Pub Date : 2020-01-08DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x19001855
Myra Hamilton, Bridget Suthersan
In recent years there has been increasing policy focus on keeping mature-age people engaged in the labour market. At the same time, grandparents play an important role as regular child-care providers for many families. Yet, little research has explored how grandparents negotiate these dual, often competing demands of paid employment and intergenerational care. Drawing on focus groups with 23 grandparents and an online survey of 209 grandparents providing regular child care for their grandchildren in Australia, this paper addresses this gap in the literature by examining how Australian grandparents experience and negotiate competing responsibilities as older workers and intergenerational care providers. The paper draws on the concept of gendered moral rationalities to examine the way in which grandparents’ decisions about participation in paid work are deeply embedded in idealised forms of parenting and grandparenting that are highly gendered. The paper suggests that, as the rate of both maternal and mature-age participation in the paid labour market continues to rise, inadequate attention is being paid to how time spent undertaking unpaid care is compressed, reorganised and redistributed across genders and generations as a result.
{"title":"Gendered moral rationalities in later life: grandparents balancing paid work and care of grandchildren in Australia","authors":"Myra Hamilton, Bridget Suthersan","doi":"10.1017/s0144686x19001855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x19001855","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years there has been increasing policy focus on keeping mature-age people engaged in the labour market. At the same time, grandparents play an important role as regular child-care providers for many families. Yet, little research has explored how grandparents negotiate these dual, often competing demands of paid employment and intergenerational care. Drawing on focus groups with 23 grandparents and an online survey of 209 grandparents providing regular child care for their grandchildren in Australia, this paper addresses this gap in the literature by examining how Australian grandparents experience and negotiate competing responsibilities as older workers and intergenerational care providers. The paper draws on the concept of gendered moral rationalities to examine the way in which grandparents’ decisions about participation in paid work are deeply embedded in idealised forms of parenting and grandparenting that are highly gendered. The paper suggests that, as the rate of both maternal and mature-age participation in the paid labour market continues to rise, inadequate attention is being paid to how time spent undertaking unpaid care is compressed, reorganised and redistributed across genders and generations as a result.","PeriodicalId":51364,"journal":{"name":"Ageing & Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0144686x19001855","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45412421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-07DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x19001818
Georgina Johnstone, Marissa Dickins, J. Lowthian, Emma Renehan, J. Enticott, D. Mortimer, R. Ogrin
The global population is ageing and the likelihood of living alone increases with age. Services are necessary to help older people living alone to optimise health and wellbeing. This systematic review aimed to summarise the effectiveness and accessibility of interventions to improve the health and wellbeing of older people living alone. Relevant electronic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Scopus) were searched for all years up to August 2018. Studies were included if they involved older people (aged 3/455 years) living alone, and an intervention with measured health and wellbeing outcomes. All study types were included. The Theory of Access was used to assess interventions across dimensions of accessibility, availability, acceptability, affordability, adequacy and awareness. Twenty-eight studies met the eligibility criteria; 17 studies focused on ageing safely in place and 11 on psychological and social wellbeing. Studies comprised quantitative (N = 19), qualitative (N = 4) and mixed-methods (N = 5) approaches. Dimensions from the Theory of Access were poorly addressed in the studies, particularly those of higher-quality methodology. Studies were heterogeneous, preliminary in scope and lacked consistent study design, methodology or measurement. Services that do not address user accessibility in design or evaluation may be limited in their uptake and impact. It is recommended that dimensions of access and co-creation principles be integrated into service design processes and be evaluated alongside clinical effectiveness.
{"title":"Interventions to improve the health and wellbeing of older people living alone: a mixed-methods systematic review of effectiveness and accessibility","authors":"Georgina Johnstone, Marissa Dickins, J. Lowthian, Emma Renehan, J. Enticott, D. Mortimer, R. Ogrin","doi":"10.1017/s0144686x19001818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x19001818","url":null,"abstract":"The global population is ageing and the likelihood of living alone increases with age. Services are necessary to help older people living alone to optimise health and wellbeing. This systematic review aimed to summarise the effectiveness and accessibility of interventions to improve the health and wellbeing of older people living alone. Relevant electronic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Scopus) were searched for all years up to August 2018. Studies were included if they involved older people (aged 3/455 years) living alone, and an intervention with measured health and wellbeing outcomes. All study types were included. The Theory of Access was used to assess interventions across dimensions of accessibility, availability, acceptability, affordability, adequacy and awareness. Twenty-eight studies met the eligibility criteria; 17 studies focused on ageing safely in place and 11 on psychological and social wellbeing. Studies comprised quantitative (N = 19), qualitative (N = 4) and mixed-methods (N = 5) approaches. Dimensions from the Theory of Access were poorly addressed in the studies, particularly those of higher-quality methodology. Studies were heterogeneous, preliminary in scope and lacked consistent study design, methodology or measurement. Services that do not address user accessibility in design or evaluation may be limited in their uptake and impact. It is recommended that dimensions of access and co-creation principles be integrated into service design processes and be evaluated alongside clinical effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":51364,"journal":{"name":"Ageing & Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0144686x19001818","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48025593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-09DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x19001740
Wentian Lu, H. Pikhart, A. Sacker
Healthy ageing has become a popular topic worldwide. So far, a consensus measure of healthy ageing has not been reached; and no studies have compared the magnitude of socio-economic inequality in healthy ageing outside Europe. This study aims to create a universal measure of healthy ageing and compare socio-economic inequalities in healthy ageing in the United States of America (USA), England, China and Japan. We included 10,305 American, 6,590 English, 5,930 Chinese and 1,935 Japanese participants for longitudinal analysis. A harmonised healthy ageing index (HAI) was developed to measure healthy ageing multi-dimensionally. Educational, income and wealth rank scores were derived accounting for the entire socio-economic distribution and the sample size of each category of socio-economic indicator. Associations between socio-economic rank scores and HAIs were assessed using multi-level modelling to calculate the Slope Indices of Inequality. Healthy ageing trajectories were predicted based on the full-adjusted age-cohort models. We found that education was a universally influential socio-economic predictor of healthy ageing. Moving from the highest to the lowest educational groups was associated with a 6.7 (5.2–8.2), 8.2 (6.0–10.4), 13.9 (11.4–16.3) and 6.1 per cent (3.9–8.2%) decrease in average HAI at 60 years in the USA, England, China and Japan, respectively. After 60 years, the educational inequality in healthy ageing kept increasing in the USA and China. The educational inequality in healthy ageing in China was also greater than any other socio-economic inequality in the four countries. Wealth was more influential in predicting healthy ageing inequality among American, English and Japanese participants, while income was more influential among Chinese participants. The socio-economic inequality in healthy ageing in Japan was relatively small. Chinese and American participants had worse healthy ageing profiles than Japanese and English participants.
{"title":"Comparing socio-economic inequalities in healthy ageing in the United States of America, England, China and Japan: evidence from four longitudinal studies of ageing","authors":"Wentian Lu, H. Pikhart, A. Sacker","doi":"10.1017/s0144686x19001740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x19001740","url":null,"abstract":"Healthy ageing has become a popular topic worldwide. So far, a consensus measure of healthy ageing has not been reached; and no studies have compared the magnitude of socio-economic inequality in healthy ageing outside Europe. This study aims to create a universal measure of healthy ageing and compare socio-economic inequalities in healthy ageing in the United States of America (USA), England, China and Japan. We included 10,305 American, 6,590 English, 5,930 Chinese and 1,935 Japanese participants for longitudinal analysis. A harmonised healthy ageing index (HAI) was developed to measure healthy ageing multi-dimensionally. Educational, income and wealth rank scores were derived accounting for the entire socio-economic distribution and the sample size of each category of socio-economic indicator. Associations between socio-economic rank scores and HAIs were assessed using multi-level modelling to calculate the Slope Indices of Inequality. Healthy ageing trajectories were predicted based on the full-adjusted age-cohort models. We found that education was a universally influential socio-economic predictor of healthy ageing. Moving from the highest to the lowest educational groups was associated with a 6.7 (5.2–8.2), 8.2 (6.0–10.4), 13.9 (11.4–16.3) and 6.1 per cent (3.9–8.2%) decrease in average HAI at 60 years in the USA, England, China and Japan, respectively. After 60 years, the educational inequality in healthy ageing kept increasing in the USA and China. The educational inequality in healthy ageing in China was also greater than any other socio-economic inequality in the four countries. Wealth was more influential in predicting healthy ageing inequality among American, English and Japanese participants, while income was more influential among Chinese participants. The socio-economic inequality in healthy ageing in Japan was relatively small. Chinese and American participants had worse healthy ageing profiles than Japanese and English participants.","PeriodicalId":51364,"journal":{"name":"Ageing & Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0144686x19001740","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42628264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-04DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x19001739
E. Holston, B. Callen
Centenarians worldwide are growing rapidly and thriving as they age. This growth reflects their desire to thrive beyond personal and societal obstacles, a hallmark sign of resilience. However, little research exists on centenarians’ perspectives about their lived experiences that reflect resilience. Therefore, the purpose of this secondary analysis was to capture the perspectives of Appalachian centenarians about (a) living through their childhood and early adulthood in an area known for poverty and isolation, and (b) exploring the resilient nature that emerged from their narratives. With a qualitative descriptive design, 21 community-dwelling Appalachian centenarians participated in face-to-face interviews. They resided in either their homes or assisted-living facilities. Transcripts were analysed with Neuendorf's method of content analysis. Within three themes, 11 sub-themes were identified: (a) working hard for the family, (b) loss of a loved one, (c) gender and race discrimination, (d) impact of isolation on health, (e) living a simple life, (f) using family/community support, (g) consuming and appreciating food from their farms, (h) spirituality, (i) generosity of spirit, (j) living a clean life, and (k) happy, good and loving life. Collectively, these themes and sub-themes reflected how the centenarians overcame and grew from challenges and adversities to become resilient. Consequently, these findings show that understanding resilience from centenarians’ perspectives can significantly contribute to the potential for longevity.
{"title":"Understanding resilience from the perspective of Appalachian centenarians","authors":"E. Holston, B. Callen","doi":"10.1017/s0144686x19001739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x19001739","url":null,"abstract":"Centenarians worldwide are growing rapidly and thriving as they age. This growth reflects their desire to thrive beyond personal and societal obstacles, a hallmark sign of resilience. However, little research exists on centenarians’ perspectives about their lived experiences that reflect resilience. Therefore, the purpose of this secondary analysis was to capture the perspectives of Appalachian centenarians about (a) living through their childhood and early adulthood in an area known for poverty and isolation, and (b) exploring the resilient nature that emerged from their narratives. With a qualitative descriptive design, 21 community-dwelling Appalachian centenarians participated in face-to-face interviews. They resided in either their homes or assisted-living facilities. Transcripts were analysed with Neuendorf's method of content analysis. Within three themes, 11 sub-themes were identified: (a) working hard for the family, (b) loss of a loved one, (c) gender and race discrimination, (d) impact of isolation on health, (e) living a simple life, (f) using family/community support, (g) consuming and appreciating food from their farms, (h) spirituality, (i) generosity of spirit, (j) living a clean life, and (k) happy, good and loving life. Collectively, these themes and sub-themes reflected how the centenarians overcame and grew from challenges and adversities to become resilient. Consequently, these findings show that understanding resilience from centenarians’ perspectives can significantly contribute to the potential for longevity.","PeriodicalId":51364,"journal":{"name":"Ageing & Society","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0144686x19001739","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42307659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-02DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x19001661
Yalu Zhang, Q. Gao
Older adults have more health-care needs and higher financial burdens but fewer income resources compared to other age groups in China. Meanwhile, substantial inequalities exist between rural and urban older adults in terms of welfare benefits level, access to health care, quality of care and financial resources to pay for health-care services. Using 2011–2013 panel data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and a difference-in-differences methodology, this study examined the association between the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and health-related quality of life among older adults in China. To distinguish the dynamic of CHE and generate rigorous estimates, we categorised the older adults into four groups: CHE entry group, non-CHE group, CHE exit group and CHE persistent group. Overall, we found that entry into CHE was associated with poorer physical and mental health for both rural and urban older adults, but this association was more consistent and robust for physical than for mental health. Exiting CHE was found to have a weak and sporadic positive association with physical and mental health across rural and urban areas. The results suggest that financial resources and social services are needed in China to support older adults who experience CHE persistently or periodically to help improve their health outcomes.
{"title":"Catastrophic health expenditure and health-related quality of life among older adults in China","authors":"Yalu Zhang, Q. Gao","doi":"10.1017/s0144686x19001661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x19001661","url":null,"abstract":"Older adults have more health-care needs and higher financial burdens but fewer income resources compared to other age groups in China. Meanwhile, substantial inequalities exist between rural and urban older adults in terms of welfare benefits level, access to health care, quality of care and financial resources to pay for health-care services. Using 2011–2013 panel data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and a difference-in-differences methodology, this study examined the association between the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and health-related quality of life among older adults in China. To distinguish the dynamic of CHE and generate rigorous estimates, we categorised the older adults into four groups: CHE entry group, non-CHE group, CHE exit group and CHE persistent group. Overall, we found that entry into CHE was associated with poorer physical and mental health for both rural and urban older adults, but this association was more consistent and robust for physical than for mental health. Exiting CHE was found to have a weak and sporadic positive association with physical and mental health across rural and urban areas. The results suggest that financial resources and social services are needed in China to support older adults who experience CHE persistently or periodically to help improve their health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":51364,"journal":{"name":"Ageing & Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0144686x19001661","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42128001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X18000156
Barbara Mikołajczyk
Over the next 30 years, the number of people aged over 65 will exceed the number of children worldwide. Moreover, people at extreme old age will constitute a significant group of older adults. Undoubtedly, global ageing appears as a great challenge to the whole international community in relation to the protection of rights of older persons, including their right to health. The last one is recognised on international forums as one of the most current and complex issues. Therefore, in this paper, I discuss how the right of older adults to health is protected by international norms, and identify trends and perspectives for implementing this right effectively. Examining the degree of protection, I analyse existing international instruments and their interpretation provided by international bodies. I consider that the new international developments should fill in the existing loophole in international law and oblige States to focus on elimination of ageism, age discrimination in access to health care and various barriers to enjoying the right to health by older persons.
{"title":"Older persons’ right to health – a challenge to international law","authors":"Barbara Mikołajczyk","doi":"10.1017/S0144686X18000156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X18000156","url":null,"abstract":"Over the next 30 years, the number of people aged over 65 will exceed the number of children worldwide. Moreover, people at extreme old age will constitute a significant group of older adults. Undoubtedly, global ageing appears as a great challenge to the whole international community in relation to the protection of rights of older persons, including their right to health. The last one is recognised on international forums as one of the most current and complex issues. Therefore, in this paper, I discuss how the right of older adults to health is protected by international norms, and identify trends and perspectives for implementing this right effectively. Examining the degree of protection, I analyse existing international instruments and their interpretation provided by international bodies. I consider that the new international developments should fill in the existing loophole in international law and oblige States to focus on elimination of ageism, age discrimination in access to health care and various barriers to enjoying the right to health by older persons.","PeriodicalId":51364,"journal":{"name":"Ageing & Society","volume":"39 1","pages":"1611-1638"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0144686X18000156","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48577742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-04DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x18001046
Caroline Emmer DE ALBUQUERQUE GREEN
making such a statement. Nussbaum’s essays appear to be more informed than Levmore’s; however, they still suffer from a lack of a grounded understanding of ageing. A brief read-through of some of Laura Carstensen’s research, for instance, might have shed some light on meaningful ageing. Levmore’s essays were more problematic; and a basic look at, for example, the critical work of Christopher Philipson and/or Debora Price might have shifted Levmore’s reliance on his ‘intuition’ (a word he used repeatedly) and grounded his work in informed self-knowledge. That said, some of the essays where Nussbaum employs a philosophical basis for understanding are fascinating. Her essays on age and friendship, and her human capabilities approach are thought provoking. The ‘aging and human capabilities’ list (p. ) is a social justice map that addresses inequalities within an ageing demographic. Nussbaum’s discussion of altruism is engaging but does suffer from a brief and somewhat confusing section where she discusses death and fear. She conflates fear of death on the battlefield with mortality and ageing. Again, an informed view of some of the more recent work on death (Tony Walter, the Death Cafes or my own writing) would have been useful. Levmore’s suggestions for strengthening the American social security system are equally important. The restructuring, he suggests, would go some way in redressing the economic inequity many ageing people currently experience within American society. It is here where the authors really shine. As a reader, I had hoped to find such cogent arguments and information in each section of the book. That said, there are arresting nuggets throughout the book – the critique of de Beauvoir, calls for humility and humour when it comes to one’s outlook on ageing, questions about the orthodoxy of dividing inheritance equally and their interesting take on ageing romance are examples of areas that the authors touched on that caught my attention. Though the authors write in a readable, accessible style that will speak well to a general audience, Nussbaum and Levmore repeat the sad and, frankly, depressing narrative of age as somehow a time of unremitting loss or a ‘second childhood’. Unfortunately, Aging Thoughtfully is not a book that provides a rich and wide-ranging narrative as a starting point for informed meaningful conversations.
{"title":"Suzanne Cahill, Dementia and Human Rights, Policy Press, Bristol UK, 2018, 238 pp., pbk £24.29, ISBN 13: 978-1-4473-3140-7.","authors":"Caroline Emmer DE ALBUQUERQUE GREEN","doi":"10.1017/s0144686x18001046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x18001046","url":null,"abstract":"making such a statement. Nussbaum’s essays appear to be more informed than Levmore’s; however, they still suffer from a lack of a grounded understanding of ageing. A brief read-through of some of Laura Carstensen’s research, for instance, might have shed some light on meaningful ageing. Levmore’s essays were more problematic; and a basic look at, for example, the critical work of Christopher Philipson and/or Debora Price might have shifted Levmore’s reliance on his ‘intuition’ (a word he used repeatedly) and grounded his work in informed self-knowledge. That said, some of the essays where Nussbaum employs a philosophical basis for understanding are fascinating. Her essays on age and friendship, and her human capabilities approach are thought provoking. The ‘aging and human capabilities’ list (p. ) is a social justice map that addresses inequalities within an ageing demographic. Nussbaum’s discussion of altruism is engaging but does suffer from a brief and somewhat confusing section where she discusses death and fear. She conflates fear of death on the battlefield with mortality and ageing. Again, an informed view of some of the more recent work on death (Tony Walter, the Death Cafes or my own writing) would have been useful. Levmore’s suggestions for strengthening the American social security system are equally important. The restructuring, he suggests, would go some way in redressing the economic inequity many ageing people currently experience within American society. It is here where the authors really shine. As a reader, I had hoped to find such cogent arguments and information in each section of the book. That said, there are arresting nuggets throughout the book – the critique of de Beauvoir, calls for humility and humour when it comes to one’s outlook on ageing, questions about the orthodoxy of dividing inheritance equally and their interesting take on ageing romance are examples of areas that the authors touched on that caught my attention. Though the authors write in a readable, accessible style that will speak well to a general audience, Nussbaum and Levmore repeat the sad and, frankly, depressing narrative of age as somehow a time of unremitting loss or a ‘second childhood’. Unfortunately, Aging Thoughtfully is not a book that provides a rich and wide-ranging narrative as a starting point for informed meaningful conversations.","PeriodicalId":51364,"journal":{"name":"Ageing & Society","volume":"38 1","pages":"2397 - 2399"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0144686x18001046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56841767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-24DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X18001241
José Manuel Sousa de São José
Abstract This article examines how care encounters at the elders’ homes are forged, and how the way these encounters are forged avoids or evokes the social imaginary of the fourth age. Data were gathered in Portugal from elders receiving home care (16 cases), their care workers (eight cases) and family carers (six cases), through participant observation and informal conversations (conducted at the elders’ homes), as well as focus groups. The collected data were analysed according to the procedures of Framework Analysis. This study found five forms of care encounters – marked by conflict, infantilisation, burden, harmony and indifference – the harmony form being the only one found to maintain the fourth age at a distance. It concludes that home care has a Janus-like nature in relation to the fourth age, and that the way home care encounters are forged depends on the conditions of the care settings and the actions of all participants in care encounters. It also concludes that it is difficult to maintain the social imaginary of the fourth age at a distance when the elders exhibit high levels of infirmity. Finally, it concludes that family carers play a crucial role in the way care encounters unfold. Implications for practice and policy include vocational training regarding the relational component of care, and information and educational programmes for family carers.
{"title":"Care and the shadow of the fourth age: how does home care get caught up in it and how does it stay away from it?","authors":"José Manuel Sousa de São José","doi":"10.1017/S0144686X18001241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X18001241","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines how care encounters at the elders’ homes are forged, and how the way these encounters are forged avoids or evokes the social imaginary of the fourth age. Data were gathered in Portugal from elders receiving home care (16 cases), their care workers (eight cases) and family carers (six cases), through participant observation and informal conversations (conducted at the elders’ homes), as well as focus groups. The collected data were analysed according to the procedures of Framework Analysis. This study found five forms of care encounters – marked by conflict, infantilisation, burden, harmony and indifference – the harmony form being the only one found to maintain the fourth age at a distance. It concludes that home care has a Janus-like nature in relation to the fourth age, and that the way home care encounters are forged depends on the conditions of the care settings and the actions of all participants in care encounters. It also concludes that it is difficult to maintain the social imaginary of the fourth age at a distance when the elders exhibit high levels of infirmity. Finally, it concludes that family carers play a crucial role in the way care encounters unfold. Implications for practice and policy include vocational training regarding the relational component of care, and information and educational programmes for family carers.","PeriodicalId":51364,"journal":{"name":"Ageing & Society","volume":"40 1","pages":"643 - 662"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0144686X18001241","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56841929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-05DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X18001149
J. Wels
Abstract For about 20 years, Belgium has successfully implemented working-time reduction policies for the older workforce. However, the impact of such policies on health has not been explored yet. Using longitudinal data from Waves 5 and 6 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) (N = 1,498), the paper assesses whether working-time reduction in late career is associated with a change in self-perceived health, depression (EURO-D) and quality of life (CASP-12). For that purpose, ordered logit and ordinary least squares regressions are performed, using four different models for defining working-time reductions. Results show that people reducing working time with or without additional social benefits tend to have a poorer self-perceived health at follow-up compared with people keeping the same or increasing working time. By comparison, people moving to retirement are more likely to present a better self-perceived health, depression level and quality of life compared to people increasing or keeping the same working-time level. Although, introducing an interaction effect, the paper shows that the change in quality of life for respondents reducing working hours in addition to social benefits tends to be less negative for those who wished to retire early at baseline than for those who did not.
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Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X17000745).
R. Shaw, H. Gwyther, Carol Holland, Maria Bujnowska, D. Kurpas, A. Cano, M. Marcucci, S. Riva, B. D'avanzo
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