This article is both a review of, and an intervention in, the literature on gender and the globalization of production. Via a discussion of six key texts analyzing export-oriented manufacturing, ranging from Maria Mies's Lace Makers of Narsapur to Melissa Wright's Disposable Women and Other Myths of Global Capitalism, I show that, over time, the focus has shifted from an emphasis on the feminization of manufacturing as a defining feature of globalization to an appreciation of the diverse and contingent ways in which gender matters for offshore production. While this recent scholarship highlights variability in gendered labor regimes at the global-local nexus, I argue that it is also critically important to ask what is similar about the many locations on the global assembly line that have been studied. Specifically, we must look to how gender, as a set of context-specific meanings and practices, works within the macrostructure of the global economy and its systemic logic of capital accumulation. In other words, while capitalism does not determine the concrete modalities of gender that exist in a given locale, it is essential for explaining the gendered dimension of transnational production as a patterned regularity of contemporary globalization.
{"title":"On difference and capital: gender and the globalization of production.","authors":"Jennifer Bair","doi":"10.1086/652912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/652912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article is both a review of, and an intervention in, the literature on gender and the globalization of production. Via a discussion of six key texts analyzing export-oriented manufacturing, ranging from Maria Mies's Lace Makers of Narsapur to Melissa Wright's Disposable Women and Other Myths of Global Capitalism, I show that, over time, the focus has shifted from an emphasis on the feminization of manufacturing as a defining feature of globalization to an appreciation of the diverse and contingent ways in which gender matters for offshore production. While this recent scholarship highlights variability in gendered labor regimes at the global-local nexus, I argue that it is also critically important to ask what is similar about the many locations on the global assembly line that have been studied. Specifically, we must look to how gender, as a set of context-specific meanings and practices, works within the macrostructure of the global economy and its systemic logic of capital accumulation. In other words, while capitalism does not determine the concrete modalities of gender that exist in a given locale, it is essential for explaining the gendered dimension of transnational production as a patterned regularity of contemporary globalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":51382,"journal":{"name":"Signs","volume":" ","pages":"203-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/652912","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40057558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L'A. pose la question pourquoi il y a si peu d'attention accordee aux ecrits economiques feministes des annees 1990 - nottament sur la discrimination dans le marche du travail ou sur la production des menages - par les theoriciens de la discipline
{"title":"Can We Talk? Feminist Economists in Dialogue with Social Theorists","authors":"J. Nelson","doi":"10.1086/500599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/500599","url":null,"abstract":"L'A. pose la question pourquoi il y a si peu d'attention accordee aux ecrits economiques feministes des annees 1990 - nottament sur la discrimination dans le marche du travail ou sur la production des menages - par les theoriciens de la discipline","PeriodicalId":51382,"journal":{"name":"Signs","volume":"31 1","pages":"1051 - 1074"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/500599","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60382866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
n 1900, Emile Durkheim celebrated a new century by summing up the history of sociology in the old one. Although he named founding figures from both sides of the Atlantic, he characterized the new field as an "essentially French science" (1900, 609). Only France could provide an appropriate home for the new science; only France combined the innovations of a postrevolutionary social order with the continuous intellectual tradition of Cartesian rationality. In his earlier history of socialism, Durkheim had named Henri de Saint-Simon as the founder of "sociological" thinking (1958), but, in his new centennial history, he awarded the lion's share of the praise to Auguste Comte, the "father" of the field, the inventor of the term sociology, and, despite his debts to Saint-Simon, "for us, the masterpar excellence" (Durkheim 1900, 609-12).1 In subsequent histories of the discipline, Durkheim has joined his predecessor Comte among the acknowledged "founding fathers of modern sociology," and Comte and Durkheim's nineteenth-century French social science has become part of the prehistory of twentieth-century American
{"title":"Sexual politics in Comte and Durkheim: feminism, history, and the French sociological tradition.","authors":"J E Pedersen","doi":"10.1086/495678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/495678","url":null,"abstract":"n 1900, Emile Durkheim celebrated a new century by summing up the history of sociology in the old one. Although he named founding figures from both sides of the Atlantic, he characterized the new field as an \"essentially French science\" (1900, 609). Only France could provide an appropriate home for the new science; only France combined the innovations of a postrevolutionary social order with the continuous intellectual tradition of Cartesian rationality. In his earlier history of socialism, Durkheim had named Henri de Saint-Simon as the founder of \"sociological\" thinking (1958), but, in his new centennial history, he awarded the lion's share of the praise to Auguste Comte, the \"father\" of the field, the inventor of the term sociology, and, despite his debts to Saint-Simon, \"for us, the masterpar excellence\" (Durkheim 1900, 609-12).1 In subsequent histories of the discipline, Durkheim has joined his predecessor Comte among the acknowledged \"founding fathers of modern sociology,\" and Comte and Durkheim's nineteenth-century French social science has become part of the prehistory of twentieth-century American","PeriodicalId":51382,"journal":{"name":"Signs","volume":"27 1","pages":"229-63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/495678","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26810852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ocated in more than 130 countries, migrant Filipina domestic workers have settled in the cities of Athens, Bahrain, Rome, Madrid, Paris, Toronto, New York, Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and Singapore. Dispersed among a multitude of industrialized nations, they have come to constitute a diaspora more precisely, a contemporary female labor diaspora.' A particular result of global restructuring, this labor diaspora is a product of the
{"title":"Transgressing the nation-state: the partial citizenship and \"imagined (global) community\" of migrant Filipina domestic workers.","authors":"R S Parrenas","doi":"10.1086/495650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/495650","url":null,"abstract":"ocated in more than 130 countries, migrant Filipina domestic workers have settled in the cities of Athens, Bahrain, Rome, Madrid, Paris, Toronto, New York, Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and Singapore. Dispersed among a multitude of industrialized nations, they have come to constitute a diaspora more precisely, a contemporary female labor diaspora.' A particular result of global restructuring, this labor diaspora is a product of the","PeriodicalId":51382,"journal":{"name":"Signs","volume":"26 4","pages":"1129-54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/495650","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26810867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ecent scholarship on social change emphasizes the importance of transnational advocacy networks and a globalizing civil society, in which borders between states become permeable to international political activism (Keck and Sikkink 1998; Della Porta, Kriesi, and Rucht 1999; Tarrow 1999). Such transnational organizing has blossomed within the women's movement, as elsewhere, and has affected the types of resources and discourses available to activists. Efforts to produce change in gender relations can now rely heavily on elite and expert social networks, in which women's organizing has become increasingly professionalized and "NGO-ized" (Alvarez 1997; Ray 1999; Silliman 1999). Local feminist activists now participate self-consciously in international forums, share a common discourse, and construct a women's movement understood as being both local and global (Bystydzienski and Sekhon 1999). This change in political activity has occurred at the same time as a global decline in women's mass mobilization and in the use of contentious forms of public protest (Freeman and Johnson 1999). In this article, we examine the nature and meaning of the transnational mobilization of women's movements, using as a specific case study a set of seminars sponsored by U.S. women activists and intended to support women's political activism in Russia. Our main argument is that transnational organizing is not a unidirectional process. At the point of intersection between the local and the global, where these seminars take place, resources and discourses become objects of struggle, which neither the Russian nor the American women's movement activists unilaterally control. Moreover, reciprocal benefits accrue to both local and extralocal
{"title":"Constructing global feminism: transnational advocacy networks and Russian women's activism.","authors":"V Sperling, M M Ferree, B Risman","doi":"10.1086/495651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/495651","url":null,"abstract":"ecent scholarship on social change emphasizes the importance of transnational advocacy networks and a globalizing civil society, in which borders between states become permeable to international political activism (Keck and Sikkink 1998; Della Porta, Kriesi, and Rucht 1999; Tarrow 1999). Such transnational organizing has blossomed within the women's movement, as elsewhere, and has affected the types of resources and discourses available to activists. Efforts to produce change in gender relations can now rely heavily on elite and expert social networks, in which women's organizing has become increasingly professionalized and \"NGO-ized\" (Alvarez 1997; Ray 1999; Silliman 1999). Local feminist activists now participate self-consciously in international forums, share a common discourse, and construct a women's movement understood as being both local and global (Bystydzienski and Sekhon 1999). This change in political activity has occurred at the same time as a global decline in women's mass mobilization and in the use of contentious forms of public protest (Freeman and Johnson 1999). In this article, we examine the nature and meaning of the transnational mobilization of women's movements, using as a specific case study a set of seminars sponsored by U.S. women activists and intended to support women's political activism in Russia. Our main argument is that transnational organizing is not a unidirectional process. At the point of intersection between the local and the global, where these seminars take place, resources and discourses become objects of struggle, which neither the Russian nor the American women's movement activists unilaterally control. Moreover, reciprocal benefits accrue to both local and extralocal","PeriodicalId":51382,"journal":{"name":"Signs","volume":"26 4","pages":"1155-86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/495651","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26808393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T he autobiograplhy Wonderfl Adventures ofMrs. Seacole in Many Lands ([1857] 1984) by Jamaican mixed-race "Creole" Mary Jane Grant Seacole (1805-81) reveals a great deal about the complex interplay in the nineteenth century between gendered mobility, black diaspora identity, colonial power, and transnational circularity.1 As a black entrepreneur and "doctress" who ran combination lodging houses and taverns in the Caribbean and Central America, Seacole relocated midcareer to Turkey during the Crimean War (1854-56) to service the needs of English soldiers on the battlefield. After losing her business when the war ended sooner than expected, she settled in England and attempted to recover from bankruptcy
{"title":"Traveling with her mother's tastes: the negotiation of gender, race, and location in wonderful adventures of Mrs. Seacole in many lands.","authors":"S Gunning","doi":"10.1086/495644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/495644","url":null,"abstract":"T he autobiograplhy Wonderfl Adventures ofMrs. Seacole in Many Lands ([1857] 1984) by Jamaican mixed-race \"Creole\" Mary Jane Grant Seacole (1805-81) reveals a great deal about the complex interplay in the nineteenth century between gendered mobility, black diaspora identity, colonial power, and transnational circularity.1 As a black entrepreneur and \"doctress\" who ran combination lodging houses and taverns in the Caribbean and Central America, Seacole relocated midcareer to Turkey during the Crimean War (1854-56) to service the needs of English soldiers on the battlefield. After losing her business when the war ended sooner than expected, she settled in England and attempted to recover from bankruptcy","PeriodicalId":51382,"journal":{"name":"Signs","volume":"26 4","pages":"949-81"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27546100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
n the course of conducting fieldwork in 1993-94 in Durban, South Africa, I attended a training workshop for Zenzele field-workers.' Zenzele was a black women's organization that focused on educating and uplifting black women living in rural and urban KwaZulu and Natal.2 There we were told a story of women's transnational cooperation that struck me as surprisingly reminiscent of colonial relations between European and "native" women. On June 29, 1994, Lyndsay Hacket-Pain, then vice president of the Associated Country Women of the World (ACWW), addressed a gathering of ACWW affiliate organizations the Federation of Women's Institutes (FWI) of Natal and Zululand and the Natal and KwaZulu Zenzele Women's Association (Zenzele). Hacket-Pain, from the head office in London, had been traveling around South Africa visiting various ACWW affiliate organizations and the projects they had undertaken. A
{"title":"Nongovernmental organizations, \"grassroots,\" and the politics of virtue.","authors":"D Mindry","doi":"10.1086/495652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/495652","url":null,"abstract":"n the course of conducting fieldwork in 1993-94 in Durban, South Africa, I attended a training workshop for Zenzele field-workers.' Zenzele was a black women's organization that focused on educating and uplifting black women living in rural and urban KwaZulu and Natal.2 There we were told a story of women's transnational cooperation that struck me as surprisingly reminiscent of colonial relations between European and \"native\" women. On June 29, 1994, Lyndsay Hacket-Pain, then vice president of the Associated Country Women of the World (ACWW), addressed a gathering of ACWW affiliate organizations the Federation of Women's Institutes (FWI) of Natal and Zululand and the Natal and KwaZulu Zenzele Women's Association (Zenzele). Hacket-Pain, from the head office in London, had been traveling around South Africa visiting various ACWW affiliate organizations and the projects they had undertaken. A","PeriodicalId":51382,"journal":{"name":"Signs","volume":"26 4","pages":"1187-211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/495652","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26817065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transgressing the nation-state: the partial citizenship and \"imagined (global) community\" of migrant Filipina domestic workers.","authors":"R. Parreñas","doi":"10.1057/9780230101821_6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230101821_6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51382,"journal":{"name":"Signs","volume":"26 4 1","pages":"1129-54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1057/9780230101821_6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58210624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
n 1984 I visited Bangladesh to begin research on female garment workers. The image that remains deeply embedded in my consciousness is the dramatic change that characterized the streets of Dacca since I had left the country only eighteen months earlier. Perhaps most striking were the number of women who now walked along the road, often in groups of six or more, especially after a shift change at the recently opened garment factories that dotted the streets throughout the city. The image of women dressed in cotton saris leaving work in the early evening was in stark contrast to my earlier experience when I was one of only a few, if any, women walking quickly along these same roads. It also was a change from the time when I was the only woman in a government or commercial office, or in some of the smaller fresh produce or fish markets, unchaperoned by either an older or younger male companion. At first I could hardly make sense of this now strange and different place that had been my home for five years. Was I mistaken? Did I remember incorrectly? Did I get caught by the Western image of Bangladesh and Bangladeshi women dominated by purdah (female seclusion), only to confront the everyday lives of young women struggling to make a living? How was I to understand this apparently fantastic change in the course of a mere eighteen months? I have been challenged ever since to make sense of this dramatic reorganization of women's lives. Certain facts were self-evident: a growing number of garment factories were now part of the city, Dacca was an internationally recognized export-processing enclave, and thousands of women
{"title":"Exploring theories of patriarchy: a perspective from contemporary Bangladesh.","authors":"S Feldman","doi":"10.1086/495649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/495649","url":null,"abstract":"n 1984 I visited Bangladesh to begin research on female garment workers. The image that remains deeply embedded in my consciousness is the dramatic change that characterized the streets of Dacca since I had left the country only eighteen months earlier. Perhaps most striking were the number of women who now walked along the road, often in groups of six or more, especially after a shift change at the recently opened garment factories that dotted the streets throughout the city. The image of women dressed in cotton saris leaving work in the early evening was in stark contrast to my earlier experience when I was one of only a few, if any, women walking quickly along these same roads. It also was a change from the time when I was the only woman in a government or commercial office, or in some of the smaller fresh produce or fish markets, unchaperoned by either an older or younger male companion. At first I could hardly make sense of this now strange and different place that had been my home for five years. Was I mistaken? Did I remember incorrectly? Did I get caught by the Western image of Bangladesh and Bangladeshi women dominated by purdah (female seclusion), only to confront the everyday lives of young women struggling to make a living? How was I to understand this apparently fantastic change in the course of a mere eighteen months? I have been challenged ever since to make sense of this dramatic reorganization of women's lives. Certain facts were self-evident: a growing number of garment factories were now part of the city, Dacca was an internationally recognized export-processing enclave, and thousands of women","PeriodicalId":51382,"journal":{"name":"Signs","volume":"26 4","pages":"1097-127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/495649","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26733152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I want my daughters to be Filipino especially on sex. I always emphasize to them that they should not participate in sex if they are not married. We are also Catholic. We are raised so that we don't engage in going out with men while we are not married. And I don't like it to happen to my daughters as if they have no values. I don't like them to grow up that way, like the American girls. Filipina immigrant mother
{"title":"\"We Don't Sleep around like White Girls Do\": Family, Culture, and Gender in Filipina American Lives","authors":"Yen Le Espiritu","doi":"10.1086/495599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/495599","url":null,"abstract":"I want my daughters to be Filipino especially on sex. I always emphasize to them that they should not participate in sex if they are not married. We are also Catholic. We are raised so that we don't engage in going out with men while we are not married. And I don't like it to happen to my daughters as if they have no values. I don't like them to grow up that way, like the American girls. Filipina immigrant mother","PeriodicalId":51382,"journal":{"name":"Signs","volume":"26 1","pages":"415 - 440"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/495599","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60361757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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