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COVID-19 and employee job performance trajectories: The moderating effect of different sources of status COVID-19与员工工作绩效轨迹:不同地位来源的调节作用
IF 11.1 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2023.103862
Xin Liu , Xiaoming Zheng , Byron Y. Lee , Yu Yu , Mengyi Zhang

This study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on employee job performance trajectories, and further examines the moderating effects of different sources of status. Drawing from event system theory (EST), we propose that employee job performance decreases upon COVID-19 onset, but gradually increases during the postonset period. Furthermore, we argue that status from society, occupation, and workplace functions to moderate such performance trajectories. We test our hypotheses with a unique dataset of 708 employees that combines survey responses and job performance archival data over 21 consecutive months (10,808 observations) spanning the preonset, onset, and postonset periods of the initial encounter with COVID-19 in China. Utilizing discontinuous growth modeling (DGM), our findings indicate that the onset of COVID-19 created an immediate decrease in job performance, but such decrease was weakened by higher occupation and/or workplace status. However, the postonset period resulted in a positive employee job performance trajectory, which was strengthened for employees with lower occupational status. These findings enrich our understanding of COVID-19's impact on employee job performance trajectories, highlight the role of status in moderating such changes over time, and also provide practical implications to understand employee performance when facing such a crisis.

本研究探讨了新冠疫情对员工工作绩效轨迹的影响,并进一步考察了不同身份来源的调节作用。根据事件系统理论(EST),我们提出员工的工作绩效在COVID-19发病时下降,但在发病后逐渐上升。此外,我们认为来自社会、职业和工作场所的地位会调节这种绩效轨迹。我们使用708名员工的独特数据集来验证我们的假设,该数据集结合了连续21个月(10,808次观察)的调查反馈和工作绩效档案数据,涵盖了中国首次接触COVID-19的发病前、发病期和发病后。利用不连续增长模型(DGM),我们的研究结果表明,COVID-19的发作导致工作绩效立即下降,但这种下降被更高的职业和/或工作场所地位所削弱。而职后期对员工的工作绩效轨迹有正向影响,且在职业地位较低的员工中得到强化。这些发现丰富了我们对COVID-19对员工工作绩效轨迹的影响的理解,强调了地位在减缓这种变化方面的作用,并为理解员工在面临此类危机时的绩效提供了实际意义。
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引用次数: 5
Seeking stability in unstable employment: An explorative study of temporary agency workers' career self-management 在不稳定的就业中寻求稳定:临时中介人员职业自我管理的探索性研究
IF 11.1 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2023.103877
Jana Retkowsky, Sanne Nijs, J. Akkermans, S. Khapova, P. Jansen
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引用次数: 2
Strengths-based leadership and employee work engagement: A multi-source study 基于优势的领导与员工工作投入:一项多来源研究
IF 11.1 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2023.103859
Jixin Wang , Marianne van Woerkom , Kimberley Breevaart , Arnold B. Bakker , Shiyong Xu

Strengths-based leadership helps employees identify, utilize, and develop their strengths. Does such leadership facilitate employee work engagement and performance? In this study, we integrate Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) and Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theories to hypothesize that strengths-based leadership is positively related to employee task performance through employee work engagement, and that this effect is moderated by LMX quality. We collected survey data at two time points – with one month interval – from 556 Chinese workers and their managers (N = 104 teams). The results of path modelling showed that strengths-based leadership was positively related to supervisor-ratings of employee task performance via employee work engagement. As predicted, the positive relation between strengths-based leadership and employee work engagement was stronger when LMX was of high-quality. However, the predicted moderated-mediation effect was not supported. We discuss the implications of these findings for research on strengths-based leadership, as well as the practical implications.

优势型领导帮助员工识别、利用和发展自己的优势。这样的领导能促进员工的工作投入和绩效吗?在本研究中,我们整合了工作需求-资源(JD-R)和领导-成员交换(LMX)理论,假设优势型领导通过员工工作投入与员工任务绩效呈正相关,并且这种影响受到LMX质量的调节。我们在两个时间点(间隔一个月)收集了556名中国员工及其管理人员(N = 104个团队)的调查数据。路径模型结果显示,优势型领导与主管通过员工工作投入对员工任务绩效的评价呈正相关。正如预测的那样,当LMX高质量时,优势型领导与员工工作投入的正相关关系更强。然而,预测的调节中介效应不被支持。我们讨论了这些发现对优势型领导研究的意义,以及实际意义。
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引用次数: 8
It is not only what you do, but why you do it: The role of attribution in employees' emotional and behavioral responses to illegitimate tasks 问题不仅在于你做了什么,还在于你为什么这么做:归因在员工对不合理任务的情绪和行为反应中的作用
IF 11.1 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2023.103860
Zhen Wang, Fubin Jiang

Illegitimate tasks are tasks that violate the norms governing what an employee can reasonably be expected to do. Although extant research has demonstrated the link between illegitimate tasks and negative emotions, little is known about why illegitimate tasks are associated with various emotions and subsequent behaviors in employees. Building on the cognitive appraisal theory of emotion and the attributional perspective, we proposed two negative attributions for illegitimate tasks (i.e., negative competence attribution and negative relationship attribution) and examined how they are differentially associated with employees' emotions and behaviors when asked to perform illegitimate tasks. The results of Study 1 (a scenario-based experiment using 400 employees) and Study 2 (a three-wave survey of 519 employees), which were both conducted in China, show that when faced with illegitimate tasks that employees attribute to the insufficiency of their competence (i.e., negative competence attribution), they are more likely to experience shame, and when employees attribute being assigned illegitimate tasks to undesirable relationships with their leader and colleagues (i.e., negative relationship attribution), they are more likely to feel angry. Shame and anger are further related to employees' work and social withdrawal behavior, respectively. This study showcases the role of attribution in employee responses to illegitimate tasks and provides an attribution perspective on why illegitimate tasks are associated with various emotions and behaviors among employees.

非法任务是指违反规范的任务,这些规范规定了员工可以合理地期望他们做什么。虽然现有的研究已经证明了不合理的任务和负面情绪之间的联系,但对于为什么不合理的任务与员工的各种情绪和随后的行为有关,我们知之甚少。基于情绪认知评价理论和归因视角,我们提出了两种非正当任务的负性归因(负性能力归因和负性关系归因),并考察了它们在被要求执行非正当任务时与员工情绪和行为的差异关联。研究1(400名员工的场景实验)和研究2(519名员工的三波调查)都在中国进行,结果表明,当员工面临不合理的任务时,员工将其归因于自身能力不足(即负能力归因),他们更容易感到羞耻,当员工将被分配不合理的任务归因于与领导和同事的不良关系(即,消极关系归因),他们更容易感到愤怒。羞耻感和愤怒感分别与员工的工作退缩行为和社会退缩行为有进一步的关系。本研究展示了归因在员工对非法任务的反应中的作用,并从归因的角度解释了为什么非法任务与员工的各种情绪和行为有关。
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引用次数: 3
Paid employment in adolescence and rapid integration into a career-related job in early adulthood among vulnerable youth: The identity connection 弱势青年青春期带薪就业和成年早期快速融入职业相关工作:身份联系
IF 11.1 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2023.103864
Éliane Thouin , Véronique Dupéré , Anne-Sophie Denault

For youth transitioning to adulthood, finding a job that matches one's career aspirations is a major challenge. This is especially true for non-college-bound youth, for whom well-paid, meaningful work opportunities are scarce. One avenue often proposed to enhance these youths' chances of successful professional integration is through work experiences during high school, which are thought to help at least in part by supporting identity development processes. The purpose of this study was to test this premise in a Canadian sample (N = 386; 50 % female; 23 % minority) of socioeconomically disadvantaged and academically vulnerable youth (48 % without a post-secondary degree) followed longitudinally from their mid-teens to their early twenties. Beyond potential confounders, no direct association was found between adolescent employment (at both moderate and intensive levels) and integration into a career-related job. However, mediation analyses showed that moderate work in high school (i.e., <20 h per week) was significantly associated with identity commitment (b = 1.82, p < .001), which was in turn linked to integration into a career-related job matching professional goals in early adulthood (b = 0.08, p < .001). Among the control variables, having a vocational degree was a strong predictor of integration into a career-related job. Overall, these results suggest that career counselors accompanying adolescents who do not intend to attend college should consider employment at moderate levels as an option to foster their identity related to future plans, interests, and values, as well as vocational training options.

对于即将步入成年的年轻人来说,找到一份符合自己职业理想的工作是一项重大挑战。对于没有上大学的年轻人来说尤其如此,因为对他们来说,高薪、有意义的工作机会很少。提高这些年轻人成功融入职业的机会的一种途径通常是通过高中期间的工作经验,这被认为至少在一定程度上有助于支持身份发展过程。本研究的目的是在加拿大样本中检验这一前提(N = 386;女性占50%;23%(少数民族)的社会经济弱势和学业弱势青年(48%没有高等教育学位)从十几岁到二十岁出头。除了潜在的混杂因素外,青少年就业(无论是中等水平还是密集水平)与融入与职业相关的工作之间没有直接联系。然而,中介分析显示,高中适度工作(即每周20小时)与身份承诺显著相关(b = 1.82, p <.001),这反过来又与成年早期融入与职业相关的工作相匹配的职业目标有关(b = 0.08, p <措施)。在控制变量中,拥有职业学位是融入职业相关工作的有力预测因素。综上所述,这些结果表明,不打算上大学的青少年的职业顾问应该考虑中等水平的就业作为一种选择,以培养他们与未来计划、兴趣和价值观相关的身份,以及职业培训选择。
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引用次数: 1
Why do people network? Professional networking motives and their implications for networking behaviors and career success 为什么人际网络?职业网络动机及其对网络行为和职业成功的影响
IF 11.1 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2023.103856
Caitlin M. Porter , Sang Eun Woo , Nicole Alonso , Galen Snyder

Professional networking involves a series of goal-directed interpersonal interactions that build and maintain professional relationships and include the exchange of work and career-benefiting resources. Despite the utility of professional networking, many people eschew the activity, which has spurred interest in the question: “why do people network?” Drawing from psychological theories of personality and behavioral prediction, we offer a theoretical basis for Professional Networking Motives (PNMs) that accounts for prior explanations for why people network. We verify and elaborate upon our initial theoretical conceptualization of PNMs by drawing from a series of semi-structured interviews of industrial and organizational psychologists based in the United States to identify the domain-specific content of PNMs (Study 1). We further posit that “why” people network (i.e., their PNMs) has implications for “how” they network (i.e., networking behaviors) and their career success. In Study 2, we develop and validate a measure of PNMs based upon occupationally diverse samples based in the United States, and we use a time-separated research design to evaluate whether PNMs differentially predict networking behaviors and career success. We illustrate the value of understanding people's motives for professional networking, as certain PNMs are more important than others for promoting different types of networking behaviors and forms of career success. We conclude by discussing the theoretical and practical implications of our study and offer suggestions for future research to deepen the understanding of professional networking and PNMs.

职业关系网包括一系列以目标为导向的人际互动,这些互动可以建立和维持职业关系,还包括交换工作和对职业有益的资源。尽管职业社交网络很有用,但许多人还是回避这种活动,这引发了人们对“人们为什么要建立社交网络”这个问题的兴趣。从人格和行为预测的心理学理论出发,我们为职业网络动机(PNMs)提供了一个理论基础,该理论解释了人们为什么建立网络的先前解释。通过对美国工业和组织心理学家的一系列半结构化访谈,我们验证并详细阐述了我们对人际关系管理的初步理论概念,以确定人际关系管理的特定领域内容(研究1)。我们进一步假设,“为什么”人们建立网络(即他们的人际关系管理)对他们“如何”建立网络(即网络行为)和他们的职业成功具有影响。在研究2中,我们基于美国不同职业的样本,开发并验证了一种情绪管理量表,并采用时间分离的研究设计来评估情绪管理量表对人际关系行为和职业成功的预测是否存在差异。我们说明了理解人们建立职业网络动机的价值,因为某些pm在促进不同类型的网络行为和职业成功方面比其他pm更重要。最后,我们讨论了本研究的理论和实践意义,并对未来的研究提出了建议,以加深对专业网络和pmms的理解。
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引用次数: 1
Technology-assisted supplemental work: A meta-analysis 技术辅助补充工作:荟萃分析
IF 11.1 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2023.103861
Clara Kühner , Cort W. Rudolph , Daantje Derks , Melina Posch , Hannes Zacher

Due to the increasing digitalization and connectivity of work, more and more employees engage in technology-assisted supplemental work (TASW). TASW refers to the performance of work-related tasks after regular work hours with the aid of technological tools. Based on a conceptual model of TASW, we present a comprehensive meta-analysis of potential antecedents and outcomes of TASW (K = 89 independent samples, N = 39,085 employees). Results showed that TASW is associated with social normative work context characteristics, such as availability expectations after work (ρ¯ = 0.45), and work characteristics, such as job demands (ρ¯ = 0.32). Associations were also found between TASW and person characteristics, such as work identity (ρ¯ = 0.35) and segmentation preference (ρ¯ = −0.20). Moreover, TASW is related to important employee outcomes, including recovery-related outcomes, such as psychological detachment (ρ¯ = −0.38); well-being outcomes, such as job strain (ρ¯ = 0.12); nonwork-related outcomes, such as work nonwork conflict (ρ¯ = 0.32); as well as attitudinal and performance-related outcomes, such as organizational commitment (ρ¯ = 0.16) and work performance (ρ¯ = 0.27). We also found TASW to be related to certain demographic characteristics, such as male gender (ρ¯ = 0.11) and job-level (ρ¯ = 0.23). Exploratory moderator analyses further revealed that gender moderated the relationship between job demands and TASW, such that the relationship was weaker for samples with a higher percentage of females. We conclude by discussing potential directions for future research to advance the understanding of TASW.

由于工作的日益数字化和互联化,越来越多的员工从事技术辅助补充工作(TASW)。TASW是指在正常工作时间之外,借助技术工具完成与工作相关的任务。基于TASW的概念模型,我们对TASW的潜在前因和结果进行了全面的meta分析(K = 89个独立样本,N = 39,085名员工)。结果表明,TASW与社会规范性工作环境特征相关,如下班后的可用性期望(ρ¯= 0.45)和工作特征,如工作要求(ρ¯= 0.32)。TASW与个人特征之间也存在关联,例如工作身份(ρ¯= 0.35)和分割偏好(ρ¯= - 0.20)。此外,TASW与重要的员工结果相关,包括与恢复相关的结果,如心理脱离(ρ¯= - 0.38);幸福感结果,如工作压力(ρ¯= 0.12);与工作无关的结果,如工作与非工作冲突(ρ¯= 0.32);以及态度和绩效相关的结果,如组织承诺(ρ¯= 0.16)和工作绩效(ρ¯= 0.27)。我们还发现TASW与某些人口统计学特征有关,例如男性性别(ρ¯= 0.11)和工作水平(ρ¯= 0.23)。探索性调节分析进一步显示,性别调节了工作需求与TASW之间的关系,因此在女性比例较高的样本中,这种关系较弱。最后,我们讨论了未来研究的潜在方向,以促进对TASW的理解。
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引用次数: 3
A trickle-out model of organizational dehumanization and displaced aggression 组织非人化和流离失所的侵略的涓滴模型
IF 11.1 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2022.103826
Constantin Lagios , Simon Lloyd D. Restubog , Patrick Raymund James M. Garcia , Yaqing He , Gaëtane Caesens

In this paper, we integrate displaced aggression theory with organizational dehumanization research to examine the trickle-out effects of organizational dehumanization. Specifically, we argue that supervisors who feel dehumanized by their organization will displace their aggression toward their subordinates by engaging in supervisor undermining behaviors. Undermined subordinates, in turn, will displace their own aggression toward their family members through family undermining behaviors, ultimately impairing the latter's relationship satisfaction and perceptions of emotional support. Furthermore, these mediated relationships are exacerbated when supervisors' fear of retaliation from the organization is high. We tested the research model in two independent studies using multi-source data: (1) a four-wave investigation of 184 full-time employees along with their spouses and supervisors (Study 1) and (2) 175 supervisor-subordinate-family member triads (Study 2). Results of Study 1 suggested that supervisors' perceptions of organizational dehumanization were associated with subordinates' perceptions of supervisor undermining. This, in turn, was associated with spouse-reported undermining behaviors and ultimately spouse-reported relationship satisfaction. In Study 2, we went one step further and showed that supervisors' perceptions of organizational dehumanization were serially related to family outcomes (i.e., relationship satisfaction and perceptions of emotional support) via subordinates' perceptions of supervisor undermining and family members' reports of family undermining. Further, high fear of retaliation strengthened these mediated relationships. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

本文将迁移攻击理论与组织非人化研究相结合,探讨组织非人化的涓滴效应。具体来说,我们认为那些感到被组织非人化的主管会通过参与破坏主管的行为来取代他们对下属的攻击。反过来,被削弱的下属会通过破坏家庭的行为取代自己对家庭成员的攻击,最终损害后者的关系满意度和对情感支持的感知。此外,当管理者对组织报复的恐惧程度很高时,这些中介关系会加剧。我们使用多源数据在两项独立研究中对研究模型进行了检验:(1)对184名全职员工及其配偶和主管进行了四波调查(研究1);(2)对175名主管-下属-家庭成员三人组进行了调查(研究2)。研究1的结果表明,主管对组织非人化的感知与下属对主管破坏的感知相关。反过来,这又与配偶报告的破坏行为以及最终配偶报告的关系满意度有关。在研究2中,我们进一步表明,通过下属对主管破坏的感知和家庭成员对家庭破坏的报告,主管对组织非人化的感知与家庭结果(即关系满意度和情感支持的感知)呈序列相关。此外,对报复的高度恐惧加强了这些调解关系。讨论了理论和实践意义。
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引用次数: 3
Dynamics of parent-adolescent interactions during a discussion on career choice: The role of parental behaviors and emotions 在职业选择讨论中父母与青少年互动的动态:父母行为和情绪的作用
IF 11.1 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2022.103837
Mélanie Bourret, Catherine F. Ratelle, André Plamondon, Geneviève Boisclair Châteauvert

This study examined parental behaviors (autonomy support, control) toward their adolescent child as well as parents' and adolescents' positive and negative emotions experienced during parent-adolescent discussions on vocational decision-making. Research showed that repeated daily interactions provide the seeds to stable interactional patterns. Exploring short-term interactions allows to understand the process of behavioral and emotional change that takes place during discussions. Thus, a first goal was to identify and describe parental behaviors and emotions manifested by parents and adolescents during this discussion. Second, using a multilevel modeling approach, dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM), simultaneous associations between parental behaviors and emotions were examined. The third goal was to examine the extent to which parental behaviors and parents' and adolescents' emotions predicted each other during this discussion. Parent-adolescent dyads (N = 42) participated in a discussion task on the adolescent's career choice, where parental behaviors were rated by observers, and emotions were detected with a facial expression recognition software. Results showed that parental autonomy is beneficial for adolescents in the short term (reduction of negative emotions). Also, the results showed that adolescents' emotions influence parental behaviors, suggesting that adolescents play an active role in the co-construction of their vocational project by leading the parent to adopt specific behaviors during the discussion. Finally, the emotions of parents and adolescents were dynamically interrelated, which indicates emotional contagion. These findings highlight the necessity to consider momentary parental behaviors and emotions to better understand parental contributions in vocational development.

本研究考察了父母对青少年子女的自主、支持、控制行为,以及父母和青少年在讨论职业决策时的积极情绪和消极情绪。研究表明,重复的日常互动为稳定的互动模式提供了种子。探索短期互动可以让我们理解在讨论中发生的行为和情绪变化的过程。因此,第一个目标是识别和描述父母和青少年在讨论中表现出的父母行为和情绪。其次,采用多层次建模方法——动态结构方程模型(DSEM),研究了父母行为与情绪之间的同步关联。第三个目标是检查在讨论过程中,父母的行为和父母与青少年的情绪在多大程度上相互预测。父母-青少年二人组(N = 42)参与了一项关于青少年职业选择的讨论任务,观察员对父母的行为进行评价,并通过面部表情识别软件检测情绪。结果表明,父母的自主性在短期内有利于青少年(减少负面情绪)。此外,青少年的情绪影响父母的行为,这表明青少年在共同构建自己的职业项目中发挥了积极的作用,引导父母在讨论过程中采取特定的行为。最后,父母和青少年的情绪是动态相关的,表现为情绪传染。这些发现强调了考虑父母瞬间行为和情绪的必要性,以更好地理解父母在职业发展中的贡献。
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引用次数: 2
What we are pushed to do versus what we want to do: Comparing the unique effects of citizenship pressure and actual citizenship behavior on fatigue and family behaviors 我们被迫做什么和我们想做什么:比较公民压力和实际公民行为对疲劳和家庭行为的独特影响
IF 11.1 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2023.103845
Ekaterina Netchaeva , Remus Ilies , Massimo Magni , Jingxian Yao

Past research has distinguished between organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs), which refer to willful extra-role behaviors, and citizenship pressure – the perceived pressure to engage in these behaviors. Although citizenship pressure can be seen as a precursor to OCBs, it is also considered a stressing demand (and evidence for the association between these two citizenship constructs is mixed); thus, in the current research we examine citizenship pressure and OCB as independent constructs and compare their effects on relevant outcomes. Drawing on the Model of Human Energy (Quinn, Spreitzer, & Lam, 2012) as our overarching framework for this research, we hypothesize that both daily citizenship pressure and OCB lead to greater fatigue – an indicator of perceptions of resource threat or depletion – and that these relationships will be moderated by sleep quality that the employees had the night before. We further predict that fatigue will have negative effects on spouses' reports regarding employees' engagement in social activities with them in the evening, and that this relationship will be moderated by spousal recovery support provision. We test our hypotheses in a sample of professionals using Experience Sampling Methodology. Findings and implications, as well as directions for future research, are discussed.

过去的研究区分了组织公民行为(ocb)和公民压力(citizenship pressure),前者指的是故意的角色外行为,后者指的是参与这些行为的感知压力。虽然公民压力可以被视为公民行为的前兆,但它也被认为是一种压力需求(这两种公民身份结构之间存在关联的证据是混合的);因此,在当前的研究中,我们将公民压力和公民责任作为独立的构式来考察,并比较它们对相关结果的影响。借鉴人类能量模型(Quinn, Spreitzer, &Lam, 2012)作为我们本研究的总体框架,我们假设日常公民压力和公民组织行为都会导致更大的疲劳——资源威胁或枯竭感知的一个指标——这些关系将被员工前一晚的睡眠质量所调节。我们进一步预测,疲劳会对配偶关于员工在晚上与他们一起参加社交活动的报告产生负面影响,并且这种关系将被配偶恢复支持所调节。我们使用经验抽样方法在专业人员样本中测试我们的假设。讨论了研究结果、意义以及未来的研究方向。
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引用次数: 1
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Journal of Vocational Behavior
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