A four-pass cross-flow heat exchanger was developed and manufactured in this practical study for two types of tubes: smooth and triangular finned tubes. The length of the tube is 250 mm, for a smooth tube the inner and outer diameter (19, 21 mm), and (19, 21 and 24 mm) the inner, outer diameter and the fin root for the finned tube respectively. Water is used as a hot fluid inside the tubes and air is used as a cold fluid outside the tubes. Inlet hot fluid temperatures were 50, 60, 70, and 80 °C, with three air speeds (1, 2, and 3 m/s), and volumetric flow rate (2, 3, 4, and 5 l / min) held steady at 25 ° C. The finned tube outperformed the smooth tube in terms of heat transfer rate, heat transfer coefficient, total heat transfer coefficient, and effectiveness, according to the findings.
{"title":"Enhancement Thermal Transmission for Cross Flow Heat Exchanger by Using Triangular Fins Experimentally","authors":"Shatha Ali Mardan, Z. K. Kadhim, Ali A. Alwan","doi":"10.4028/p-vtts3l","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-vtts3l","url":null,"abstract":"A four-pass cross-flow heat exchanger was developed and manufactured in this practical study for two types of tubes: smooth and triangular finned tubes. The length of the tube is 250 mm, for a smooth tube the inner and outer diameter (19, 21 mm), and (19, 21 and 24 mm) the inner, outer diameter and the fin root for the finned tube respectively. Water is used as a hot fluid inside the tubes and air is used as a cold fluid outside the tubes. Inlet hot fluid temperatures were 50, 60, 70, and 80 °C, with three air speeds (1, 2, and 3 m/s), and volumetric flow rate (2, 3, 4, and 5 l / min) held steady at 25 ° C. The finned tube outperformed the smooth tube in terms of heat transfer rate, heat transfer coefficient, total heat transfer coefficient, and effectiveness, according to the findings.","PeriodicalId":512976,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Headway","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141338496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noor Alhuda Hayder Ali, Mohammed Ali Nasser, K. J. Jadee
A conical disc arranged in different stacks parallel, or series works as a compression spring used in different machine applications. This work focusing on presenting a comparison between theoretical calculation with experimental performance of single spring and their stacked. This comparison with cold stamping manufactured based on spring force and spring rate constant related with deflection. The spring design is chosen according to Belleville spring standard depending on sheet thickness of the selected material Carbon steel C55S-1/1204. Results experimental force for a single spring started high to about (0.2 mm) deflection, then reduced less than theoretical results, with a deviation (32.5 %). The parallel stacked of springs show, the force increased with increasing numbers of discs in spring stack, without clearly affecting deflection of stack in theoretical, but the experimental have (13.5%) variation for two springs and (14.6%) for three discs. While, the series stacked, show the spring deflection increased with increasing numbers of springs in the stack, without clearly affecting the spring force, with a variation of (38.5%) for two spring and (10%) for three discs. Finally, the spring rate increased with increasing deflection till reaching flatness, where the theoretical calculations show higher than the measured experimentally in about (31.5%).
{"title":"An Investigation of the Design Mechanical Performance of Belleville Spring","authors":"Noor Alhuda Hayder Ali, Mohammed Ali Nasser, K. J. Jadee","doi":"10.4028/p-4dnkw0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-4dnkw0","url":null,"abstract":"A conical disc arranged in different stacks parallel, or series works as a compression spring used in different machine applications. This work focusing on presenting a comparison between theoretical calculation with experimental performance of single spring and their stacked. This comparison with cold stamping manufactured based on spring force and spring rate constant related with deflection. The spring design is chosen according to Belleville spring standard depending on sheet thickness of the selected material Carbon steel C55S-1/1204. Results experimental force for a single spring started high to about (0.2 mm) deflection, then reduced less than theoretical results, with a deviation (32.5 %). The parallel stacked of springs show, the force increased with increasing numbers of discs in spring stack, without clearly affecting deflection of stack in theoretical, but the experimental have (13.5%) variation for two springs and (14.6%) for three discs. While, the series stacked, show the spring deflection increased with increasing numbers of springs in the stack, without clearly affecting the spring force, with a variation of (38.5%) for two spring and (10%) for three discs. Finally, the spring rate increased with increasing deflection till reaching flatness, where the theoretical calculations show higher than the measured experimentally in about (31.5%).","PeriodicalId":512976,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Headway","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141343033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noor Alhuda Hayder Ali, Mohammed Ali Nasser, K. J. Jadee
This research presented a numerical assessment for a a selected theoretical design of single and stacked Belleville spring taken into consideration the strength behaviour. Theoretical and numerical analysis focused on two main factors which are the spring force and the variation of the stress at a specific locations across the spring section related to the deflection. This research chose the spring design dimensions according to the Belleville spring standard. The numerical simulation are done by employing ANSYS APDL 2018 software based on the same design and selected material properties. The comparison between the finding shows a good match with deviation less about, where the variation for a single spring being less than 10.9%, and the deviations being about 11.8% and 12.8% for two and three parallelly stacked discs. On the other hand, the divergence was approximately 12.4% and 12.2% for two and three discs stacked in series. The stress distribution results across the spring section shows at the final deflection of (1.15 mm), the maximum von Mises stress is concentrated at the upper surface of the inner hole of the spring, this stress is reduced in value when goes deeply through the thickness of the disc, till reach the minimum value at the middle section of the thickness.
{"title":"A Numerical Assessment of the Belleville Spring Strength Behaviour","authors":"Noor Alhuda Hayder Ali, Mohammed Ali Nasser, K. J. Jadee","doi":"10.4028/p-zr6rau","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-zr6rau","url":null,"abstract":"This research presented a numerical assessment for a a selected theoretical design of single and stacked Belleville spring taken into consideration the strength behaviour. Theoretical and numerical analysis focused on two main factors which are the spring force and the variation of the stress at a specific locations across the spring section related to the deflection. This research chose the spring design dimensions according to the Belleville spring standard. The numerical simulation are done by employing ANSYS APDL 2018 software based on the same design and selected material properties. The comparison between the finding shows a good match with deviation less about, where the variation for a single spring being less than 10.9%, and the deviations being about 11.8% and 12.8% for two and three parallelly stacked discs. On the other hand, the divergence was approximately 12.4% and 12.2% for two and three discs stacked in series. The stress distribution results across the spring section shows at the final deflection of (1.15 mm), the maximum von Mises stress is concentrated at the upper surface of the inner hole of the spring, this stress is reduced in value when goes deeply through the thickness of the disc, till reach the minimum value at the middle section of the thickness.","PeriodicalId":512976,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Headway","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141341523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The literature about various modifications to the vortex generators as passive techniques and some combined techniques was discussed numerically and experimentally. In general, all vortex generators have a good coefficient of thermal performance compared to a plain tube. Most vortex generators don’t consume any amount of energy to perform their function, so can be considered a good tool to enhance the thermal performance coefficient in industrial applications, but they have the disadvantage of high pressure drop. When using vortex generators in two phase flow accelerated the process of transition between phases pattern in addition to increasing heat transfer. The inserted twisted tapes have a low pressure drop and good heat transfer efficiency, resulting in a thermal performance factor of 1.6.In addition, the easier to manufacture where can be changed in size and shape in proportion to the place of use inside the tubes also having a low cost, and do not consume any amount of energy to perform its function, the hybrid methods can be used with it, such as a twisted tape with nonfluids, which had proven effective in thermal performance coefficients, but their disadvantages include the high cost and risk of dealing with these materials ,bubble injectors can also be used, despite the fact that they require energy to operate. So, the twisted tapes inserted can be considered a best tool to be used in enhancing the thermal performance coefficient in various Industrial fields.Based on the reviewed literature, it was determined that the following research is limited and could garner more attention in the future: multiple coaxial cross-twisted tapes with different perforations, and twisted tapes with variable cross-section, typical twisted tapes with regular wavy edge, hybrid methods such as nanofluids and twisted tape can be used in multiphase flow.
{"title":"A Review Study on Modifying Vortex Generators to Improve Thermal Performance in Single- and Two-Phase Flow in Circular Tubes","authors":"F. Alnasur, Riyadh S. Al-Turaihi","doi":"10.4028/p-1mvdhb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-1mvdhb","url":null,"abstract":"The literature about various modifications to the vortex generators as passive techniques and some combined techniques was discussed numerically and experimentally. In general, all vortex generators have a good coefficient of thermal performance compared to a plain tube. Most vortex generators don’t consume any amount of energy to perform their function, so can be considered a good tool to enhance the thermal performance coefficient in industrial applications, but they have the disadvantage of high pressure drop. When using vortex generators in two phase flow accelerated the process of transition between phases pattern in addition to increasing heat transfer. The inserted twisted tapes have a low pressure drop and good heat transfer efficiency, resulting in a thermal performance factor of 1.6.In addition, the easier to manufacture where can be changed in size and shape in proportion to the place of use inside the tubes also having a low cost, and do not consume any amount of energy to perform its function, the hybrid methods can be used with it, such as a twisted tape with nonfluids, which had proven effective in thermal performance coefficients, but their disadvantages include the high cost and risk of dealing with these materials ,bubble injectors can also be used, despite the fact that they require energy to operate. So, the twisted tapes inserted can be considered a best tool to be used in enhancing the thermal performance coefficient in various Industrial fields.Based on the reviewed literature, it was determined that the following research is limited and could garner more attention in the future: multiple coaxial cross-twisted tapes with different perforations, and twisted tapes with variable cross-section, typical twisted tapes with regular wavy edge, hybrid methods such as nanofluids and twisted tape can be used in multiphase flow.","PeriodicalId":512976,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Headway","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141338734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. K. F. Al-Abboodi, Alaa R. Al-Badri, Ali A. Abdulsaeed
On reactivity-controlled compression ignition engines, numerical simulations approach were conducted to study the combined effect of the 2nd pulse fraction and dwell time on combustion and emissions characteristics powered by the diesel-biodiesel blends. The Diesel-RK commercial software carried out the simulation the engine was chosen. Meanwhile, the fuel is directly injected through engine cylinder, four stroke, and single cylinder. Simulations were conducted with different dwell times between start of injections of the 1st and 2nd pulses, while the start of injections times of 1st pulse keeping at -40o CA ATDC. Besides, the fuel fraction ratio of the 2nd pulse was changed at 90, 80,70, and 70%, accordingly. In this current study, the peak cylinder pressure and peak cylinder temperature were compared at various boundary conditions. The extracted results extracted from simulation showed that, in contrast to the dwell time 5o CA, a slightly reduction in peak cylinder pressure by 8.9, 7.8, 6.7, and 9.1% for 10, 15. 20, 25o CA respectively. Peak cylinder temperature showed identical trend, its decreased by 9.0, 6.8, 7.8, and 8.8% . Moreover, the results showed that by decreased fuel fraction ratio from 90 to 60%, the peak cylinder pressure increased by 10.1%, while peak cylinder temperature decreased by 7.9%. As a result of the current study, and based on the results of the experimental work published in the literature, it has been consistently demonstrated that the predictive numerical model is reliable..
{"title":"Effect of Split and Timing Injection Techniques on Diesel-Biodiesel Blends Fueled RCCI Engines","authors":"N. K. F. Al-Abboodi, Alaa R. Al-Badri, Ali A. Abdulsaeed","doi":"10.4028/p-4xcnx1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-4xcnx1","url":null,"abstract":"On reactivity-controlled compression ignition engines, numerical simulations approach were conducted to study the combined effect of the 2nd pulse fraction and dwell time on combustion and emissions characteristics powered by the diesel-biodiesel blends. The Diesel-RK commercial software carried out the simulation the engine was chosen. Meanwhile, the fuel is directly injected through engine cylinder, four stroke, and single cylinder. Simulations were conducted with different dwell times between start of injections of the 1st and 2nd pulses, while the start of injections times of 1st pulse keeping at -40o CA ATDC. Besides, the fuel fraction ratio of the 2nd pulse was changed at 90, 80,70, and 70%, accordingly. In this current study, the peak cylinder pressure and peak cylinder temperature were compared at various boundary conditions. The extracted results extracted from simulation showed that, in contrast to the dwell time 5o CA, a slightly reduction in peak cylinder pressure by 8.9, 7.8, 6.7, and 9.1% for 10, 15. 20, 25o CA respectively. Peak cylinder temperature showed identical trend, its decreased by 9.0, 6.8, 7.8, and 8.8% . Moreover, the results showed that by decreased fuel fraction ratio from 90 to 60%, the peak cylinder pressure increased by 10.1%, while peak cylinder temperature decreased by 7.9%. As a result of the current study, and based on the results of the experimental work published in the literature, it has been consistently demonstrated that the predictive numerical model is reliable..","PeriodicalId":512976,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Headway","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141338765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Machine Building and Energy: New Concepts and Technologies (2nd MBENCT)","authors":"Subhan Namazov, Nizami Yusubov, Sylvio Simon","doi":"10.4028/b-jncup1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/b-jncup1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":512976,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Headway","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140689214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), also known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a highly contagious illness. The first Malaysia COVID-19 case was discovered on January 25, 2020, while Thailand reported their first confirmed case on January 13, 2020. In this research, the main objectives are to identify and forecast the trend of COVID-19 confirmed cases and death cases in Malaysia and Thailand by using the simple exponential smoothing method and Holt’s linear trend method. This research used 365 data of daily COVID-19 confirmed cases and death cases for Malaysia and Thailand. The results showed that Thailand recorded a higher accuracy with MAPE value of 10.41% in terms of daily confirmed cases by using a simple exponential smoothing method and the same findings applied to daily death cases, with Thailand accounted for 25.89% of MAPE. Meanwhile, by using Holt's linear trend method, Thailand achieved a higher accuracy of MAPE (16.77%) in terms of daily confirmed cases and the same conclusions held true for daily death cases, with Thailand accounting for 25.00% of MAPE. However, the simple exponential smoothing method outperformed Holt's linear trend method when forecasting daily confirmed cases, while Holt's linear trend method outperformed it when forecasting daily death cases.
{"title":"Time Series Analysis on Covid-19 Cases in Malaysia and Thailand","authors":"Koh Ee Xinne, Sabariah Binti Saharan","doi":"10.4028/p-5nfqeo","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-5nfqeo","url":null,"abstract":"The 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), also known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a highly contagious illness. The first Malaysia COVID-19 case was discovered on January 25, 2020, while Thailand reported their first confirmed case on January 13, 2020. In this research, the main objectives are to identify and forecast the trend of COVID-19 confirmed cases and death cases in Malaysia and Thailand by using the simple exponential smoothing method and Holt’s linear trend method. This research used 365 data of daily COVID-19 confirmed cases and death cases for Malaysia and Thailand. The results showed that Thailand recorded a higher accuracy with MAPE value of 10.41% in terms of daily confirmed cases by using a simple exponential smoothing method and the same findings applied to daily death cases, with Thailand accounted for 25.89% of MAPE. Meanwhile, by using Holt's linear trend method, Thailand achieved a higher accuracy of MAPE (16.77%) in terms of daily confirmed cases and the same conclusions held true for daily death cases, with Thailand accounting for 25.00% of MAPE. However, the simple exponential smoothing method outperformed Holt's linear trend method when forecasting daily confirmed cases, while Holt's linear trend method outperformed it when forecasting daily death cases.","PeriodicalId":512976,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Headway","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140697113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Even now, many website owners still find cyberattacks—typically web defacement—terrifying. The Indonesian police's Criminal Investigation Unit is still working to track down and apprehend web hackers and vandals because such activity violates the law, could negatively impact an institution's day-to-day operations, necessitates additional funding for repairs, and carries the risk of database theft. In order to map the social network of the cybercrime suspect, this study used VOSviewer as a tool and Zone-H.org as a data source. Both of these sources can be accessible by the general public and used as Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) data. We were able to map one of the suspects who was apprehended by law enforcement, who goes by the pseudonym xgxs and goes by the username 13chmod37. This allowed us to give a general picture of the parties who might have been participating in the web defacement activity. The information we gave may be used by law enforcement to conduct additional investigations and track down additional offenders who are responsible for cyber attacks, particularly site defacement activity.
{"title":"Applying Visualization and Analysis Data to Investigate Cyber Crimes (Case: Web Defacement)","authors":"Mandahadi Kusuma, Dedy Hariyadi, Indah Daila Sari","doi":"10.4028/p-9jbcba","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-9jbcba","url":null,"abstract":"Even now, many website owners still find cyberattacks—typically web defacement—terrifying. The Indonesian police's Criminal Investigation Unit is still working to track down and apprehend web hackers and vandals because such activity violates the law, could negatively impact an institution's day-to-day operations, necessitates additional funding for repairs, and carries the risk of database theft. In order to map the social network of the cybercrime suspect, this study used VOSviewer as a tool and Zone-H.org as a data source. Both of these sources can be accessible by the general public and used as Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) data. We were able to map one of the suspects who was apprehended by law enforcement, who goes by the pseudonym xgxs and goes by the username 13chmod37. This allowed us to give a general picture of the parties who might have been participating in the web defacement activity. The information we gave may be used by law enforcement to conduct additional investigations and track down additional offenders who are responsible for cyber attacks, particularly site defacement activity.","PeriodicalId":512976,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Headway","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140695835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mutiara Eka Permata, E. Sedyadi, Dodi Irwanto, Karmanto Karmanto
Making edible films from potato starch by adding glycerol from used cooking oil with various concentrations of 10, 20 and 30% (v/w starch). This study aims to determine the physical properties of edible films made using these materials and the effect of adding variations in glycerol concentration on the physical properties of the resulting edible films. The physical property tests carried out included thickness, tensile strength, elongation and WVTR (Water Vapor Transmission Rate) tests as well as to see the effect using the pearson correlation test on SPSS version 25. The physical properties of edible film made from potato starch raw materials with the addition of variations in glycerol concentration produced successive thicknesses respectively 0.0670; 0.0674 and 0.0818 mm. Tensile strength respectively 24.237; 14.929 and 3.417 N/m2. Consecutive elongation 2.4064; 5.6768 and 20.096 %. As well as WVTR 5.05556 respectively; 6.38426 and 8.36574. The addition of variations in glycerol concentration to the physical properties of the edible film showed that the addition of glycerol did not significantly affect the thickness, but greatly affected the tensile strength, elongation and WVTR of the resulting edible film.
{"title":"The Effect of Adding Variations in Glycerol Concentration from Used Cooking Oil on the Physical Properties of Edible Film Made from Potato Starch","authors":"Mutiara Eka Permata, E. Sedyadi, Dodi Irwanto, Karmanto Karmanto","doi":"10.4028/p-1mh50n","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-1mh50n","url":null,"abstract":"Making edible films from potato starch by adding glycerol from used cooking oil with various concentrations of 10, 20 and 30% (v/w starch). This study aims to determine the physical properties of edible films made using these materials and the effect of adding variations in glycerol concentration on the physical properties of the resulting edible films. The physical property tests carried out included thickness, tensile strength, elongation and WVTR (Water Vapor Transmission Rate) tests as well as to see the effect using the pearson correlation test on SPSS version 25. The physical properties of edible film made from potato starch raw materials with the addition of variations in glycerol concentration produced successive thicknesses respectively 0.0670; 0.0674 and 0.0818 mm. Tensile strength respectively 24.237; 14.929 and 3.417 N/m2. Consecutive elongation 2.4064; 5.6768 and 20.096 %. As well as WVTR 5.05556 respectively; 6.38426 and 8.36574. The addition of variations in glycerol concentration to the physical properties of the edible film showed that the addition of glycerol did not significantly affect the thickness, but greatly affected the tensile strength, elongation and WVTR of the resulting edible film.","PeriodicalId":512976,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Headway","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140697406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ejah Said Mansur, Mahmud Rizal Mustopa, Ricky Habibullah, Shofwatul Uyun
Plant diseases are taken into consideration as one of the major factors affecting food production and minimizing losses in production, and plant diseases must have rapid detection and recognition. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is one of the foodstuffs that are rich in nutrition and nutrients. Tomatoes are widely consumed by many countries including Indonesia and are hunted to be created in various spices, so tomatoes have a role in the economy due to the large demand. The recent enlargement of device studying techniques has found its application in plant disease detection especially tomato plants, presenting a powerful tool with relatively accurate effects. In this study, we present a systematic literature review aimed at identifying disease images in tomato plants. In this regard, we review 16 studies selected in the last five years with different approaches to address aspects related to tomato plant disease detection.
{"title":"Identification of Disease in Tomato Plants Based on Image: Systematic Literature Review","authors":"Ejah Said Mansur, Mahmud Rizal Mustopa, Ricky Habibullah, Shofwatul Uyun","doi":"10.4028/p-oan0u7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-oan0u7","url":null,"abstract":"Plant diseases are taken into consideration as one of the major factors affecting food production and minimizing losses in production, and plant diseases must have rapid detection and recognition. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is one of the foodstuffs that are rich in nutrition and nutrients. Tomatoes are widely consumed by many countries including Indonesia and are hunted to be created in various spices, so tomatoes have a role in the economy due to the large demand. The recent enlargement of device studying techniques has found its application in plant disease detection especially tomato plants, presenting a powerful tool with relatively accurate effects. In this study, we present a systematic literature review aimed at identifying disease images in tomato plants. In this regard, we review 16 studies selected in the last five years with different approaches to address aspects related to tomato plant disease detection.","PeriodicalId":512976,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Headway","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140697851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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