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Policy Brief: Living with(out) Citizenship 政策简介:拥有(或不拥有)公民身份
IF 5 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1177/00221465251391250
Thoa V. Khuu, Jennifer Van Hook, Kendal L. Lowrey
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引用次数: 0
Seeing Discrimination: How Different Definitions of Discrimination Relate to Health in U.S. Adults 看到歧视:歧视的不同定义如何与美国成年人的健康相关
IF 5 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1177/00221465251386416
Lauren Valentino, Evangeline Warren
Research demonstrates that perceived discrimination negatively impacts health. Yet there is conflicting evidence about how an individual’s definition of discrimination—separate from their experience of discrimination—shapes health disparities. Using a nationally representative survey experiment in which participants (N = 2,000) are asked to evaluate nine different scenarios of potential discrimination, we find that how a person labels these discrimination scenarios is significantly related to their self-rated health, even after controlling for sociodemographic factors. U.S. adults who are more likely to label the event as discrimination in cases where it is intentional have comparatively worse self-rated health, whereas those who are more likely to label discrimination in cases where it affects more powerful groups (White people, men, and the wealthy) have comparatively better self-rated health—even though they are not experiencing the discrimination themselves. We argue that these findings have important implications for how health researchers measure discrimination’s health effects.
研究表明,感知到的歧视会对健康产生负面影响。然而,关于个人对歧视的定义——与他们的歧视经历分开——是如何形成健康差异的,有相互矛盾的证据。在一项具有全国代表性的调查实验中,参与者(N = 2000)被要求评估9种不同的潜在歧视情景,我们发现,即使在控制了社会人口因素之后,一个人如何标记这些歧视情景与他们的自评健康显著相关。美国成年人更有可能在故意的情况下给歧视贴上歧视的标签,他们的自评健康状况相对较差,而那些更有可能在歧视影响更强大的群体(白人、男性和富人)的情况下给歧视贴上歧视的标签的人,他们的自评健康状况相对较好——即使他们自己没有经历过歧视。我们认为,这些发现对健康研究人员如何衡量歧视对健康的影响具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
The Management of Social Standing: Characterizing the Influence of HIV Stigma on HIV Talk and Testing Behavior in Philippine Key Populations Using a Grounded Theory Approach 社会地位的管理:表征艾滋病污名对艾滋病谈话和检测行为的影响在菲律宾关键人群使用接地理论方法
IF 5 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1177/00221465251388639
Gideon Livingstone P. Bendicion, Augil Marie Q. Robles, Moniq Muyargas, Timoteo Balensoy, Bea Izabeaux T. Mendoza, Kiara Angela A. Sarmiento, ML Demaisip Farinas, Aron Harold G. Pamoso, Angelique Pearl Virtue P. Villasanta, Just Lynn D. Panaligan, Joseph Eleut G. Violago, Ver Reyes, Jonathan Fontilla
We characterize the way human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) stigma hinders HIV conversations and testing. Using grounded theory principles, we analyzed in-depth interviews of the experiences of select Philippine key populations (groups with high HIV burden) and their families: 19 men who have sex with men (KPM), 16 transgender women (KPW), and 16 parents of KPM/W. Results show how KPM/W protect the state of being respected by others (management of social standing), a task they engage in by strategically modulating behavior in different life domains, including when considering HIV conversations and testing. Our results specify the management of social standing as an object being threatened by stigma and as a process making KPM/W behavior susceptible to the influence of HIV stigma, even for KPM/W who may not possess the mark of positive serostatus. This raises questions about the theorizing of stigma, which traditionally has focused on the susceptibility of marked but not unmarked individuals.
我们描述了人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)耻辱阻碍HIV对话和测试的方式。运用扎根的理论原则,我们分析了菲律宾重点人群(高艾滋病毒负担群体)及其家庭的深度访谈经验:19名男男性行为者(KPM), 16名变性女性(KPW)和16名KPM/W的父母。结果显示了KPM/W如何保护被他人尊重的状态(社会地位管理),他们通过战略性地调节不同生活领域的行为来参与这项任务,包括在考虑艾滋病毒对话和检测时。我们的研究结果表明,社会地位的管理是一个受到耻辱感威胁的对象,也是一个使KPM/W行为容易受到艾滋病毒耻辱感影响的过程,即使对于那些可能没有血清状态阳性标记的KPM/W来说也是如此。这就提出了关于污名化理论的问题,传统上污名化理论关注的是有标记而非无标记个体的易感性。
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引用次数: 0
Healing from Suicide: How Suicide Disclosures Can Facilitate Social Integration and Healing 从自杀中康复:自杀披露如何促进社会融合和治疗
IF 5 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1177/00221465251386873
Katie R. Billings
Despite rising suicide rates in the United States, we know little about how people experience suicidality and how they access healing from suicidality. Using semistructured interviews with 102 suicide survivors—those who have seriously considered and/or attempted suicide—I ask: How do suicide survivors make sense of suicide disclosures, and what generates healing from suicidality? Using a micro-sociological Durkheimian framework, these data suggest that when suicide disclosures share two elements, narrative freedom and an empathetic audience, they facilitate social integration and thereby promote healing. Narrative freedom occurs when survivors have the agency to construct their own disclosures; an empathetic audience receives disclosures with understanding. Together, these two characteristics promote a micro-sociological social integration, which, in turn, facilitates healing from suicidality. These findings contribute to the sociology of suicide by applying Durkheim’s integration at the interpersonal level and highlighting the social factors that promote healing rather than solely risk.
尽管美国的自杀率在上升,但我们对人们如何经历自杀以及他们如何从自杀中获得治疗知之甚少。通过对102名自杀幸存者(那些认真考虑过和/或企图过自杀的人)的半结构化访谈,我提出了以下问题:自杀幸存者如何理解自杀的披露?使用微观社会学的迪尔凯姆框架,这些数据表明,当自杀披露具有两个要素,叙述自由和同情的观众,他们促进社会融合,从而促进愈合。当幸存者有能力构建自己的信息披露时,叙事自由就出现了;有同理心的听众会理解你所透露的信息。这两个特征共同促进了微观社会学的社会整合,进而促进了自杀倾向的康复。这些发现通过应用迪尔凯姆在人际层面的整合,并强调促进愈合而不仅仅是风险的社会因素,为自杀社会学做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
American Dreaming? Evaluating Trait Explanations for Health Inequalities by Race and Socioeconomic Status. 美国梦吗?评价种族和社会经济地位对健康不平等的特质解释。
IF 5 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1177/00221465251368347
Bruce G Link,Ezra S Susser,Pam Factor-Litvak,Barbara A Cohn
In the context of strong cultural beliefs associated with the American Dream, a prominent body of scholarship asserts that traits such as intelligence, self-confidence, and self-control play a pivotal role in the life course emergence of health inequalities by race and socioeconomic status (SES). We use prospectively ascertained data from approximately 50-year-old Black and White study participants (N = 605) whose mothers were recruited when pregnant with the participant. Follow-up into adulthood provided measures of cognitive and noncognitive traits, SES, and health needed to test trait explanations. Results show no evidence that traits are independently associated with adult health when SES is controlled or that they account for race or SES inequalities in health. Although the American Dream emphasizes individual traits as key factors shaping life outcomes, our results suggest the need to look elsewhere to understand why health inequalities by race and SES are such prominent social facts.
在与美国梦相关的强烈文化信仰的背景下,一个著名的学术机构断言,智力、自信和自我控制等特征在种族和社会经济地位(SES)造成的生命过程中健康不平等的出现中起着关键作用。我们使用了来自大约50岁的黑人和白人研究参与者(N = 605)的前瞻性确定数据,这些参与者的母亲在怀孕时被招募。成年后的随访提供了测试特征解释所需的认知和非认知特征、社会经济地位和健康状况的测量。结果显示,没有证据表明,当社会经济地位受到控制时,这些特征与成人健康有独立的联系,也没有证据表明这些特征可以解释种族或社会经济地位在健康方面的不平等。尽管美国梦强调个人特征是影响生活结果的关键因素,但我们的研究结果表明,需要去其他地方看看,以理解为什么种族和社会地位造成的健康不平等是如此突出的社会事实。
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引用次数: 0
Structural Ableism, Health, and Functioning among People with Disabilities: An Extension of the Social Determinants of Health Framework 结构性残疾、健康和残疾人的功能:健康框架的社会决定因素的延伸
IF 5 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2025-10-19 DOI: 10.1177/00221465251379456
Robyn Lewis Brown
This study examined how structural ableism, conceptualized through the social determinants of health framework, impacts health outcomes among people with disabilities. Using multilevel regression analysis with data from the 2020 National Survey on Health and Disability (N = 2,175) paired with state-level indicators from the 2019 American Community Survey, it investigated associations between state-level disparities (in educational attainment, income, health insurance coverage, housing accessibility, and public transportation access) and self-rated health and functional limitation. Results demonstrated that structural ableism operates through distinct pathways for each health outcome. Income, health insurance, and transportation gaps by disability status at the state level significantly predicted self-rated health, and health insurance and housing gaps were the strongest predictors of functional limitation. The findings provide empirical evidence that state-level arrangements create systematic patterns of health advantage or disadvantage that transcend individual experiences, emphasizing the need to address structural barriers associated with disability.
本研究考察了通过健康的社会决定因素框架概念化的结构性残疾如何影响残疾人的健康结果。利用2020年全国健康与残疾调查(N = 2175)的数据与2019年美国社区调查的州级指标进行多层次回归分析,研究了州级差异(教育程度、收入、医疗保险覆盖范围、住房可及性和公共交通可及性)与自我评估的健康和功能限制之间的关系。结果表明,结构性残疾通过不同的途径对每种健康结果起作用。州一级残疾状况的收入、医疗保险和交通差距显著预测自评健康,医疗保险和住房差距是功能限制的最强预测因子。研究结果提供了经验证据,表明国家一级的安排创造了超越个人经验的健康优势或劣势的系统模式,强调需要解决与残疾有关的结构性障碍。
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引用次数: 0
State Policy Liberalism in Adolescence and Risk for Dementia from 2000 to 2016 among Older U.S. Adults 2000 - 2016年美国老年人青少年的国家政策自由主义与痴呆风险
IF 5 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2025-10-19 DOI: 10.1177/00221465251371065
Meghan Zacher, Samantha Brady, Susan E. Short
Although prior research identifies many social determinants of dementia, few studies look upstream toward dementia’s macrosocial correlates, and fewer still consider macrosocial conditions in early life. This study focuses on state policy contexts in adolescence and, specifically, on state policy liberalism, defined as the overarching conservative–liberal orientation of state policies. We link panel data from a nationally representative sample of 6,410 U.S. adults ages 65 to 80 in the 2000 wave of the Health and Retirement Study with longitudinal data on state policy liberalism extending back in time to when respondents were young. Discrete-time hazard models examine relationships between state policy liberalism and the development of dementia from 2000 to 2016. Results show that more liberal state policy contexts in adolescence are associated with lower dementia risk in older age. Policy contexts over the life course and especially in early life warrant further exploration as macrosocial determinants of dementia.
尽管先前的研究确定了痴呆症的许多社会决定因素,但很少有研究关注痴呆症的宏观社会相关性,更少的研究关注早期生活中的宏观社会条件。本研究侧重于青少年的国家政策背景,特别是国家政策自由主义,定义为国家政策的总体保守-自由主义取向。我们将2000年健康与退休研究浪潮中具有全国代表性的6410名65至80岁美国成年人的面板数据与回溯到受访者年轻时的州政策自由主义纵向数据联系起来。离散时间风险模型研究了2000年至2016年国家政策自由主义与痴呆症发展之间的关系。结果表明,青少年时期更宽松的国家政策背景与老年痴呆症风险较低有关。生命过程中的政策背景,特别是生命早期的政策背景,作为痴呆症的宏观社会决定因素,值得进一步探索。
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引用次数: 0
Did Social Capital Protect Mental Health from Social Mixing Restrictions and Spatial Immobility during the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Longitudinal Analysis of Individual- and Contextual-Level Local Social Capital. 在COVID-19大流行期间,社会资本是否保护心理健康免受社会混合限制和空间静止?个体与情境层面的地方社会资本纵向分析。
IF 3.6 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2025-10-05 DOI: 10.1177/00221465251368341
James Laurence

This study investigates whether local social capital (neighbor networks and norms of trust/reciprocity) buffered the impact of mixing/mobility restrictions on psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. It draws on two nationally representative panel surveys: the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) Mainstage survey (n = 31,805 person-observations) and UKHLS COVID-19 survey (n = 22,933 person-observations), a subsample of the Mainstage survey respondents followed during the pandemic. Individual-level and (prepandemic/peripandemic) contextual-level local social capital indicators are tested. Longitudinal fixed-effects analyses indicate that distress increased with the onset of mixing restrictions, and peripandemic psychological distress increased more in areas experiencing greater spatial immobility (measured using Google spatial mobility data). However, increases in distress were significantly smaller among individuals reporting both higher individual and contextual social capital. Differences in social contact or neighborhood social support did not explain social capital's buffering role. Results suggest social capital be considered a key element of crisis preparedness.

本研究调查了当地社会资本(邻居网络和信任/互惠规范)是否缓冲了COVID-19大流行期间混合/流动限制对心理困扰的影响。它借鉴了两项具有全国代表性的小组调查:英国家庭纵向研究(UKHLS)主阶段调查(n = 31805人观察)和UKHLS COVID-19调查(n = 22933人观察),这是大流行期间主要阶段调查受访者的子样本。测试了个人层面和(大流行前/大流行期间)背景层面的当地社会资本指标。纵向固定效应分析表明,随着混合限制的出现,痛苦增加,在空间不流动性较大的地区,大流行期间的心理痛苦增加更多(使用谷歌空间流动性数据测量)。然而,在报告较高的个人和环境社会资本的个体中,痛苦的增加明显较小。社会接触或邻里社会支持的差异并不能解释社会资本的缓冲作用。结果表明,社会资本被认为是危机准备的关键因素。
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引用次数: 0
Whose American Dream? Examining the John Henryism Hypothesis for Psychological Distress among African American and Caribbean Black Women. 谁的美国梦?非裔美国人和加勒比黑人妇女心理困扰的约翰·亨利主义假说研究。
IF 3.6 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/00221465251362467
Millicent N Robinson, Courtney S Thomas Tobin

The John Henryism hypothesis (JHH) suggests high John Henryism may adversely affect the health of individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES). Although prevalent among Black Americans, its impact on Black women's mental health across ethnic subgroups remains understudied. Using National Survey of American Life data (2001-2003), a factor analysis and negative binomial regression examined John Henryism patterns and psychological distress among 1,209 African American and 371 Caribbean Black women. Distinct factor structures indicated the need for group-specific versions of John Henryism variables to capture its role within each population. The analysis found no direct link between John Henryism and distress for either group. However, after accounting for sociodemographic factors and stressors, high John Henryism was associated with lower distress among Caribbean Black women. Evidence supporting the JHH was found only among Caribbean Black women, where John Henryism was protective for those with low and moderate SES but unrelated to distress for high-SES individuals.

约翰·亨利主义假说认为,高约翰·亨利主义可能对社会经济地位低的个体的健康产生不利影响。尽管在美国黑人中普遍存在,但它对黑人女性心理健康的影响仍未得到充分研究。利用2001-2003年美国国家生活调查数据,对1209名非裔美国人和371名加勒比黑人妇女的约翰·亨利主义模式和心理困扰进行了因素分析和负二项回归分析。不同的因素结构表明需要特定于群体的John Henryism变量版本来捕捉其在每个群体中的作用。分析发现,约翰·亨利主义和两组人的痛苦之间没有直接联系。然而,在考虑了社会人口因素和压力因素之后,高约翰·亨利主义与加勒比黑人妇女较低的痛苦有关。支持JHH的证据只在加勒比黑人女性中被发现,约翰亨利主义对那些低和中等社会地位的人有保护作用,但对高社会地位的人来说,与痛苦无关。
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引用次数: 0
Emotional Rollercoaster: How Immigration Policy and Agency Shape Mental Health among Undocumented College Students. 情绪过山车:移民政策和机构如何塑造无证大学生的心理健康。
IF 5 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1177/00221465251362476
Martha Morales Hernandez
Exclusionary immigration laws and policies have been shown to produce adverse mental health outcomes. However, less work has traced the processes through which mental health experiences arise and how undocumented college students employ their agency to protect their mental health. Drawing on 66 in-depth interviews, I build on my interviewees' descriptions of mental health as a rollercoaster to illustrate how their stress process is shaped by immigration laws and students' agency. I find that ever-changing and unpredictable immigration laws and policies promote feelings of emotional distress. However, students utilize their agency to uplift themselves and support their psychological well-being. Yet despite their actions, emotional distress and psychological well-being coexist in students' everyday lives. Ultimately, I argue that students' agency supports their psychological well-being, but the immigration law and policy context they are embedded in limits their efforts and instead places them in a perilous emotional rollercoaster.
排外的移民法律和政策已被证明会产生不利的心理健康结果。然而,很少有研究追踪心理健康经历产生的过程,以及无证大学生如何利用他们的代理机构来保护他们的心理健康。根据66个深度访谈,我以受访者对心理健康的描述为基础,说明他们的压力过程是如何受到移民法和学生中介机构的影响的。我发现,不断变化和不可预测的移民法律和政策会加剧情绪困扰。然而,学生利用他们的代理来提升自己,支持他们的心理健康。然而,除了他们的行为,情感困扰和心理健康在学生的日常生活中并存。最后,我认为学生中介机构支持他们的心理健康,但他们所处的移民法律和政策环境限制了他们的努力,反而把他们置于危险的情绪过山车中。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Health and Social Behavior
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