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The association between visual hallucinations and secondary psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 视觉幻觉与继发性精神病的关系:一项系统综述和荟萃分析。
IF 1.7 4区 医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2023.2266872
Graham Blackman, Amber Kaur Dadwal, Maria Teixeira-Dias, Dominic Ffytche

Introduction: Visual hallucinations are often considered to be suggestive of a secondary cause of psychosis, however, this association has never been assessed meta-analytically. We aimed to compare the presence of visual hallucinations in patients with psychosis due to a primary or secondary cause.

Method: We conducted a meta-analysis of case-control studies directly comparing primary and secondary psychosis. A random-effects model, following the DerSimonian and Laird method, was used to pool studies and generate overall odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI) and prediction intervals (PI).

Results: Fourteen studies (904 primary and 804 secondary psychosis patients) were included. Visual hallucinations were significantly associated with secondary psychosis (OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.7-5.1, p < 0.001) with moderate between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 70%). Subgroup analysis by type of secondary psychosis (organic, drug-induced, mixed) was non-significant. Analysis of the content of visual hallucinations (51 primary and 142 secondary psychosis patients) found hallucinations of inanimate objects were significantly more likely to be associated with secondary psychosis (OR = 0.1, 95% CI = 0.01-0.8, p = 0.03).

Conclusions: Visual hallucinations were strongly associated with a secondary cause of psychosis. The presence of visual hallucinations in a patient presenting with psychosis may serve as a potential "red flag" for a secondary cause and warrant further investigation.

引言:视觉幻觉通常被认为是精神病的次要原因,然而,这种联系从未被元分析评估过。我们的目的是比较由主要或次要原因引起的精神病患者是否存在视觉幻觉。方法:我们对直接比较原发性和继发性精神病的病例对照研究进行了荟萃分析。根据DerSimonian和Laird方法,采用随机效应模型对研究进行汇总,并生成总体优势比(OR)、95%置信区间(CI)和预测区间(PI)。结果:纳入14项研究(904名原发性和804名继发性精神病患者)。视觉幻觉与继发性精神病显著相关(OR = 3.0,95%CI = 1.7-5.1,p 2. = 70%)。按继发性精神病类型(器质性、药物性、混合性)划分的亚组分析无显著性。对视觉幻觉内容的分析(51名原发性和142名继发性精神病患者)发现,无生命物体的幻觉与继发性精神疾病的关联性明显更高(OR = 0.1,95%CI = 0.01-0.8,p = 0.03)。结论:视觉幻觉与精神病的次要原因密切相关。精神病患者出现视觉幻觉可能是次要原因的潜在“危险信号”,需要进一步调查。
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引用次数: 0
Associations between intraindividual reaction time variability and prospective memory performance in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. 精神分裂症患者和健康对照者的个体反应时间变异性与前瞻记忆表现之间的关系
IF 1.7 4区 医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2023.2255344
Jia-Li Liu, Tao Chen, Ji-Fang Cui, Hai-Song Shi, Ming-Yuan Gan, Ya Wang

Introduction: Patients with schizophrenia exhibit prospective memory (PM) impairment. Intraindividual reaction time variability (IIRTV) is an index of attentional control that is required for PM. This study examined the differences in IIRTV between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls and the relationship between IIRTV and PM performance.Method: Thirty-nine patients with schizophrenia and forty-two healthy controls were recruited to complete a PM task and the Sustained Attention to Response Task. IIRTV was calculated as the coefficient of variation (mean/SD) of reaction time over correctly responded trials in these tasks.Results: Patients with schizophrenia showed lower PM accuracy and increased IIRTV, while the associations between PM accuracy and IIRTV were significant in healthy controls but not in patients with schizophrenia.Conclusion: These findings suggest impaired PM and relationship between PM and attentional control in patients with schizophrenia.

引言:精神分裂症患者表现出前瞻性记忆(PM)障碍。个体内反应时间变异性(IIRTV)是PM所需的注意力控制指标。本研究考察了精神分裂症患者与健康对照组之间IIRTV的差异,以及IIRTV与PM表现之间的关系。方法:39名精神分裂症患者和42名健康对照被招募来完成PM任务和持续注意反应任务。IIRTV计算为这些任务中正确反应试验的反应时间的变异系数(平均/SD)。结果:精神分裂症患者PM准确率较低,IIRTV增加,而PM准确率与IIRTV之间的相关性在健康对照组中显著,但在精神分裂症病人中不显著。结论:这些发现提示精神分裂症患者PM受损以及PM和注意控制之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Reversal learning in those with early psychosis features contingency-dependent changes in loss response and learning. 早期精神病患者的反向学习表现为损失反应和学习的偶然性依赖性变化。
IF 1.7 4区 医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-05 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2023.2259019
Andrea Baker, Shuichi Suetani, Peter Cosgrove, Dan Siskind, Graham K Murray, James G Scott, James P Kesby

Introduction: People with psychotic disorders commonly feature broad decision-making impairments that impact their functional outcomes. Specific associative/reinforcement learning problems have been demonstrated in persistent psychosis. But these phenotypes may differ in early psychosis, suggesting that aspects of cognition decline over time.

Methods: The present proof-of-concept study examined goal-directed action and reversal learning in controls and those with early psychosis.

Results: Equivalent performance was observed between groups during outcome-specific devaluation, and reversal learning at an 80:20 contingency (reward probability for high:low targets). But when the low target reward probability was increased (80:40) those with early psychosis altered their response to loss, whereas controls did not. Computational modelling confirmed that in early psychosis there was a change in punishment learning that increased the chance of staying with the same stimulus after a loss, multiple trials into the future. In early psychosis, the magnitude of this response was greatest in those with higher IQ and lower clinical severity scores.

Conclusions: We show preliminary evidence that those with early psychosis present with a phenotype that includes altered responding to loss and hyper-adaptability in response to outcome changes. This may reflect a compensatory response to overcome the milieu of corticostriatal changes associated with psychotic disorders.

引言:患有精神病的人通常有广泛的决策障碍,这会影响他们的功能结果。特定的联想/强化学习问题已在持续性精神病中得到证实。但这些表型在早期精神病中可能有所不同,这表明认知方面会随着时间的推移而下降。方法:目前的概念验证研究检查了对照组和早期精神病患者的目标导向行动和反向学习。结果:在80:20偶然性(高:低目标的奖励概率)下,在特定于结果的贬值和反向学习期间,观察到两组之间的表现相当。但当低目标奖励概率增加时(80:40),早期精神病患者改变了对损失的反应,而对照组则没有。计算模型证实,在早期精神病患者中,惩罚学习发生了变化,这增加了在失去刺激后保持相同刺激的机会,未来将进行多次试验。在早期精神病中,智商较高、临床严重程度评分较低的人的这种反应程度最大。结论:我们有初步证据表明,早期精神病患者的表型包括对损失的反应改变和对结果变化的高度适应性。这可能反映了克服与精神病相关的皮质纹状体变化环境的补偿反应。
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引用次数: 0
Unique contributions of specific neuropsychiatric symptoms to caregiver burden in informal caregivers family members of patients with dementia. 特定神经精神症状对痴呆症患者非正式照顾者家庭成员照顾者负担的独特贡献。
IF 1.7 4区 医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2023.2255338
Miroslav Hanzevacki, Jelena Lucijanic, Dina Librenjak, Marko Lucijanic, Vesna Juresa

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate how the presence of individual neuropsychiatric symptoms in non-institutionalised patients with dementia is associated with caregiver burden of their informal caregivers, family members.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study on a total of 131 pairs of one informal caregiver family member and non-institutionalised patient with dementia in a family medicine practices in a city of Zagreb, Croatia. Caregiver measures included Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) whereas patient measures included Mini mental state examination (MMSE), Barthel index and Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q).

Results: Total NPI-Q score explained 21% of overall burden. In order of strength of the association, after adjustments for age, sex, MMSE and Barthel index, overall burden was significantly associated with higher NPI-Q scores for agitation/aggression, apathy/indifference, irritability/lability, disinhibition, motor disturbance, appetite/eating, depression/dysphoria, anxiety, elation/euphoria and nighttime behaviours. When evaluating mutually independent contribution of unique NPI-Q symptoms to caregiver burden, agitation/aggression and apathy/indifference remained only two mutually independently associated symptoms, each explaining 5% of overall burden in this context.

Conclusions: Informal caregivers who provide for family members with dementia suffering from agitation/aggression or apathy/indifference should be recognised as under special risk for the development of caregiver burden and considered as candidates for early targeted interventions.

引言:我们旨在评估非住院痴呆患者个体神经精神症状的存在与他们的非正式照顾者、家庭成员的照顾者负担之间的关系。方法:我们对克罗地亚萨格勒布市一家家庭医疗机构的131对非正规护理者家庭成员和非住院痴呆症患者进行了横断面研究。护理人员测量包括Zarit负担访谈(ZBI),而患者测量包括迷你精神状态检查(MMSE)、Barthel指数和神经精神问卷(NPI-Q)。结果:NPI-Q总分解释了21%的总体负担。按照关联强度的顺序,在调整了年龄、性别、MMSE和Barthel指数后,总体负担与较高的NPI-Q分数显著相关,这些分数包括激动/攻击性、冷漠/冷漠、易怒/不稳定、去抑制、运动障碍、食欲/饮食、抑郁/烦躁、焦虑、兴高采烈/欣快和夜间行为。当评估独特的NPI-Q症状对照顾者负担的相互独立贡献时,激动/攻击和冷漠/冷漠仍然是两种相互独立的相关症状,在这种情况下,每种症状都解释了5%的总体负担。结论:为患有焦虑/攻击或冷漠/冷漠的痴呆症家庭成员提供护理的非正式护理人员应被视为护理人员负担发展的特殊风险,并被视为早期有针对性干预的候选者。
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引用次数: 0
Early-onset schizophrenia: studying the links between cognitive and clinical dimensions. 早发性精神分裂症:研究认知和临床维度之间的联系。
IF 1.7 4区 医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-05 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2023.2266871
Emmanuelle Dor-Nedonsel, Arnaud Fernandez, Marie-Line Menard, Valeria Manera, Gaëlle Laure, Susanne Thümmler, Florence Askenazy

Background: Early-onset schizophrenia (EOS), a rare and severe chronic psychiatric condition, is defined by an onset of schizophrenia symptoms before the age of 18. Core symptoms also include cognitive impairments. However, little is known about links between psychiatric symptoms of EOS and cognitive abilities.

Objective: To explore the clinical and neurocognitive profiles of EOS patients and their links.

Method: EOS patients have been phenotyped using standardised psychiatric assessments for DSM-5 diagnoses (K-SADS-PL) and for symptoms (PANSS and SANS), together with neurocognitive evaluations.

Results: The EOS sample (n = 27, 12.4 +/-3.2 years) presented hallucinations (83%), negative symptoms (70%) and delusion (59%). 81% of patients presented comorbidities such as anxiety disorders (33%), autism spectrum disorder (26%) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (26%). Patients presented borderline intellectual deficiency (total IQ = 72.5 +/-4.7), with low performances in working memory subtest. We highlight a positive correlation between the IQ and intensity of positive symptoms (PANSS) and between the IQ and a first treatment being administered at an older age. We also highlight a negative correlation between the IQ and attention items of SANS.

Conclusion: Cognitive skills are correlated with symptom intensity in EOS patients. An older age of onset seems to be a protective factor for cognitive development.

背景:早发性精神分裂症(EOS)是一种罕见且严重的慢性精神病,其定义是在18岁前出现精神分裂症症状。核心症状还包括认知障碍。然而,人们对EOS的精神症状和认知能力之间的联系知之甚少。目的:探讨EOS患者的临床和神经认知特征及其联系。方法:使用DSM-5诊断(K-SADS-PL)和症状(PANSS和SANS)的标准化精神病评估以及神经认知评估对EOS患者进行表型分析。结果:EOS样本(n=27,12.4+/-3.2岁)出现幻觉(83%)、阴性症状(70%)和妄想(59%)。81%的患者患有焦虑症(33%)、自闭症谱系障碍(26%)和注意力缺陷多动障碍(26%。患者表现为临界智力缺陷(总智商=72.5+/-4.7),工作记忆亚测验表现较低。我们强调了智商与阳性症状强度(PANSS)之间的正相关关系,以及智商与老年人首次接受治疗之间的正相关性。我们还强调了SANS的IQ和注意力项目之间的负相关。结论:EOS患者的认知技能与症状强度相关。发病年龄较大似乎是认知发展的一个保护因素。
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引用次数: 0
Contrasting social knowledge and theory of mind patterns in adults with personality disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and healthy controls. 对患有人格障碍、精神分裂症谱系障碍和健康对照的成年人的社会知识和心理模式理论进行对比。
IF 1.7 4区 医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-05 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2023.2259021
Mireille Lampron, Claudia Savard, Allyson Bernier, Maude Payant, Stéphane Sabourin, Amélie M Achim

Introduction: Personality disorders (PD) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) are distinct conditions displaying common symptoms, like impairments in social cognition, that make them hard to distinguish, especially in severe cases. To date, few studies have compared theory of mind skills in these two disorders, and none have compared social knowledge skills. This study aims to compare the social cognitive abilities of patients with these conditions.

Method: Non-parametric analyses of covariance were used to compare severe PD patients (n = 37), SSD patients (n = 44), and healthy controls (HC; n = 49) on the Social Knowledge Test and two measures of theory of mind: the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test and the Combined Stories Test, which incorporates items from various widely used tests.

Results: While no significant group differences were found on the Social Knowledge Test, SSD patients performed lower than the HC group on both theory of mind tests. PD patients only had lower performance than the HC group on specific items from the Combined Stories Test.

Conclusions: PD and SSD patients demonstrated distinctive patterns of social cognitive impairments, with items of greater complexity or with an affective orientation being the most discriminant for PD.

引言:人格障碍(PD)和精神分裂症谱系障碍(SSD)是表现出常见症状的不同疾病,如社会认知障碍,这使得它们很难区分,尤其是在严重病例中。到目前为止,很少有研究比较这两种疾病的心理技能理论,也没有研究比较社会知识技能。本研究旨在比较患有这些疾病的患者的社会认知能力。方法:采用协方差的非参数分析方法比较严重帕金森病患者(n = 37)、SSD患者(n = 44)和健康对照组(HC;n = 49)关于社会知识测试和心理理论的两项测量:阅读眼睛中的心理测试和组合故事测试,该测试包含了各种广泛使用的测试项目。结果:虽然在社会知识测试中没有发现显著的组间差异,但SSD患者在两项心理理论测试中的表现都低于HC组。PD患者在联合故事测试的特定项目上的表现仅低于HC组。结论:PD和SSD患者表现出不同的社会认知障碍模式,其中更复杂或具有情感取向的项目是PD的最具判别力的项目。
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引用次数: 0
Neuropsychiatric features of Parkinson's disease in the era prior to the use of dopaminergic therapies. 使用多巴胺能疗法之前帕金森病的神经精神特征。
IF 1.7 4区 医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2023.2212151
Chengyu Zhang, Suzanne Reeves, Anthony S David, Harry Costello, Jonathan Rogers

Background: Psychosis in Parkinson's disease includes hallucinations and delusions. Other non-psychotic neuropsychiatric features include depression, anxiety and apathy. There is currently controversy over whether psychosis in Parkinson's is an intrinsic part of the disorder or the result of dopaminergic medications. This study aimed to examine a historical cohort of individuals with Parkinson's prior to the use of dopaminergic therapy to assess the prevalence of psychotic and other neuropsychiatric features.

Methods: The case notes of patients with Parkinson's disease admitted to the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London between 1924 and 1946 were examined. Demographic and clinical variables were extracted along with any neuropsychiatric features. Cases meeting criteria for encephalitis lethargica were excluded.

Results: 115 cases of individuals with Parkinson's disease were identified. 58 (41.7%) were female. Mean age was 54.0 (SD 9.6) years and mean time since Parkinson's diagnosis was 5.3 (SD 5.7) years. No individuals met criteria for encephalitis lethargica. No cases of hallucinations or delusions were reported. There was one case of an illusion in a patient who was using anticholinergic medication. Other neuropsychiatric features reported were sleep disorder (present in 10, 8.7%), depression (8, 7.0%), memory impairment (5, 4.3%), impulsivity (4, 3.5%), bradyphrenia (4, 3.5%), impaired attention (3, 2.6%), anxiety (1, 0.9%), fatigue (1, 0.9%) and apathy (1, 0.9%).

Conclusions: Prior to the use of dopaminergic therapies, patients with Parkinson's disease admitted to hospital rarely, if ever, reported psychotic symptoms, although other neuropsychiatric symptoms were more prevalent. The main limitation is that a lack of systematic enquiry about psychotic symptoms may have resulted in underreporting.

背景:帕金森病的精神病包括幻觉和妄想。其他非精神病性神经精神特征包括抑郁、焦虑和冷漠。目前,关于帕金森氏症的精神病是该疾病的固有部分还是多巴胺能药物的结果,存在争议。本研究旨在检查使用多巴胺能治疗前帕金森氏症患者的历史队列,以评估精神病和其他神经精神特征的患病率。方法:对1924年至1946年间入住伦敦国家神经神经外科医院的帕金森病患者的病例记录进行检查。提取人口统计学和临床变量以及任何神经精神特征。符合昏睡性脑炎标准的病例被排除在外。结果:共发现115例帕金森病患者。女性58例(41.7%)。平均年龄为54.0(标准差9.6)岁,自诊断为帕金森氏症以来的平均时间为5.3(标准差5.7)年。没有人符合昏睡性脑炎的标准。没有出现幻觉或妄想的报告。有一例患者在服用抗胆碱能药物时出现幻觉。报告的其他神经精神特征包括睡眠障碍(出现率为10.8.7%)、抑郁(8.7%)、记忆障碍(5.3%)、冲动(4.3%)、脑脊髓炎(4.35%)、注意力减退(3.26%)、焦虑(0.9%)、疲劳(0.9%)和冷漠(0.9%)。结论:在使用多巴胺能疗法之前,帕金森病患者很少入院,如果有的话,报告了精神病症状,尽管其他神经精神症状更为普遍。主要的局限性是缺乏对精神病症状的系统调查可能导致报告不足。
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引用次数: 1
Dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. A systematic review. 成人注意力缺陷多动障碍的自主神经系统失调。系统的回顾。
IF 1.7 4区 医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2023.2255336
Lennard Geiss, Mark Stemmler, Beate Beck, Thomas Hillemacher, Michael Widder, Katharina M Hösl

Background: Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (aADHD) is characterised by inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and emotional instability, all of which were linked to altered modulation of the autonomic nervous system. This and the clinical effectiveness of sympathomimetic medication raised the question if autonomic modulation is altered in aADHD patients.Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web Of Science for publications investigating autonomic modulation in aADHD and controls during resting-state and/or under task conditions.Results: We reviewed 15 studies involving 846 participants (424 aADHD and 422 controls), including 4 studies on sympathetic tone at rest, 13 studies on sympathetic modulation during tasks, 3 studies on resting state parasympathetic modulation and 3 papers on task-related parasympathetic modulation. Studies comprised measurements of electrodermal activity, heart rate variability, blood pressure variability, blood volume pulse, pre-ejection period, and baroreflex sensitivity. 2 studies reported reduced sympathetic tone in aADHD; 7 papers described lower sympathetic reactivity to task demands in this cohort. One study linked aADHD to impaired vagal tone, while no indications of altered tasks-related parasympathetic reactivity in aADHD patients were reported.Conclusion: The reviewed data revealed impaired cardiovascular autonomic modulation in aADHD patients, predominantly in sympathetic modulation and during stress exposure.

背景:成人注意力缺陷多动障碍(aADHD)的特点是注意力不集中、多动、冲动和情绪不稳定,所有这些都与自主神经系统的调节改变有关。这和拟交感神经药物的临床有效性提出了一个问题,即adhd患者的自主神经调节是否发生了改变。方法:我们系统地检索了PubMed、Cochrane Library和Web Of Science,以寻找研究aADHD的自主调节和静息状态和/或任务条件下的对照的出版物。结果:我们回顾了15项研究,涉及846名参与者(424名aADHD和422名对照组),包括4项关于休息时交感神经张力的研究,13项关于任务中交感神经调节的研究,3项关于休息状态副交感神经调制的研究,以及3篇关于任务相关副交感神经调制的论文。研究包括皮肤电活动、心率变异性、血压变异性、血容量脉冲、射血前周期和压力反射敏感性的测量。2项研究报告了adhd患者的交感神经张力降低;7篇论文描述了该队列中对任务需求的交感反应较低。一项研究将aADHD与迷走神经张力受损联系起来,而没有报道aADHD患者与任务相关的副交感神经反应改变的迹象。结论:回顾的数据显示aADHD患者的心血管自主调节受损,主要是在交感神经调节和压力暴露期间。
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引用次数: 0
The presence and severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms and their association with quality of life among patients with dementia. 痴呆症患者神经精神症状的存在和严重程度及其与生活质量的关系。
IF 1.7 4区 医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2023.2255342
Banan Alb'ool, Abdallah Abu Khait

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common manifestations of dementia. The presence and severity of these symptoms differ depending on different personal and contextual factors.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the presence and predictors of neuropsychiatric symptoms and the association between the severity of these symptoms and the quality of life in a sample of patients with dementia in Jordan.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 112 patients with dementia residing in Jordanian nursing homes were recruited using the consecutive sampling method.

Results: The mean severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms was 9.58. The most prevalent neuropsychiatric symptoms among patients were depression (61.6%), followed by irritability (55.4%), and a feeling of euphoria (54.5%). The regression analysis results indicated that gender, marital status, and dementia severity significantly predicted the neuropsychiatric symptoms severity score and explained 17.70% of the variance. A significant negative correlation between the severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms and quality of life was found.

Conclusion: The study's results indicate that our sample reported mild neuropsychiatric symptoms. These symptoms' high prevalence and persistence negatively impact patients' quality of life. The study's results can help mental health nurses determine the factors impacting effective treatment strategies to combat these symptoms. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to help explain the importance of early diagnosis and management of these symptoms in preventing dementia progression.

背景:神经精神症状是痴呆症的常见表现。这些症状的存在和严重程度取决于不同的个人和环境因素。目的:本研究旨在调查约旦痴呆症患者样本中神经精神症状的存在和预测因素,以及这些症状的严重程度与生活质量之间的关系。方法:在这项横断面研究中,使用连续抽样方法招募了居住在约旦疗养院的112名痴呆症患者。结果:神经精神症状的平均严重程度为9.58。患者中最常见的神经精神症状是抑郁(61.6%),其次是易怒(55.4%)和欣快感(54.5%)。回归分析结果表明,性别、婚姻状况和痴呆严重程度显著预测了神经精神症状严重程度评分,并解释了17.70%的方差。神经精神症状的严重程度与生活质量之间存在显著的负相关。结论:研究结果表明,我们的样本报告了轻微的神经精神症状。这些症状的高患病率和持续性对患者的生活质量产生了负面影响。这项研究的结果可以帮助心理健康护士确定影响有效治疗策略的因素,以对抗这些症状。未来的纵向研究有助于解释早期诊断和管理这些症状在预防痴呆症进展中的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Schizophrenia patients perform as well as healthy controls on creative problem solving when fluid intelligence is accounted for. 当考虑到流体智力时,精神分裂症患者在创造性解决问题方面的表现与健康对照组一样好。
IF 1.7 4区 医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2023.2215921
Hanna Kucwaj, Zdzisław Gajewski, Adam Chuderski

Introduction: This study examined creative problem solving in schizophrenia. We aimed to verify three hypotheses: (H1) schizophrenia patients differ from healthy controls in the accuracy of creative problem solving; (H2) schizophrenia patients are less effective at evaluating and rejecting incorrect associations and (H3) have a more idiosyncratic way of searching for semantic associations compared to controls.

Methods: Six Remote Associates Test (RAT) items and three insight problems were applied to schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. We compared groups on the overall accuracy in the tasks to verify H1 and developed a novel method of comparing the patterns of errors in the RAT to verify H2 and H3. We controlled for fluid intelligence to eliminate this significant source of variation, as typically creativity and intelligence are significantly related.

Results: Bayesian factor analysis did not support the group differences in either insight problems and RAT accuracy or the patterns of RAT errors.

Conclusions: The patients performed as well as the controls on both tasks. Analysis of RAT errors suggested that the process of searching for remote associations is comparable in both groups. It is highly improbable that individuals with schizophrenia benefit from their diagnosis during creative problem solving.

引言:本研究考察了精神分裂症患者创造性问题解决的情况。我们旨在验证三个假设:(H1)精神分裂症患者在创造性问题解决的准确性方面与健康对照组不同;(H2)与对照组相比,精神分裂症患者在评估和拒绝不正确的联想方面效果较差,(H3)在搜索语义联想方面更为独特。方法:对精神分裂症患者和健康对照组进行6项远程联想测试(RAT)和3项自知问题。我们比较了验证H1任务的总体准确性,并开发了一种比较RAT中错误模式以验证H2和H3的新方法。我们控制了流动的智力,以消除这种重要的变异来源,因为创造力和智力通常是显著相关的。结果:贝叶斯因素分析不支持洞察问题和RAT准确性或RAT错误模式的群体差异。结论:患者在这两项任务上的表现与对照组一样好。对RAT错误的分析表明,在两组中搜索远程关联的过程是可比较的。精神分裂症患者在创造性解决问题的过程中从诊断中获益的可能性很小。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
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