A. A. I. Ratnadewi, Sabella Muyasyaroh, Fatih Harum, Wuryanti Handayani, Sudarko Sudarko
The xynBTN63D gene sub-cloned on the plasmid shuttle vector pESC and pYHM1 in the host Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) was successfully expressed and characterized. The xynBTN63D gene in the soluble fraction of each plasmid is expressed at induction temperatures of 25, 30, 35, 37, and 40 °C with a molecular weight of ±30 kDa. The soluble fraction of the xynBTN63D gene in both plasmids was expressed at induction temperatures of 25, 30, 35, 37, and 40°C with a molecular weight of ±30 kDa. The recombinant XynBTN63D, purified using the fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) method also has a molecular weight of ±30 kDa, observed using the sodium dodecyl polyacrylamide sodium electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) method. The recombinant XynBTN63D has a temperature of 40 °C and an optimum pH of 5.5. It shows stability from 4 to 40 °C after preincubation for 1 hour with relative activity on the pCES and pMH1 plasmid of more than 50%. Recombinant XynBT63D also showed pH stability after being preincubated for 24 hours by showing relative activity of 86-100% at pH 5.0 to 6.0 for each plasmid
{"title":"Expression and Characterization of Recombinant Endo-β-1,4-D-xylanases XynBTN63D from Soil Termite Abdomen in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)","authors":"A. A. I. Ratnadewi, Sabella Muyasyaroh, Fatih Harum, Wuryanti Handayani, Sudarko Sudarko","doi":"10.4028/p-5cqsmp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-5cqsmp","url":null,"abstract":"The xynBTN63D gene sub-cloned on the plasmid shuttle vector pESC and pYHM1 in the host Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) was successfully expressed and characterized. The xynBTN63D gene in the soluble fraction of each plasmid is expressed at induction temperatures of 25, 30, 35, 37, and 40 °C with a molecular weight of ±30 kDa. The soluble fraction of the xynBTN63D gene in both plasmids was expressed at induction temperatures of 25, 30, 35, 37, and 40°C with a molecular weight of ±30 kDa. The recombinant XynBTN63D, purified using the fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) method also has a molecular weight of ±30 kDa, observed using the sodium dodecyl polyacrylamide sodium electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) method. The recombinant XynBTN63D has a temperature of 40 °C and an optimum pH of 5.5. It shows stability from 4 to 40 °C after preincubation for 1 hour with relative activity on the pCES and pMH1 plasmid of more than 50%. Recombinant XynBT63D also showed pH stability after being preincubated for 24 hours by showing relative activity of 86-100% at pH 5.0 to 6.0 for each plasmid","PeriodicalId":512976,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Headway","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141674550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eli Hendrik Sanjaya, Annisa Elchamida, Dita Ayu Eka Saputri, S. Prabaningtyas, Agung Witjoro, Evi Susanti
Along with the increasing population in Indonesia, there has been an increase in domestic waste production. It is necessary to treat wastewater before it goes to the environment to prevent pollution of the environment. This research was conducted to investigate the potential of isolates A, B, and L from the Biology Department Universitas Negeri Malang as a bacterial consortium in decomposing domestic waste with the aerobic system to remove Chemical Oxygen Demand using a batch system. Experimental trials were carried out using synthetic domestic waste with variations in bacterial formulation treatments and starter doses. The results show that a more stable COD reduction performance was obtained in the batch test process. Sequentially, the COD reduction data efficiency includes B 20% (88.65%), L 20% (84.2%), A 10% (80%), A 20% (79.92%), ABL 10% (72.3%), B 10% (25.67%), ABL 20% (-10.87%), with the greatest efficiency occurring in the L10% treatment at 89.76%. The genotype analysis shows that A, B, and L isolates were identified as Alcaligenes ammonioxydans
随着印度尼西亚人口的不断增长，生活垃圾的产生量也在增加。有必要在废水进入环境之前对其进行处理，以防止对环境造成污染。本研究旨在调查来自马兰大学生物系的分离菌 A、B 和 L 作为细菌联合体在有氧系统中分解生活垃圾的潜力，以批处理系统去除化学需氧量。实验使用合成生活垃圾进行，细菌配方处理和启动剂剂量各不相同。结果表明，在批量试验过程中获得了更稳定的 COD 减排性能。COD 减排数据效率依次为 B 20%（88.65%）、L 20%（84.2%）、A 10%（80%）、A 20%（79.92%）、ABL 10%（72.3%）、B 10%（25.67%）、ABL 20%（-10.87%），其中 L 10%处理效率最高，为 89.76%。基因型分析表明，A、B 和 L 分离物被鉴定为氨氧化烯钙铝菌（Alcaligenes ammonioxydans
{"title":"Potential of the Consortium Bacteria as A Domestic Waste Water Bioremediation Agent","authors":"Eli Hendrik Sanjaya, Annisa Elchamida, Dita Ayu Eka Saputri, S. Prabaningtyas, Agung Witjoro, Evi Susanti","doi":"10.4028/p-ftcg0e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-ftcg0e","url":null,"abstract":"Along with the increasing population in Indonesia, there has been an increase in domestic waste production. It is necessary to treat wastewater before it goes to the environment to prevent pollution of the environment. This research was conducted to investigate the potential of isolates A, B, and L from the Biology Department Universitas Negeri Malang as a bacterial consortium in decomposing domestic waste with the aerobic system to remove Chemical Oxygen Demand using a batch system. Experimental trials were carried out using synthetic domestic waste with variations in bacterial formulation treatments and starter doses. The results show that a more stable COD reduction performance was obtained in the batch test process. Sequentially, the COD reduction data efficiency includes B 20% (88.65%), L 20% (84.2%), A 10% (80%), A 20% (79.92%), ABL 10% (72.3%), B 10% (25.67%), ABL 20% (-10.87%), with the greatest efficiency occurring in the L10% treatment at 89.76%. The genotype analysis shows that A, B, and L isolates were identified as Alcaligenes ammonioxydans","PeriodicalId":512976,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Headway","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141673605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Warsito Warsito, M. Masruri, Sinta Murlistyarini, D. Pangesti, Asyfariatus Zulfa Azhar
This research aims to design anticancer molecules using the hybridization concept based on molecular derivatives of salicylic acid. The investigation explores structures with and without linked amino acid alanine through an in-silico docking approach. The research conducts screenings of the designed salicylic acid derivative molecules against receptors, including MMP9, MMP2, CDK2, P53, BAK EGFR, and ADP Ribose Polymerase. The most promising docking results for multitarget cancer compounds were observed in salicylic acid derivatives with amino acid linkages, specifically salicylic acid-curcumin, salicylic acid-benzyl alcohol, and salicylic acid-eugenol. These derivatives exhibited binding affinities towards MMP9 of -9.6, -9.6, and -8.9 kcal/mol, towards EGFR of -9.0, -7.6, and -7.9 kcal/mol, and ADP Ribose Polymerase of -11.2, -9.0, and -9.4 kcal/mol, respectively. The outcomes of the docking results highlight the significantly improved efficacy of multitarget anticancer compounds designed from salicylic acid derivatives with amino acid linkages, attributing this superiority to the enriched functional groups in the amino acid structure that enhance ligand-receptor interactions. This research contributes to identifying potential drug molecules as effective multitarget anticancer agents.
{"title":"Screening Multitarget Anticancer Compounds from Salicylic Acid Derivatives: (Without and with Amino Acid Linkage) by In Silico Docking","authors":"Warsito Warsito, M. Masruri, Sinta Murlistyarini, D. Pangesti, Asyfariatus Zulfa Azhar","doi":"10.4028/p-svkm5p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-svkm5p","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to design anticancer molecules using the hybridization concept based on molecular derivatives of salicylic acid. The investigation explores structures with and without linked amino acid alanine through an in-silico docking approach. The research conducts screenings of the designed salicylic acid derivative molecules against receptors, including MMP9, MMP2, CDK2, P53, BAK EGFR, and ADP Ribose Polymerase. The most promising docking results for multitarget cancer compounds were observed in salicylic acid derivatives with amino acid linkages, specifically salicylic acid-curcumin, salicylic acid-benzyl alcohol, and salicylic acid-eugenol. These derivatives exhibited binding affinities towards MMP9 of -9.6, -9.6, and -8.9 kcal/mol, towards EGFR of -9.0, -7.6, and -7.9 kcal/mol, and ADP Ribose Polymerase of -11.2, -9.0, and -9.4 kcal/mol, respectively. The outcomes of the docking results highlight the significantly improved efficacy of multitarget anticancer compounds designed from salicylic acid derivatives with amino acid linkages, attributing this superiority to the enriched functional groups in the amino acid structure that enhance ligand-receptor interactions. This research contributes to identifying potential drug molecules as effective multitarget anticancer agents.","PeriodicalId":512976,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Headway","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141673467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lulut Tutik Margi Rahayu, Parsaoran Siahaan, M. Suzery
HDAC proteins play a role in epigenetic changes in cancer-causing gene expression. Previous research reported that hyptolide and its derivatives inhibited several cancer cell growths in vitro. However, the potential of this anticancer compounds in preventing HDAC protein activity has not yet been evaluated. This study aims to determine the site-related inhibitory activity and binding affinity produced by hyptolide against HDAC class IIa protein compared to its derivative complexes. Hyptolide and its derivatives have previously been optimized using ORCA software with B3LYP/6-31G** functional DFT theory. The optimization results on the hyptolide molecule show that the partial charge values of O4, O5, O6, and O7 atoms in the OAc group are -0.437; -0.444; -0.436, and -0.431 with a dipole moment 5.47363 Debye, while the partial charges of hyptolide derivatives on the same atom for epoxy-hyptolide are -0.465; -0.454; -0.448, and -0.415 with dipole moment value 8.57293 Debye and dimethylphenylamine-hyptolide molecules are -0.456; -0.442; -0.559 and -0.418 and dipole moment value 8.86020 Debye. The pharmacokinetics and class toxicity test of ligand compound show that the dimethylphenylamine-hyptolide has highest class toxicity, and it is more toxic than hyptolide and epoxy-hyptolide. The molecular docking process was conducted using AutoDock Vina software. The active site of amino acid residue that interacts with each ligand is Asp B 801 and Val B 708. In line with the partial charge value of the optimized hyptolide compound and its derivatives, binding affinity value complex with dimethylphenylamine-hyptolide ligand compound had the lowest binding affinitiy value in first conformation of -11.00. These results confirm that prediction of hyptolide derivative compounds with nitrogen group as alkylating agents will decrease the binding affinity between ligands and proteins. These results motivate researchers to conduct further studies on the activity of hyptolide derivative compounds in dimethylphenylamine-hyptolide against cancer cell growth in vitro and how to decrease its toxicity.
{"title":"Binding Affinities of Hyptolide and its Derivatives onto HDAC Class IIa Protein from In Silico Analysis","authors":"Lulut Tutik Margi Rahayu, Parsaoran Siahaan, M. Suzery","doi":"10.4028/p-ii4amx","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-ii4amx","url":null,"abstract":"HDAC proteins play a role in epigenetic changes in cancer-causing gene expression. Previous research reported that hyptolide and its derivatives inhibited several cancer cell growths in vitro. However, the potential of this anticancer compounds in preventing HDAC protein activity has not yet been evaluated. This study aims to determine the site-related inhibitory activity and binding affinity produced by hyptolide against HDAC class IIa protein compared to its derivative complexes. Hyptolide and its derivatives have previously been optimized using ORCA software with B3LYP/6-31G** functional DFT theory. The optimization results on the hyptolide molecule show that the partial charge values of O4, O5, O6, and O7 atoms in the OAc group are -0.437; -0.444; -0.436, and -0.431 with a dipole moment 5.47363 Debye, while the partial charges of hyptolide derivatives on the same atom for epoxy-hyptolide are -0.465; -0.454; -0.448, and -0.415 with dipole moment value 8.57293 Debye and dimethylphenylamine-hyptolide molecules are -0.456; -0.442; -0.559 and -0.418 and dipole moment value 8.86020 Debye. The pharmacokinetics and class toxicity test of ligand compound show that the dimethylphenylamine-hyptolide has highest class toxicity, and it is more toxic than hyptolide and epoxy-hyptolide. The molecular docking process was conducted using AutoDock Vina software. The active site of amino acid residue that interacts with each ligand is Asp B 801 and Val B 708. In line with the partial charge value of the optimized hyptolide compound and its derivatives, binding affinity value complex with dimethylphenylamine-hyptolide ligand compound had the lowest binding affinitiy value in first conformation of -11.00. These results confirm that prediction of hyptolide derivative compounds with nitrogen group as alkylating agents will decrease the binding affinity between ligands and proteins. These results motivate researchers to conduct further studies on the activity of hyptolide derivative compounds in dimethylphenylamine-hyptolide against cancer cell growth in vitro and how to decrease its toxicity.","PeriodicalId":512976,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Headway","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141674261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Firas Basim Ismail, Kareena Balan, Abdulkareem Abdulwahab, Hussein A. Kazem, M. Chaichan, Muhammad Aqil Afham Rahmat
The study presents the design of a highly efficient cooking stove for rural applications, along with performance evaluation. Drawing on diverse literature, existing works were analysed to derive design enhancements. Utilizing SolidWorks and Creo, a model was constructed, followed by material selection and cost analysis using accessible market components. ANSYS Fluent enabled flow analysis for both optimal and real configurations, complemented by experimental tests for validation. Results underscore the stove's efficiency, evident in reduced wood consumption for cooking and decreased soot generation. Significantly, the system's heat transfer rate reached 11.67°C/min, outperforming open stoves at 3.42°C/min, while maintaining affordability at RM 415.34. Nomenclature = Temperature transfer efficiency for heat recovery = Temperature outside air before entering system = Temperature inside air after system heat transfer has occurred = Temperature inside air before system is switched on = Temperature Transfer Efficiency for Heat Loss
{"title":"Enhancing Efficiency of Rural Cooking Stove: Numerical and Experimental Validation of Design and Development","authors":"Firas Basim Ismail, Kareena Balan, Abdulkareem Abdulwahab, Hussein A. Kazem, M. Chaichan, Muhammad Aqil Afham Rahmat","doi":"10.4028/p-idjms8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-idjms8","url":null,"abstract":"The study presents the design of a highly efficient cooking stove for rural applications, along with performance evaluation. Drawing on diverse literature, existing works were analysed to derive design enhancements. Utilizing SolidWorks and Creo, a model was constructed, followed by material selection and cost analysis using accessible market components. ANSYS Fluent enabled flow analysis for both optimal and real configurations, complemented by experimental tests for validation. Results underscore the stove's efficiency, evident in reduced wood consumption for cooking and decreased soot generation. Significantly, the system's heat transfer rate reached 11.67°C/min, outperforming open stoves at 3.42°C/min, while maintaining affordability at RM 415.34. Nomenclature = Temperature transfer efficiency for heat recovery = Temperature outside air before entering system = Temperature inside air after system heat transfer has occurred = Temperature inside air before system is switched on = Temperature Transfer Efficiency for Heat Loss","PeriodicalId":512976,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Headway","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141341316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A numerical simulation of the effect of rotation on mixed convection laminar flow with separation and reattachment length is studied. The channel is subjected to span-wise Rotation. The working fluid was air with the prandtl number of 0.71. The governing equations are solved with a finite element-based commercial solver, COMSOL Multiphysics. The influence of the Reynolds number and angular velocity Ω on the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics is numerically studied. Range varies Reynolds number (100 ≤ Re ≤ 500), Richardson number (0.1 ≤ Ri ≤ 10), and angular velocity Ω (0, 10, 20, 30). The Nusselt number, pressure drop, recirculation length, and total flow rate were calculated. The calculated results span a wide parameters set, particularly from low rotational speed to high rotational speed. The Nusselt number, pressure drop, and patterns are shown. When comparing the results of the standard BFS case with the rotating BFS case in a step facing backward, the Heat Transfer Enhancement was 3% present obtained for rotation of Ω=30 at the Reynolds number Re=500.
{"title":"Numerical Study of the Effect of Rotation on Backward-Facing Step","authors":"Ghaidaa Kareem Rahi, Dhafer Hamza","doi":"10.4028/p-nen027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-nen027","url":null,"abstract":"A numerical simulation of the effect of rotation on mixed convection laminar flow with separation and reattachment length is studied. The channel is subjected to span-wise Rotation. The working fluid was air with the prandtl number of 0.71. The governing equations are solved with a finite element-based commercial solver, COMSOL Multiphysics. The influence of the Reynolds number and angular velocity Ω on the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics is numerically studied. Range varies Reynolds number (100 ≤ Re ≤ 500), Richardson number (0.1 ≤ Ri ≤ 10), and angular velocity Ω (0, 10, 20, 30). The Nusselt number, pressure drop, recirculation length, and total flow rate were calculated. The calculated results span a wide parameters set, particularly from low rotational speed to high rotational speed. The Nusselt number, pressure drop, and patterns are shown. When comparing the results of the standard BFS case with the rotating BFS case in a step facing backward, the Heat Transfer Enhancement was 3% present obtained for rotation of Ω=30 at the Reynolds number Re=500.","PeriodicalId":512976,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Headway","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141342244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scientists from a variety of fields have joined forces to study a world so small that it cannot be seen with the naked eye, not even under a light microscope. That is the domain of nanotechnology, the universe of atoms and nanostructures. Anything between 1 and 100 nm in size is generally considered to be within the purview of nanotechnology, despite the occasional disagreement among experts regarding precisely what is included in the nanoscale. That is not the atomic scale and the microscale is still larger. This paper will define nanotechnology and discuss its potential future applications. The application of nanoparticles in one of the mechanical engineering field's most significant uses will also be reviewed. The Vapor Compression Refrigeration System (VCRS) uses nanobased refrigerants to deliver a better, faster cooling process with less power consumption. resulting in the provision of a healthier environment and a more effective system.
{"title":"Enhancement of Vapor Compression Refrigeration System by Adding Different Nano-Fluids: A Review","authors":"Dalya Shaker Qaid","doi":"10.4028/p-0fnjhm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-0fnjhm","url":null,"abstract":"Scientists from a variety of fields have joined forces to study a world so small that it cannot be seen with the naked eye, not even under a light microscope. That is the domain of nanotechnology, the universe of atoms and nanostructures. Anything between 1 and 100 nm in size is generally considered to be within the purview of nanotechnology, despite the occasional disagreement among experts regarding precisely what is included in the nanoscale. That is not the atomic scale and the microscale is still larger. This paper will define nanotechnology and discuss its potential future applications. The application of nanoparticles in one of the mechanical engineering field's most significant uses will also be reviewed. The Vapor Compression Refrigeration System (VCRS) uses nanobased refrigerants to deliver a better, faster cooling process with less power consumption. resulting in the provision of a healthier environment and a more effective system.","PeriodicalId":512976,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Headway","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141343757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microchannels based on Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) have garnered a great lot of interest over the past 40 years from the fields of microfluidics and biomedicine. In order to address the problem of heat dissipation in incredibly small integrated circuits with up to 790 W/cm2 of huge heat dissipation capabilities, Tuckerman et al. [1] first proposed the microchannel heat rejection idea in 1981. These channels are typically at the microscale, with characteristic dimensions on the order of micrometers 10-6m or smaller as shown in Figure 1 [2]. These channels often exist at the microscale and have characteristic diameters of micrometres 10-6m or less. Microchannels display distinct fluidic behaviour as a result of their small size. Because the flow is normally laminar and the Reynolds number is low, the flow pattern is predictable. Capillary forces and other surface forces become comparatively more important. As a result, fluid behaviour in microchannels is greatly influenced by surface wetting characteristics and channel surface roughness.
{"title":"Numerical Analysis of Thermally Developing and Fully Developed Flow in Different Configurations of Microchannels","authors":"Ghufran Kahdem, Ahmed AL-Saadi","doi":"10.4028/p-5s1akm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-5s1akm","url":null,"abstract":"Microchannels based on Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) have garnered a great lot of interest over the past 40 years from the fields of microfluidics and biomedicine. In order to address the problem of heat dissipation in incredibly small integrated circuits with up to 790 W/cm2 of huge heat dissipation capabilities, Tuckerman et al. [1] first proposed the microchannel heat rejection idea in 1981. These channels are typically at the microscale, with characteristic dimensions on the order of micrometers 10-6m or smaller as shown in Figure 1 [2]. These channels often exist at the microscale and have characteristic diameters of micrometres 10-6m or less. Microchannels display distinct fluidic behaviour as a result of their small size. Because the flow is normally laminar and the Reynolds number is low, the flow pattern is predictable. Capillary forces and other surface forces become comparatively more important. As a result, fluid behaviour in microchannels is greatly influenced by surface wetting characteristics and channel surface roughness.","PeriodicalId":512976,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Headway","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141339044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elaf Sadeq Barrak, Karrar A. Hammodi, Ahmed Mouthanna
The enhancement of thermal stratification in solar storage tanks is a crucial aspect of advancing solar energy technology. This study presents an experimental investigation conducted on a vertical cylindrical hot solar water storage tank operating in a dynamic mode, involving simultaneous charging and discharging. The experiment aims to assess the impact of varying inlet water flow rates (4, 6, 8, 10 L/min) on thermal stratification within the tank and explores strategies to mitigate heat losses to the environment and minimize mixing effects caused by the inlet fluid flow. The experimental setup incorporates insulation and an inlet port diffuser section to optimize the distribution of inlet water during the charging and discharging states. The results reveal that the utilization of an inlet port diffuser significantly improves thermal stratification by reducing heat losses and minimizing mixing effects, as evidenced by improved Richardson numbers. Additionally, this study contributes to the development of a compact solar domestic hot water (SDHW) solution.
{"title":"Thermal Stratification in Solar Water Storage Tanks through Inlet Port Diffuser Optimization during Charge and Discharge Processes","authors":"Elaf Sadeq Barrak, Karrar A. Hammodi, Ahmed Mouthanna","doi":"10.4028/p-1r0mvz","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-1r0mvz","url":null,"abstract":"The enhancement of thermal stratification in solar storage tanks is a crucial aspect of advancing solar energy technology. This study presents an experimental investigation conducted on a vertical cylindrical hot solar water storage tank operating in a dynamic mode, involving simultaneous charging and discharging. The experiment aims to assess the impact of varying inlet water flow rates (4, 6, 8, 10 L/min) on thermal stratification within the tank and explores strategies to mitigate heat losses to the environment and minimize mixing effects caused by the inlet fluid flow. The experimental setup incorporates insulation and an inlet port diffuser section to optimize the distribution of inlet water during the charging and discharging states. The results reveal that the utilization of an inlet port diffuser significantly improves thermal stratification by reducing heat losses and minimizing mixing effects, as evidenced by improved Richardson numbers. Additionally, this study contributes to the development of a compact solar domestic hot water (SDHW) solution.","PeriodicalId":512976,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Headway","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141344251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this research, a main matrix has been derived from the stress components in the inclined plane with an angle θ that calculates the normal stresses and shear stress in the inclined plane to be used in calculating the main stresses and the maximum shear stress in one step, this is done using the principal stress angle which is calculated from known stress compounds. As well as calculating the maximum shear stress after using the correction factor. The inverse of this derived matrix can be used to calculate the stress compounds through the known principal stresses and this applies to the components of the principal strain and strain, and the maximum shear strain. All this is done through MATLAB simulation Keywords: Normal Stresses and Strains, Shear, Principal Stresses, max. Shear Stress
{"title":"A New Main Matrix to Find the Principal Stresses, Strains and the Max - Shear Stress, Strain by MATLAB Simulation","authors":"Abdullah Dhayea Assi","doi":"10.4028/p-clvs2s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-clvs2s","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, a main matrix has been derived from the stress components in the inclined plane with an angle θ that calculates the normal stresses and shear stress in the inclined plane to be used in calculating the main stresses and the maximum shear stress in one step, this is done using the principal stress angle which is calculated from known stress compounds. As well as calculating the maximum shear stress after using the correction factor. The inverse of this derived matrix can be used to calculate the stress compounds through the known principal stresses and this applies to the components of the principal strain and strain, and the maximum shear strain. All this is done through MATLAB simulation Keywords: Normal Stresses and Strains, Shear, Principal Stresses, max. Shear Stress","PeriodicalId":512976,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Headway","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141339891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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