Pub Date : 2021-11-11DOI: 10.3368/le.98.2.090220-0139r
Manhong Li, Wei Zhang, Zhe Guo, P. Bhandary
This article examines the effect of remittance income on deforestation in Nepal during 2001–2010 using satellite-based land use data and a nationwide household survey. Results indicate that remittance income reduced deforestation by 4.2 percentage points, accounting for almost 12% of deforestation during this time. An additional 1,000 Nepalese rupee increase in average household annual remittance income reduced the ward-level deforestation by an approximate 0.435 percentage point. There is no evidence that remittances induced expansion of agricultural land or stimulated demand for forest products. Instead, remittances contributed to the shift of households’ demand for timber and fuelwood toward nonwood alternatives for housing construction and cooking.
{"title":"Deforestation and Smallholder Income: Evidence from Remittances to Nepal","authors":"Manhong Li, Wei Zhang, Zhe Guo, P. Bhandary","doi":"10.3368/le.98.2.090220-0139r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/le.98.2.090220-0139r","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the effect of remittance income on deforestation in Nepal during 2001–2010 using satellite-based land use data and a nationwide household survey. Results indicate that remittance income reduced deforestation by 4.2 percentage points, accounting for almost 12% of deforestation during this time. An additional 1,000 Nepalese rupee increase in average household annual remittance income reduced the ward-level deforestation by an approximate 0.435 percentage point. There is no evidence that remittances induced expansion of agricultural land or stimulated demand for forest products. Instead, remittances contributed to the shift of households’ demand for timber and fuelwood toward nonwood alternatives for housing construction and cooking.","PeriodicalId":51378,"journal":{"name":"Land Economics","volume":"98 1","pages":"376 - 398"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46880915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-11DOI: 10.3368/le.98.2.111319-0162r1
Qin Fan, Laura A. Bakkensen
We employ a structural model of location choice to estimate household sorting across the United States in response to hurricane risk. Using spatially detailed projections of future hurricane energy, we simulate regional population shifts and welfare effects of hurricane risk–induced migration in 2100. We find heterogeneous responses to hurricane risk for households that vary by number of children, age, educational attainment, and prior exposure to hurricane risk. Under future hurricane risk, although changes are small, we find declines in regional population shares along the hurricane-prone coasts and negative overall welfare effect. However, ignoring the spatial heterogeneity of hurricanes underestimates these effects.
{"title":"Household Sorting as Adaptation to Hurricane Risk in the United States","authors":"Qin Fan, Laura A. Bakkensen","doi":"10.3368/le.98.2.111319-0162r1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/le.98.2.111319-0162r1","url":null,"abstract":"We employ a structural model of location choice to estimate household sorting across the United States in response to hurricane risk. Using spatially detailed projections of future hurricane energy, we simulate regional population shifts and welfare effects of hurricane risk–induced migration in 2100. We find heterogeneous responses to hurricane risk for households that vary by number of children, age, educational attainment, and prior exposure to hurricane risk. Under future hurricane risk, although changes are small, we find declines in regional population shares along the hurricane-prone coasts and negative overall welfare effect. However, ignoring the spatial heterogeneity of hurricanes underestimates these effects.","PeriodicalId":51378,"journal":{"name":"Land Economics","volume":"98 1","pages":"219 - 238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45005310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-11DOI: 10.3368/le.98.2.051920-0067r1
M. Faccioli, K. Glenk
This study addresses an important gap in the stated preference literature concerning valence-based framing of discrete choice experiment attributes. Valence-based framing arises when equivalent outcomes are presented in different ways by accentuating either the positive (e.g., more in good condition) or negative information (e.g., less in bad condition). We find that alternative framings produce different willingness-to-pay estimates, with implications for benefit-cost analysis. We recommend neutral attribute descriptions and otherwise testing for the effects of alternative framings to obtain more robust welfare evidence. We also show that the framing used does not affect the choice paradigm adopted by respondents.
{"title":"More in Good Condition or Less in Bad Condition? Valence-Based Framing Effects in Environmental Valuation","authors":"M. Faccioli, K. Glenk","doi":"10.3368/le.98.2.051920-0067r1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/le.98.2.051920-0067r1","url":null,"abstract":"This study addresses an important gap in the stated preference literature concerning valence-based framing of discrete choice experiment attributes. Valence-based framing arises when equivalent outcomes are presented in different ways by accentuating either the positive (e.g., more in good condition) or negative information (e.g., less in bad condition). We find that alternative framings produce different willingness-to-pay estimates, with implications for benefit-cost analysis. We recommend neutral attribute descriptions and otherwise testing for the effects of alternative framings to obtain more robust welfare evidence. We also show that the framing used does not affect the choice paradigm adopted by respondents.","PeriodicalId":51378,"journal":{"name":"Land Economics","volume":"98 1","pages":"314 - 336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47998980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-11DOI: 10.3368/le.98.2.090319-0127r1
Annika Tienhaara, Heini Ahtiainen, E. Pouta, Mikołaj Czajkowski
This article examines the effects of information on stated preferences for an unfamiliar environmental good: agricultural genetic resources. We define two groups of respondents based on their use of additional information, and we model information use and its effect on individual preferences and scale. Our findings indicate that sociodemographic and attitudinal variables affect the use of information. We observe individual preference heterogeneity but no significant differences in scale between the information groups. The results highlight the importance of genetic resource conservation and controlling for the effects of information use in choice experiment models for unfamiliar goods.
{"title":"Information Use and Its Effects on the Valuation of Agricultural Genetic Resources","authors":"Annika Tienhaara, Heini Ahtiainen, E. Pouta, Mikołaj Czajkowski","doi":"10.3368/le.98.2.090319-0127r1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/le.98.2.090319-0127r1","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the effects of information on stated preferences for an unfamiliar environmental good: agricultural genetic resources. We define two groups of respondents based on their use of additional information, and we model information use and its effect on individual preferences and scale. Our findings indicate that sociodemographic and attitudinal variables affect the use of information. We observe individual preference heterogeneity but no significant differences in scale between the information groups. The results highlight the importance of genetic resource conservation and controlling for the effects of information use in choice experiment models for unfamiliar goods.","PeriodicalId":51378,"journal":{"name":"Land Economics","volume":"98 1","pages":"337 - 354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43421899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-11DOI: 10.3368/le.98.2.122019-0175r1
Christine Bertram, Jan Goebel, Christian Krekel, K. Rehdanz
We study how land use fragmentation affects the life satisfaction of city dwellers. To this end, we calculate fragmentation metrics based on exact geographical coordinates of land use from the European Urban Atlas and of households from the German Socio-Economic Panel. Using ordinary least squares and fixed effects specifications, we find little effect on life satisfaction when aggregating over land use types. When looking at particular types, however, we find that life satisfaction is positively affected by lower average degrees of soil sealing, larger shares of vegetation, and more heterogeneous configurations of medium- and low-density urban fabric, especially in areas with higher population density.
{"title":"Urban Land Use Fragmentation and Human Well-Being","authors":"Christine Bertram, Jan Goebel, Christian Krekel, K. Rehdanz","doi":"10.3368/le.98.2.122019-0175r1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/le.98.2.122019-0175r1","url":null,"abstract":"We study how land use fragmentation affects the life satisfaction of city dwellers. To this end, we calculate fragmentation metrics based on exact geographical coordinates of land use from the European Urban Atlas and of households from the German Socio-Economic Panel. Using ordinary least squares and fixed effects specifications, we find little effect on life satisfaction when aggregating over land use types. When looking at particular types, however, we find that life satisfaction is positively affected by lower average degrees of soil sealing, larger shares of vegetation, and more heterogeneous configurations of medium- and low-density urban fabric, especially in areas with higher population density.","PeriodicalId":51378,"journal":{"name":"Land Economics","volume":"98 1","pages":"399 - 420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46258380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-11DOI: 10.3368/le.98.2.092520-0150r1
Andreas Pellegrini, J. Rose, R. Scarpa
Using a random utility consistent discrete-continuous model, we analyze decisions by a sample of Australian farmers on the mix of herbicides and their intensity of use. The proposed model is flexible and even accommodates decisions concerning a single herbicide. We use a sequential quadratic programming-based forecasting approach to predict optimal herbicide types and allocations. Structural estimates are used to forecast how price changes affect herbicide demand. The forecasting approach allows for calibration of alternative specific constants to reproduce existing brand market shares.
{"title":"Multiple Herbicide Use in Cropland: A Discrete-Continuous Model for Stated Choice Data","authors":"Andreas Pellegrini, J. Rose, R. Scarpa","doi":"10.3368/le.98.2.092520-0150r1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/le.98.2.092520-0150r1","url":null,"abstract":"Using a random utility consistent discrete-continuous model, we analyze decisions by a sample of Australian farmers on the mix of herbicides and their intensity of use. The proposed model is flexible and even accommodates decisions concerning a single herbicide. We use a sequential quadratic programming-based forecasting approach to predict optimal herbicide types and allocations. Structural estimates are used to forecast how price changes affect herbicide demand. The forecasting approach allows for calibration of alternative specific constants to reproduce existing brand market shares.","PeriodicalId":51378,"journal":{"name":"Land Economics","volume":"98 1","pages":"355 - 375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48397236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-11DOI: 10.3368/le.98.2.051520-0066r
A. Aklilu, Katarina Elofsson
Agri-environmental investment support that compensates landowners for the costs of wetland creation and restoration is considered an effective policy for increasing biodiversity and reducing nonpoint emissions in agricultural landscapes. This study assesses the extent to which such an agri-environmental scheme is propagated across landowners and examines determinants of the adoption of the policy in Sweden. Using spatiotemporal variations in the implementation of the scheme, we show that endogenous spatial interaction across landowners helps propagate the adoption of the scheme. We did not find spatial interactions to play a role in the disadoption of the scheme.
{"title":"Wetland Investment Support Schemes: Adoption and Spatial Interactions","authors":"A. Aklilu, Katarina Elofsson","doi":"10.3368/le.98.2.051520-0066r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/le.98.2.051520-0066r","url":null,"abstract":"Agri-environmental investment support that compensates landowners for the costs of wetland creation and restoration is considered an effective policy for increasing biodiversity and reducing nonpoint emissions in agricultural landscapes. This study assesses the extent to which such an agri-environmental scheme is propagated across landowners and examines determinants of the adoption of the policy in Sweden. Using spatiotemporal variations in the implementation of the scheme, we show that endogenous spatial interaction across landowners helps propagate the adoption of the scheme. We did not find spatial interactions to play a role in the disadoption of the scheme.","PeriodicalId":51378,"journal":{"name":"Land Economics","volume":"98 1","pages":"292 - 313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41809111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-20DOI: 10.3368/le.98.1.071520-0106r1
Will Georgic, H. Klaiber
We estimate the effect of leveerelated flood-risk reduction on rates of new housing development. Using a fixed-effect Poisson regression and a nonlinear difference-in-differences identification strategy, we find that newly constructed levees increased the rate of residential development by more than 50% compared with areas without levee protection. Contemporary analysis using a duration model indicates effects lasting decades later, with the magnitude of the induced development attenuating over time. Our findings inform discussion of the “levee effect” and highlight the possibility that further flood-risk reduction investment in levees may be partially offset through increased development activity.
{"title":"A Flood of Construction: The Role of Levees in Urban Floodplain Development","authors":"Will Georgic, H. Klaiber","doi":"10.3368/le.98.1.071520-0106r1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/le.98.1.071520-0106r1","url":null,"abstract":"We estimate the effect of leveerelated flood-risk reduction on rates of new housing development. Using a fixed-effect Poisson regression and a nonlinear difference-in-differences identification strategy, we find that newly constructed levees increased the rate of residential development by more than 50% compared with areas without levee protection. Contemporary analysis using a duration model indicates effects lasting decades later, with the magnitude of the induced development attenuating over time. Our findings inform discussion of the “levee effect” and highlight the possibility that further flood-risk reduction investment in levees may be partially offset through increased development activity.","PeriodicalId":51378,"journal":{"name":"Land Economics","volume":"98 1","pages":"78 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47077988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-20DOI: 10.3368/le.98.1.073020-0118r1
Mengdi Liu, Ronald J. Shadbegian, Bing Zhang
The strong version of the Porter hypothesis indicates that environmental regulations may cause firms to become more productive. However, using a difference-in-differences regression model with propensity score matching, we find that more stringent wastewater discharge requirements faced by textile, printing, and dyeing firms significantly reduced their total factor productivity (TFP) by 13%-14%. We advance the literature by providing evidence that more stringent regulation has a larger negative TFP effect on firms that rely more heavily on end-of-pipe abatement strategies rather than change-in-production-process techniques. Moreover, most of the negative TFP effects of the stricter environmental regulation occur at domestically owned private firms
{"title":"Environmental Regulation, Compliance Strategies, and Productivity: Evidence from China","authors":"Mengdi Liu, Ronald J. Shadbegian, Bing Zhang","doi":"10.3368/le.98.1.073020-0118r1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/le.98.1.073020-0118r1","url":null,"abstract":"The strong version of the Porter hypothesis indicates that environmental regulations may cause firms to become more productive. However, using a difference-in-differences regression model with propensity score matching, we find that more stringent wastewater discharge requirements faced by textile, printing, and dyeing firms significantly reduced their total factor productivity (TFP) by 13%-14%. We advance the literature by providing evidence that more stringent regulation has a larger negative TFP effect on firms that rely more heavily on end-of-pipe abatement strategies rather than change-in-production-process techniques. Moreover, most of the negative TFP effects of the stricter environmental regulation occur at domestically owned private firms","PeriodicalId":51378,"journal":{"name":"Land Economics","volume":"98 1","pages":"41 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47646283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-20DOI: 10.3368/le.98.1.062619-0084r1
Jacob Ricker-Gilbert, J. Chamberlin, Joseph S. Kanyamuka
We use a unique data set on matched tenant-landlord pairs in Malawi to compare decisions on smallholder plots that were rented versus those that were owner-operated. Controlling for household and rental-pair fixed effects, we found that some input use (e.g., hybrid maize seed) and soil fertility investments (e.g., manure, compost, minimum tillage) were higher on tenants’ owner-operated plots than on their rented-in plots. Tenants were also less likely to use compost than their landlords. Landlords were less likely to rent out plots with fruit trees. Our results suggest that the expansion of farmland rental markets may exacerbate soil fertility maintenance concerns.
{"title":"Soil Investments on Rented versus Owned Plots: Evidence from a Matched Tenant-Landlord Sample in Malawi","authors":"Jacob Ricker-Gilbert, J. Chamberlin, Joseph S. Kanyamuka","doi":"10.3368/le.98.1.062619-0084r1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/le.98.1.062619-0084r1","url":null,"abstract":"We use a unique data set on matched tenant-landlord pairs in Malawi to compare decisions on smallholder plots that were rented versus those that were owner-operated. Controlling for household and rental-pair fixed effects, we found that some input use (e.g., hybrid maize seed) and soil fertility investments (e.g., manure, compost, minimum tillage) were higher on tenants’ owner-operated plots than on their rented-in plots. Tenants were also less likely to use compost than their landlords. Landlords were less likely to rent out plots with fruit trees. Our results suggest that the expansion of farmland rental markets may exacerbate soil fertility maintenance concerns.","PeriodicalId":51378,"journal":{"name":"Land Economics","volume":"98 1","pages":"165 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47642630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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