Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.1007/s10506-024-09398-7
Andrea Galassi, F. Lagioia, A. Jabłonowska, Marco Lippi
{"title":"Unfair clause detection in terms of service across multiple languages","authors":"Andrea Galassi, F. Lagioia, A. Jabłonowska, Marco Lippi","doi":"10.1007/s10506-024-09398-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-024-09398-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51336,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Intelligence and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140748324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1007/s10506-024-09400-2
Christoph Engel, Lorenz Linhardt, Marcel Schubert
{"title":"Correction to: Code is law: how COMPAS affects the way the judiciary handles the risk of recidivism","authors":"Christoph Engel, Lorenz Linhardt, Marcel Schubert","doi":"10.1007/s10506-024-09400-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-024-09400-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51336,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Intelligence and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140751139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-10DOI: 10.1007/s10506-023-09387-2
Francesco Sovrano, Monica Palmirani, Salvatore Sapienza, Vittoria Pistone
{"title":"DiscoLQA: zero-shot discourse-based legal question answering on European Legislation","authors":"Francesco Sovrano, Monica Palmirani, Salvatore Sapienza, Vittoria Pistone","doi":"10.1007/s10506-023-09387-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-023-09387-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51336,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Intelligence and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139439836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-09DOI: 10.1007/s10506-023-09380-9
J. F. Muñoz-Soro, Rafael del Hoyo Alonso, Rosa Montañes, Francisco Lacueva
{"title":"A neural network to identify requests, decisions, and arguments in court rulings on custody","authors":"J. F. Muñoz-Soro, Rafael del Hoyo Alonso, Rosa Montañes, Francisco Lacueva","doi":"10.1007/s10506-023-09380-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-023-09380-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51336,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Intelligence and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139444496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2023-04-24DOI: 10.1007/s10506-023-09357-8
Axel Constant
Bayesian approaches to legal reasoning propose causal models of the relation between evidence, the credibility of evidence, and ultimate hypotheses, or verdicts. They assume that legal reasoning is the process whereby one infers the posterior probability of a verdict based on observed evidence, or facts. In practice, legal reasoning does not operate quite that way. Legal reasoning is also an attempt at inferring applicable rules derived from legal precedents or statutes based on the facts at hand. To make such an inference, legal reasoning follows syllogistic logic and first order transitivity. This paper proposes a Bayesian model of legal syllogistic reasoning that complements existing Bayesian models of legal reasoning using a Bayesian network whose variables correspond to legal precedents, statutes, and facts. We suggest that legal reasoning should be modelled as a process of finding the posterior probability of precedents and statutes based on available facts.
{"title":"A Bayesian model of legal syllogistic reasoning.","authors":"Axel Constant","doi":"10.1007/s10506-023-09357-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10506-023-09357-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bayesian approaches to legal reasoning propose causal models of the relation between evidence, the credibility of evidence, and ultimate hypotheses, or verdicts. They assume that legal reasoning is the process whereby one infers the posterior probability of a verdict based on observed evidence, or facts. In practice, legal reasoning does not operate quite that way. Legal reasoning is also an attempt at inferring applicable rules derived from legal precedents or statutes based on the facts at hand. To make such an inference, legal reasoning follows syllogistic logic and first order transitivity. This paper proposes a Bayesian model of legal syllogistic reasoning that complements existing Bayesian models of legal reasoning using a Bayesian network whose variables correspond to legal precedents, statutes, and facts. We suggest that legal reasoning should be modelled as a process of finding the posterior probability of precedents and statutes based on available facts.</p>","PeriodicalId":51336,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Intelligence and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11127888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44641438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2023-06-28DOI: 10.1007/s10506-023-09368-5
Iris Schepers, Masha Medvedeva, Michelle Bruijn, Martijn Wieling, Michel Vols
With the ever-growing accessibility of case law online, it has become challenging to manually identify case law relevant to one's legal issue. In the Netherlands, the planned increase in the online publication of case law is expected to exacerbate this challenge. In this paper, we tried to predict whether court decisions are cited by other courts or not after being published, thus in a way distinguishing between more and less authoritative cases. This type of system may be used to process the large amounts of available data by filtering out large quantities of non-authoritative decisions, thus helping legal practitioners and scholars to find relevant decisions more easily, and drastically reducing the time spent on preparation and analysis. For the Dutch Supreme Court, the match between our prediction and the actual data was relatively strong (with a Matthews Correlation Coefficient of 0.60). Our results were less successful for the Council of State and the district courts (MCC scores of 0.26 and 0.17, relatively). We also attempted to identify the most informative characteristics of a decision. We found that a completely explainable model, consisting only of handcrafted metadata features, performs almost as well as a less well-explainable system based on all text of the decision.
{"title":"Predicting citations in Dutch case law with natural language processing.","authors":"Iris Schepers, Masha Medvedeva, Michelle Bruijn, Martijn Wieling, Michel Vols","doi":"10.1007/s10506-023-09368-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10506-023-09368-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the ever-growing accessibility of case law online, it has become challenging to manually identify case law relevant to one's legal issue. In the Netherlands, the planned increase in the online publication of case law is expected to exacerbate this challenge. In this paper, we tried to predict whether court decisions are cited by other courts or not after being published, thus in a way distinguishing between more and less authoritative cases. This type of system may be used to process the large amounts of available data by filtering out large quantities of non-authoritative decisions, thus helping legal practitioners and scholars to find relevant decisions more easily, and drastically reducing the time spent on preparation and analysis. For the Dutch Supreme Court, the match between our prediction and the actual data was relatively strong (with a Matthews Correlation Coefficient of 0.60). Our results were less successful for the Council of State and the district courts (MCC scores of 0.26 and 0.17, relatively). We also attempted to identify the most informative characteristics of a decision. We found that a completely explainable model, consisting only of handcrafted metadata features, performs almost as well as a less well-explainable system based on all text of the decision.</p>","PeriodicalId":51336,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Intelligence and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11291598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47866539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.1007/s10506-023-09385-4
Yuri D. R. Costa, Hugo Oliveira, Valério Nogueira, Lucas Massa, Xu Yang, Adriano Barbosa, Krerley Oliveira, T. Vieira
{"title":"Automating petition classification in Brazil’s legal system: a two-step deep learning approach","authors":"Yuri D. R. Costa, Hugo Oliveira, Valério Nogueira, Lucas Massa, Xu Yang, Adriano Barbosa, Krerley Oliveira, T. Vieira","doi":"10.1007/s10506-023-09385-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-023-09385-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51336,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Intelligence and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138999292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.1007/s10506-023-09382-7
Ilaria Canavotto
{"title":"Reasoning with inconsistent precedents","authors":"Ilaria Canavotto","doi":"10.1007/s10506-023-09382-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-023-09382-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51336,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Intelligence and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139002537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-10DOI: 10.1007/s10506-023-09383-6
K. Branting, Bradford Brown, Chris Giannella, J. V. Guilder, Jeff Harrold, Sarah Howell, Jason R. Baron
{"title":"Decision support for detecting sensitive text in government records","authors":"K. Branting, Bradford Brown, Chris Giannella, J. V. Guilder, Jeff Harrold, Sarah Howell, Jason R. Baron","doi":"10.1007/s10506-023-09383-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-023-09383-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51336,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Intelligence and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138982323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-26DOI: 10.1007/s10506-023-09381-8
Jingpei Dan, Weixuan Hu, Yuming Wang
{"title":"Enhancing legal judgment summarization with integrated semantic and structural information","authors":"Jingpei Dan, Weixuan Hu, Yuming Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10506-023-09381-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-023-09381-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51336,"journal":{"name":"Artificial Intelligence and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139235415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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