proneness, self-reflection, or self-schemas. Stepwise regression demonstrated metacognition does influence unusual experiences in the non-clinical population, and this influence varies across groups.

Conclusions: In non-clinical populations, unusual sensory experiences are not associated with increased metacognitive beliefs, but having multiple unusual experiences is associated with higher hallucination-proneness. Results suggest improving metacognition in clinical groups may help reduce distress related to unusual sensory experiences.

背景:与临床人群中的幻觉和妄想不同，在Tulpamancer和自主感觉经络反应(ASMR)群体中，不寻常的经历通常是积极的和受追捧的。元认知，一种反思自我参照经历的能力，可能有助于在不寻常的经历中找到意义，减少痛苦。本研究调查了与对照组相比，这些群体在幻觉倾向、妄想倾向和元认知方面的群体差异，以及元认知是否预测了不寻常的经历。方法:243名报告ASMR、Tulpamancy或两者均无，无精神病史的参与者参加了一项在线观察研究。参与者完成贝克认知洞察力量表、元认知问卷-30和简要核心图式量表来捕捉元认知。鉴定出一个Tulpamancer+(报告ASMR)组并纳入分析。ANCOVAs突出了各组在幻觉倾向和元认知信念方面的差异，Tulpamancer+得分更高，而Tulpamancer报告的元认知信念支持度较低。在妄想倾向、自我反思或自我图式方面没有组间差异。逐步回归表明，元认知确实会影响非临床人群的不寻常经历，而且这种影响在不同群体中有所不同。结论:在非临床人群中，不寻常的感官体验与增加的元认知信念无关，但多次不寻常的体验与更高的幻觉倾向相关。结果表明，改善临床组的元认知可能有助于减少与不寻常的感觉体验相关的痛苦。

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引用次数: 4

Measurement practices in hallucinations research. 幻觉研究中的测量实践。

IF 1.5 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry

Pub Date : 2022-03-01 Epub Date: 2021-11-08 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2021.1999224

David Smailes, Ben Alderson-Day, Cassie Hazell, Abigail Wright, Peter Moseley

Introduction: In several sub-fields of psychology, there has been a renewed focus on measurement practices. As far as we are aware, this has been absent in hallucinations research. Thus, we investigated (a) cross-study variation in how hallucinatory experiences are measured and (b) the reliability of measurements obtained using two tasks that are widely employed in hallucinations research.Method: In Study 1, we investigated to what extent there was variation in how the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale (LSHS) has been used across 100 studies. In Study 2, we investigated the reliability of the measurements obtained through source monitoring and signal detection tasks, using data from four recent publications. Materials/data are available at doi: 10.17605/osf.io/d3gnk/.Results: In Study 1, we found substantial variation in how hallucinatory experiences were assessed using the LSHS and that descriptions of the LSHS were often incomplete in important ways. In Study 2, we reported a range of reliability estimates for the measurements obtained using source monitoring and signal discrimination tasks. Some measurements obtained using source monitoring tasks had unacceptably low levels of reliability.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that suboptimal measurement practices are common in hallucinations research and we suggest steps researchers could take to improve measurement practices.

导言：在心理学的多个分支领域，人们重新开始关注测量实践。据我们所知，在幻觉研究中还没有这方面的研究。因此，我们调查了：(a) 幻觉体验测量方法的跨研究差异；(b) 使用幻觉研究中广泛使用的两种任务进行测量的可靠性：在研究 1 中，我们调查了 100 项研究中使用劳内-斯莱德幻觉量表（LSHS）的差异程度。在研究2中，我们利用最近发表的四篇论文中的数据，调查了通过源监测和信号检测任务获得的测量结果的可靠性。材料/数据可从以下网址获取：10.17605/osf.io/d3gnk/：结果：在研究 1 中，我们发现使用 LSHS 评估幻觉体验的方法存在很大差异，而且 LSHS 的描述往往在一些重要方面不完整。在研究 2 中，我们报告了使用信号源监测和信号辨别任务进行测量的一系列可靠性估计值。一些使用声源监测任务获得的测量结果的可靠性低得令人无法接受：我们的研究结果表明，次优测量方法在幻觉研究中很常见，我们建议研究人员可以采取一些措施来改进测量方法。

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引用次数: 0