Journal of Health and Social Behavior最新文献

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American Dreaming? Evaluating Trait Explanations for Health Inequalities by Race and Socioeconomic Status. 美国梦吗?评价种族和社会经济地位对健康不平等的特质解释。

IF 5 1区医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Health and Social Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1177/00221465251368347

Bruce G Link,Ezra S Susser,Pam Factor-Litvak,Barbara A Cohn

In the context of strong cultural beliefs associated with the American Dream, a prominent body of scholarship asserts that traits such as intelligence, self-confidence, and self-control play a pivotal role in the life course emergence of health inequalities by race and socioeconomic status (SES). We use prospectively ascertained data from approximately 50-year-old Black and White study participants (N = 605) whose mothers were recruited when pregnant with the participant. Follow-up into adulthood provided measures of cognitive and noncognitive traits, SES, and health needed to test trait explanations. Results show no evidence that traits are independently associated with adult health when SES is controlled or that they account for race or SES inequalities in health. Although the American Dream emphasizes individual traits as key factors shaping life outcomes, our results suggest the need to look elsewhere to understand why health inequalities by race and SES are such prominent social facts.

在与美国梦相关的强烈文化信仰的背景下，一个著名的学术机构断言，智力、自信和自我控制等特征在种族和社会经济地位（SES）造成的生命过程中健康不平等的出现中起着关键作用。我们使用了来自大约50岁的黑人和白人研究参与者（N = 605）的前瞻性确定数据，这些参与者的母亲在怀孕时被招募。成年后的随访提供了测试特征解释所需的认知和非认知特征、社会经济地位和健康状况的测量。结果显示，没有证据表明，当社会经济地位受到控制时，这些特征与成人健康有独立的联系，也没有证据表明这些特征可以解释种族或社会经济地位在健康方面的不平等。尽管美国梦强调个人特征是影响生活结果的关键因素，但我们的研究结果表明，需要去其他地方看看，以理解为什么种族和社会地位造成的健康不平等是如此突出的社会事实。

引用次数: 0

Structural Ableism, Health, and Functioning among People with Disabilities: An Extension of the Social Determinants of Health Framework 结构性残疾、健康和残疾人的功能：健康框架的社会决定因素的延伸

IF 5 1区医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Health and Social Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-10-19 DOI: 10.1177/00221465251379456

Robyn Lewis Brown

This study examined how structural ableism, conceptualized through the social determinants of health framework, impacts health outcomes among people with disabilities. Using multilevel regression analysis with data from the 2020 National Survey on Health and Disability (N = 2,175) paired with state-level indicators from the 2019 American Community Survey, it investigated associations between state-level disparities (in educational attainment, income, health insurance coverage, housing accessibility, and public transportation access) and self-rated health and functional limitation. Results demonstrated that structural ableism operates through distinct pathways for each health outcome. Income, health insurance, and transportation gaps by disability status at the state level significantly predicted self-rated health, and health insurance and housing gaps were the strongest predictors of functional limitation. The findings provide empirical evidence that state-level arrangements create systematic patterns of health advantage or disadvantage that transcend individual experiences, emphasizing the need to address structural barriers associated with disability.

本研究考察了通过健康的社会决定因素框架概念化的结构性残疾如何影响残疾人的健康结果。利用2020年全国健康与残疾调查（N = 2175）的数据与2019年美国社区调查的州级指标进行多层次回归分析，研究了州级差异（教育程度、收入、医疗保险覆盖范围、住房可及性和公共交通可及性）与自我评估的健康和功能限制之间的关系。结果表明，结构性残疾通过不同的途径对每种健康结果起作用。州一级残疾状况的收入、医疗保险和交通差距显著预测自评健康，医疗保险和住房差距是功能限制的最强预测因子。研究结果提供了经验证据，表明国家一级的安排创造了超越个人经验的健康优势或劣势的系统模式，强调需要解决与残疾有关的结构性障碍。

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引用次数: 0

State Policy Liberalism in Adolescence and Risk for Dementia from 2000 to 2016 among Older U.S. Adults 2000 - 2016年美国老年人青少年的国家政策自由主义与痴呆风险

IF 5 1区医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Health and Social Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-10-19 DOI: 10.1177/00221465251371065

Meghan Zacher, Samantha Brady, Susan E. Short

Although prior research identifies many social determinants of dementia, few studies look upstream toward dementia’s macrosocial correlates, and fewer still consider macrosocial conditions in early life. This study focuses on state policy contexts in adolescence and, specifically, on state policy liberalism, defined as the overarching conservative–liberal orientation of state policies. We link panel data from a nationally representative sample of 6,410 U.S. adults ages 65 to 80 in the 2000 wave of the Health and Retirement Study with longitudinal data on state policy liberalism extending back in time to when respondents were young. Discrete-time hazard models examine relationships between state policy liberalism and the development of dementia from 2000 to 2016. Results show that more liberal state policy contexts in adolescence are associated with lower dementia risk in older age. Policy contexts over the life course and especially in early life warrant further exploration as macrosocial determinants of dementia.

尽管先前的研究确定了痴呆症的许多社会决定因素，但很少有研究关注痴呆症的宏观社会相关性，更少的研究关注早期生活中的宏观社会条件。本研究侧重于青少年的国家政策背景，特别是国家政策自由主义，定义为国家政策的总体保守-自由主义取向。我们将2000年健康与退休研究浪潮中具有全国代表性的6410名65至80岁美国成年人的面板数据与回溯到受访者年轻时的州政策自由主义纵向数据联系起来。离散时间风险模型研究了2000年至2016年国家政策自由主义与痴呆症发展之间的关系。结果表明，青少年时期更宽松的国家政策背景与老年痴呆症风险较低有关。生命过程中的政策背景，特别是生命早期的政策背景，作为痴呆症的宏观社会决定因素，值得进一步探索。

引用次数: 0

Did Social Capital Protect Mental Health from Social Mixing Restrictions and Spatial Immobility during the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Longitudinal Analysis of Individual- and Contextual-Level Local Social Capital. 在COVID-19大流行期间，社会资本是否保护心理健康免受社会混合限制和空间静止？个体与情境层面的地方社会资本纵向分析。

IF 3.6 1区医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Health and Social Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-10-05 DOI: 10.1177/00221465251368341

James Laurence

This study investigates whether local social capital (neighbor networks and norms of trust/reciprocity) buffered the impact of mixing/mobility restrictions on psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. It draws on two nationally representative panel surveys: the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) Mainstage survey (n = 31,805 person-observations) and UKHLS COVID-19 survey (n = 22,933 person-observations), a subsample of the Mainstage survey respondents followed during the pandemic. Individual-level and (prepandemic/peripandemic) contextual-level local social capital indicators are tested. Longitudinal fixed-effects analyses indicate that distress increased with the onset of mixing restrictions, and peripandemic psychological distress increased more in areas experiencing greater spatial immobility (measured using Google spatial mobility data). However, increases in distress were significantly smaller among individuals reporting both higher individual and contextual social capital. Differences in social contact or neighborhood social support did not explain social capital's buffering role. Results suggest social capital be considered a key element of crisis preparedness.

本研究调查了当地社会资本（邻居网络和信任/互惠规范）是否缓冲了COVID-19大流行期间混合/流动限制对心理困扰的影响。它借鉴了两项具有全国代表性的小组调查：英国家庭纵向研究（UKHLS）主阶段调查（n = 31805人观察）和UKHLS COVID-19调查（n = 22933人观察），这是大流行期间主要阶段调查受访者的子样本。测试了个人层面和（大流行前/大流行期间）背景层面的当地社会资本指标。纵向固定效应分析表明，随着混合限制的出现，痛苦增加，在空间不流动性较大的地区，大流行期间的心理痛苦增加更多（使用谷歌空间流动性数据测量）。然而，在报告较高的个人和环境社会资本的个体中，痛苦的增加明显较小。社会接触或邻里社会支持的差异并不能解释社会资本的缓冲作用。结果表明，社会资本被认为是危机准备的关键因素。

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引用次数: 0

Whose American Dream? Examining the John Henryism Hypothesis for Psychological Distress among African American and Caribbean Black Women. 谁的美国梦？非裔美国人和加勒比黑人妇女心理困扰的约翰·亨利主义假说研究。

IF 3.6 1区医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Health and Social Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1177/00221465251362467

Millicent N Robinson, Courtney S Thomas Tobin

The John Henryism hypothesis (JHH) suggests high John Henryism may adversely affect the health of individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES). Although prevalent among Black Americans, its impact on Black women's mental health across ethnic subgroups remains understudied. Using National Survey of American Life data (2001-2003), a factor analysis and negative binomial regression examined John Henryism patterns and psychological distress among 1,209 African American and 371 Caribbean Black women. Distinct factor structures indicated the need for group-specific versions of John Henryism variables to capture its role within each population. The analysis found no direct link between John Henryism and distress for either group. However, after accounting for sociodemographic factors and stressors, high John Henryism was associated with lower distress among Caribbean Black women. Evidence supporting the JHH was found only among Caribbean Black women, where John Henryism was protective for those with low and moderate SES but unrelated to distress for high-SES individuals.

约翰·亨利主义假说认为，高约翰·亨利主义可能对社会经济地位低的个体的健康产生不利影响。尽管在美国黑人中普遍存在，但它对黑人女性心理健康的影响仍未得到充分研究。利用2001-2003年美国国家生活调查数据，对1209名非裔美国人和371名加勒比黑人妇女的约翰·亨利主义模式和心理困扰进行了因素分析和负二项回归分析。不同的因素结构表明需要特定于群体的John Henryism变量版本来捕捉其在每个群体中的作用。分析发现，约翰·亨利主义和两组人的痛苦之间没有直接联系。然而，在考虑了社会人口因素和压力因素之后，高约翰·亨利主义与加勒比黑人妇女较低的痛苦有关。支持JHH的证据只在加勒比黑人女性中被发现，约翰亨利主义对那些低和中等社会地位的人有保护作用，但对高社会地位的人来说，与痛苦无关。

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引用次数: 0

Emotional Rollercoaster: How Immigration Policy and Agency Shape Mental Health among Undocumented College Students. 情绪过山车：移民政策和机构如何塑造无证大学生的心理健康。

IF 5 1区医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Health and Social Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1177/00221465251362476

Martha Morales Hernandez

Exclusionary immigration laws and policies have been shown to produce adverse mental health outcomes. However, less work has traced the processes through which mental health experiences arise and how undocumented college students employ their agency to protect their mental health. Drawing on 66 in-depth interviews, I build on my interviewees' descriptions of mental health as a rollercoaster to illustrate how their stress process is shaped by immigration laws and students' agency. I find that ever-changing and unpredictable immigration laws and policies promote feelings of emotional distress. However, students utilize their agency to uplift themselves and support their psychological well-being. Yet despite their actions, emotional distress and psychological well-being coexist in students' everyday lives. Ultimately, I argue that students' agency supports their psychological well-being, but the immigration law and policy context they are embedded in limits their efforts and instead places them in a perilous emotional rollercoaster.

排外的移民法律和政策已被证明会产生不利的心理健康结果。然而，很少有研究追踪心理健康经历产生的过程，以及无证大学生如何利用他们的代理机构来保护他们的心理健康。根据66个深度访谈，我以受访者对心理健康的描述为基础，说明他们的压力过程是如何受到移民法和学生中介机构的影响的。我发现，不断变化和不可预测的移民法律和政策会加剧情绪困扰。然而，学生利用他们的代理来提升自己，支持他们的心理健康。然而，除了他们的行为，情感困扰和心理健康在学生的日常生活中并存。最后，我认为学生中介机构支持他们的心理健康，但他们所处的移民法律和政策环境限制了他们的努力，反而把他们置于危险的情绪过山车中。

引用次数: 0

Colorism and Health Inequities among Black Americans: A Biopsychosocial Perspective. 美国黑人的肤色歧视和健康不平等：生物心理社会视角。

IF 5 1区医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Health and Social Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1177/00221465251364373

Alexis C Dennis,Reed DeAngelis,Taylor W Hargrove,Jay A Pearson

The mechanisms generating skin-tone-based health inequities among ethnic Black Americans remain poorly understood. To address this gap, our study advances a novel biopsychosocial model of embodied colorism-related distress. We test this model with survey and biomarker data from a community sample of working-age Black adults from Nashville, Tennessee (2011-2014; N = 627). Relying on self-rated, interviewer-rated, and discordant skin tone measures, our analyses reveal that Black adults who perceive themselves as dark-skinned tend to have a lower sense of mattering and shorter telomeres, a biomarker of accelerated cellular degradation and aging, relative to their peers who perceive their skin to be lighter. These patterns hold across various social contexts and regardless of interviewer-rated skin tone, indicating that subjective skin tone may be a particularly robust gauge of colorism-related stress processes. Our study reveals critical and previously unexplored biopsychosocial mechanisms linking colorism to health inequity.

在美国黑人种族中产生基于肤色的健康不平等的机制仍然知之甚少。为了解决这一差距，我们的研究提出了一种新的生物心理社会模型。我们使用来自田纳西州纳什维尔（2011-2014;N = 627）的工作年龄黑人社区样本的调查和生物标志物数据来检验该模型。根据自评、采访者评和不一致的肤色测量，我们的分析显示，与那些认为自己肤色较浅的同龄人相比，认为自己肤色较深的黑人成年人的重要性更低，端粒更短，端粒是加速细胞降解和衰老的生物标志物。这些模式适用于各种社会背景，与面试官对肤色的评价无关，这表明主观肤色可能是与肤色相关的压力过程的一个特别有力的衡量标准。我们的研究揭示了将肤色歧视与健康不平等联系起来的关键和以前未被探索的生物心理社会机制。

引用次数: 0

Emotional Fortification: Pediatricians as a Core Resource for Managing Parental Stress and Anxiety. 情感强化：儿科医生作为管理父母压力和焦虑的核心资源。

IF 5 1区医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Health and Social Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1177/00221465251364374

Amanda M Gengler

"Consult your child's pediatrician for guidance"-this is a refrain parents hear repeatedly. Drawing on 43 interviews with 11 pediatricians and 32 parents of minor children, I find that many parents turn to pediatric providers to help them resolve a wide range of everyday anxieties related to childrearing. Many pediatricians, in turn, view providing substantial emotional support to parents as a central component of their jobs. I conceptualize this dynamic as a process of "emotional fortification." In working to emotionally fortify parents, pediatricians strive to foster a sense of calm and boost parental confidence. Through these interactions, parents can accumulate valuable emotional resources, including reduced stress and increased feelings of efficacy. Not all parents are equally positioned to reap these advantages, however. Here, I examine how emotional fortification, an undertheorized outcome of emotional labor, is sought and provided during pediatric health care encounters while considering how inequalities shape this process.

“向你孩子的儿科医生咨询指导”——这是父母们反复听到的一句话。通过对11名儿科医生和32名未成年子女父母的43次采访，我发现许多父母求助于儿科医生，以帮助他们解决与抚养孩子有关的各种日常焦虑。反过来，许多儿科医生认为，为父母提供实质性的情感支持是他们工作的核心组成部分。我将这种动态概念化为“情感强化”的过程。在情感上加强父母的工作中，儿科医生努力培养一种平静的感觉，增强父母的信心。通过这些互动，父母可以积累宝贵的情感资源，包括减少压力和增加效能感。然而，并不是所有的父母都能获得这些优势。在这里，我研究了情绪强化，情绪劳动的一个未被理论化的结果，是如何在儿科医疗保健遭遇中寻求和提供的，同时考虑了不平等如何塑造这一过程。

引用次数: 0

Multigenerational Coresidence and Psychological Distress during Adolescence and Young Adulthood: An Exploration among White, Black, and Hispanic Individuals. 青少年和青年时期的多代同居和心理困扰：白人、黑人和西班牙裔个体的探索。

IF 5 1区医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Health and Social Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1177/00221465251362474

Zhe Meredith Zhang,Qi Li,Cynthia Colen,Rin Reczek

Childhood family structures are crucial for long-term health and well-being. However, the effects of an increasingly common family structure-multigenerational households comprising a child, parent(s), and grandparent(s)-remained underexplored. Using panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and its young adult sample (N = 8,230), we examine trajectories of psychological distress among White, Black, and Hispanic adolescents and young adults across three dimensions of early life multigenerational coresidence: presence, duration, and onset. We find that Hispanic children who lived in multigenerational households, especially those beginning coresidence before age 1, reported steeper declines in distress and improved mental health over time. By contrast, multigenerational coresidence was consistently associated with higher distress levels among White adolescents and young adults. We do not find evidence of an association between multigenerational coresidence and Black children's mental health trajectories. These findings highlight potential racial patterns and add to our understanding of racial disparities in health.

童年家庭结构对长期健康和福祉至关重要。然而，越来越普遍的家庭结构——由孩子、父母和祖父母组成的多代家庭——的影响仍未得到充分探讨。利用1979年全国青年纵向调查的面板数据及其年轻成人样本（N = 8230），我们从早期多代共同生活的三个维度（存在、持续时间和发病）研究了白人、黑人和西班牙裔青少年和年轻人的心理困扰轨迹。我们发现，生活在多代同堂家庭中的西班牙裔儿童，尤其是那些在1岁之前开始同居的儿童，随着时间的推移，他们的痛苦程度下降得更快，心理健康状况也有所改善。相比之下，在白人青少年和年轻人中，多代同堂一直与更高的痛苦水平相关。我们没有发现多代同住与黑人儿童心理健康轨迹之间存在关联的证据。这些发现突出了潜在的种族模式，并增加了我们对健康方面种族差异的理解。

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No Socioeconomic Inequalities in Mortality among Catholic Monks: A Quasi-Experiment Providing Evidence for the Fundamental Cause Theory. 天主教僧侣的死亡率不存在社会经济不平等：为 "根本原因理论 "提供证据的准实验。

IF 3.6 1区医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL

Journal of Health and Social Behavior

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1177/00221465241291847

Alina Schmitz, Patrick Lazarevič, Marc Luy

We propose a novel approach to test the fundamental cause theory (FCT) by analyzing the association between socioeconomic status (SES), as measured by the order titles "brothers" and "padres," and mortality in 2,421 German Catholic monks born between 1840 and 1959. This quasi-experiment allows us to study the effect of SES on mortality in a population with largely standardized living conditions. Mortality analyses based on Kaplan-Meier product limit estimation show that there were no statistically significant survival differences between the high and lower SES monks. This holds for all birth cohorts, indicating that monastic life offers health protection for monks with a lower SES regardless the disease patterns, causes of death, or main risk factors in a given period. These findings support the FCT: Whereas SES-related differences in mortality are a widely confirmed finding in the general population, a context with largely standardized conditions eliminates the importance of SES-related resources.

我们提出了一种检验根本原因理论（FCT）的新方法，即分析社会经济地位（SES）（以 "兄弟 "和 "父亲 "的修道士头衔来衡量）与 1840 年至 1959 年间出生的 2421 名德国天主教修道士的死亡率之间的关系。通过这一准实验，我们可以在生活条件基本标准化的人群中研究社会经济地位对死亡率的影响。基于 Kaplan-Meier 乘积极限估计法的死亡率分析表明，在统计意义上，社会经济地位高的僧侣和社会经济地位低的僧侣之间没有显著的生存差异。这一点适用于所有出生组群，表明无论疾病模式、死亡原因或特定时期的主要风险因素如何，寺院生活都能为社会经济地位较低的僧侣提供健康保护。这些发现支持了 "僧侣生活 "理论：与社会经济地位相关的死亡率差异在普通人群中已被广泛证实，而在基本标准化的条件下，与社会经济地位相关的资源的重要性就不复存在了。

引用次数: 0

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