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Contours of Racial Capitalism, Urban Geography, and Infrastructure 种族资本主义、城市地理和基础设施的轮廓
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.70002
Claudia Fonseca Alfaro

Racial capitalism has received much attention within the social sciences over the past few decades, including fields such as urban geography and infrastructural studies. This state of the field identifies key contributions, highlights the latest developments, draws attention to limitations, and points to future directions. Given the concept's multiple iterations and lineages beyond Cedric Robinson's framework, there is a risk racial capitalism might become an empty signifier if more work is not done by scholars to define their points of departure, clarify the concept's theoretical reach, and expand empirical contributions beyond the U.S. heartland. To advance the racial capitalism body of work, current scholarship suggests theoretical conversations with postcolonial theory, decolonial thought, Indigenous studies, and feminist approaches. There is also a need to engage not only with other variants of racial capitalism, but also with earlier scholarship that investigates the interplay between race/racialization and space.

过去几十年来,种族资本主义在社会科学领域受到广泛关注,包括城市地理学和基础设施研究等领域。本领域报告指出了该领域的主要贡献,强调了最新发展,提醒人们注意其局限性,并指出了未来的发展方向。鉴于种族资本主义这一概念在塞德里克-罗宾逊(Cedric Robinson)的框架之外还有多种迭代和发展脉络,如果学者们不做更多的工作来界定他们的出发点、澄清这一概念的理论影响范围并将实证贡献扩展到美国中心地带之外,那么种族资本主义就有可能成为一个空洞的符号。为了推进种族资本主义的研究,当前的学术研究建议与后殖民主义理论、非殖民主义思想、土著研究和女权主义方法进行理论对话。此外,不仅需要与种族资本主义的其他变体进行对话,还需要与研究种族/种族化与空间之间相互作用的早期学术研究进行对话。
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引用次数: 0
Resistance to Extractivism-Induced Water Insecurity. Does Gender Have a Role in It? A Systematic Scoping Review 抵制采掘业导致的水资源不安全。性别在其中有作用吗?系统性范围研究
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12767
Martina Angela Caretta, Muriel Côte, Vasna Ramasar, Tara Nair van Ryneveld, Sofia Zaragocin

Extractivist practices threaten water security and with it, people's health and livelihoods. Numerous communities around the world are engaged in the strenuous work of resistance against mining. Through our previous research, we matured a sense that women are a major force behind organizing for water security, particularly because they often refer to an embodied sense of urgency to act against ongoing extractivism to preserve their waters and territories. Yet, a systematic assessment of the state of knowledge at the intersection of extractivism, water, resistance and gender is still missing. Thus, the goal of this article is to provide an overview, through a systematic scoping review, of the existing anglophone scientific literature focusing on water insecurity due to extractivism and its consequent community resistance, with a particular focus on gender. We identify 30 articles with only six explicitly referring to gender. All studies have in common the understanding that water insecurity is a manmade problem, particularly due to extractivism. Resistance is a great revelator of politics, and this systematic scoping review shows that dynamics of depletion and sacrifice zones—both in environmental and human terms—cannot be understood without considering gender and intersectional relations. Yet, an explicit focus on gender as an analytical lens of water and extractivism is still lacking in the literature. Importantly, this systematic scoping review shows similarities across case studies emphasizing the need to interrogate the transnationality of these phenomena.

开采行为威胁着水安全,也威胁着人们的健康和生计。世界各地的许多社区都在从事艰苦的反采矿工作。通过以往的研究,我们逐渐认识到,妇女是为水安全而组织起来的主要力量,特别是因为她们经常提到,为了保护自己的水源和领土,她们有一种采取行动反对正在进行的采掘活动的紧迫感。然而,对于采掘业、水、抵抗和性别之间的交汇点的知识状况仍然缺乏系统的评估。因此,本文旨在通过系统性的范围界定审查,对现有英语科学文献进行概述,重点关注采掘主义导致的水不安全问题及其随之而来的社区反抗,尤其关注性别问题。我们确定了 30 篇文章,其中只有 6 篇明确提到了性别问题。所有研究的共同认识是,水资源不安全是一个人为问题,尤其是由于采掘业造成的。抵制是政治的重要启示,本系统性范围审查表明,如果不考虑性别和交叉关系,就无法理解环境和人类方面的枯竭和牺牲区动态。然而,文献中仍然缺乏对性别问题的明确关注,将其作为分析水资源和采掘业的一个视角。重要的是,这次系统性的范围界定审查显示了各案例研究之间的相似性,强调了对这些现象的跨国性进行审视的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Theorizing Multiple Geographies: Interrelations of Space and Multiplicity in Geographical Research 多重地理理论化:地理研究中空间与多重性的相互关系
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-07-28 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12766
Danai Liodaki, Lela Rekhviashvili, Elia Apostolopoulou, Thilo Lang

Starting from the observation that the notion of “multiple geographies” has gained considerable traction in geographical research in the past years while its theoretical foundations have often remained abstract, in this paper we contribute toward elaboration of multiple geographies as a research perspective, recognizing its potential as a valuable framework for analyzing divergent spatial relations. Initially, we provide an overview of the diverse applications of multiple geographies through a review of relevant literature, focusing on papers within the realms of political geographies that mention the term in their title or abstract. Subsequently, we categorize these papers thematically, identifying three main theoretical strains: post-colonial geographies, uneven geographical development, and feminist geographies. We then propose a theoretical scaffold for navigating the complexities of multiple geographies by engaging with broader discussions on plurality and multiplicity in relation to the aforementioned strains. Finally, we synthesize the insights garnered from this analysis, exploring the potential of a multiple geographies research perspective to contribute to a nuanced understanding of the diverse ways in which space is produced and experienced. Our contribution aims to enrich ongoing debates within human geography on how space can be redefined in more relational, decolonial, socially just, feminist, and diverse ways, opening pathways for pluralistic geographical imaginations.

过去几年,"多重地理学 "的概念在地理学研究中获得了相当大的影响力,而其理论基础却往往仍然很抽象,从这一观察出发,我们在本文中将多重地理学作为一种研究视角加以阐述,认识到其作为分析不同空间关系的宝贵框架的潜力。首先,我们通过对相关文献的回顾,概述了多重地理学的各种应用,重点关注政治地理学领域中在标题或摘要中提到该术语的论文。随后,我们对这些论文进行了主题分类,确定了三大理论流派:后殖民地理学、不均衡地理发展和女性主义地理学。然后,我们提出了一个理论支架,通过与上述理论流派相关的多元性和多重性的广泛讨论,来驾驭多重地理学的复杂性。最后,我们综合了从这一分析中获得的见解,探讨了多重地理学研究视角的潜力,以促进对空间产生和体验的不同方式的细致入微的理解。我们的贡献旨在丰富人文地理学中正在进行的辩论,探讨如何以更具关系性、非殖民性、社会公正性、女权主义和多样性的方式重新定义空间,为多元地理想象开辟道路。
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引用次数: 0
Policy mobilities, ‘informational infrastructures’ and the ‘digital turn’: Towards a research agenda 政策流动性、"信息基础设施 "和 "数字转向":制定研究议程
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12765
Kevin Ward

This paper draws together elements of the academic literature on policy mobilities on the one hand, and on the ‘digital turn’ on the other. It argues that COVID-19 accelerated the digitalization of everyday life asking we think through how those already existing informational infrastructures supporting the mobility of policies are continuing to evolve, as are the methods available for researching them. This has potential consequences for how cities practice policy comparison exchange, and learning and how these processes are studied. This paper sets out a three-pronged schema to take seriously the intersection of policy mobilities and the digital. They are policy mobilities through the digital, policy mobilities produced by the digital and policy mobilities of the digital. It concludes by outlining fruitful areas for a future research agenda.

本文汇集了有关政策流动性和 "数字转向 "的学术文献。本文认为,COVID-19 加速了日常生活的数字化,这要求我们思考支持政策流动性的现有信息基础设施是如何持续发展的,以及研究这些基础设施的方法是如何发展的。这将对城市如何进行政策比较、交流和学习以及如何研究这些过程产生潜在影响。本文提出了一个三管齐下的方案,以认真对待政策流动性与数字的交叉。它们分别是通过数字化的政策流动性、由数字化产生的政策流动性和数字化的政策流动性。最后,本文概述了未来研究议程中富有成效的领域。
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引用次数: 0
Pivot to the South: Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals through China's Belt and Road Initiative 以南方为支点:通过中国的 "一带一路 "倡议实现可持续发展目标
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12762
Hannah McNicol

Whilst China's aid and development model has been traditionally understood as divergent from the dominant post-1945 liberal development model, scholars are also increasingly exploring convergence between features of the two development models. Recently, scholars from a range of disciplines including development studies, development geography and international (business, environment and legal) studies have explored a process whereby China's Belt and Road Initiative and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals converge (‘BRI-SDG integration’). This paper brings these multidisciplinary strands of scholarship together and places them in dialogue with social sciences convergence theory to understand how BRI-SDG integration aligns with or challenges previous conceptualisations of Chinese-dominant development convergence. The paper first demonstrates that BRI-SDG integration proposes a novel and deliberate convergence process - which the paper names ‘complementary convergence’. However, BRI-SDG integration also underscores the need for more multidirectional frameworks that reject Eurocentricity for evaluating the contemporary Chinese-dominant relationship, and an enhanced focus on how China is influencing dominant development institutions. Finally, BRI-SDG integration reiterates the methodological difficulties of delineating between ‘development models’ in an increasingly interrelated global governance of development.

虽然中国的援助与发展模式传统上被理解为有别于 1945 年后占主导地位的自由主义发展模式,但学者们也越来越多地探索这两种发展模式之间的趋同性。最近,来自发展研究、发展地理学和国际(商业、环境和法律)研究等多个学科的学者探讨了中国的 "一带一路 "倡议与联合国可持续发展目标的融合过程("'一带一路'倡议与可持续发展目标的融合")。本文汇集了这些多学科的学术成果,并将其与社会科学融合理论进行对话,以了解 "一带一路 "倡议与联合国可持续发展目标的融合如何与以往关于中国主导的发展融合的概念相吻合或对其提出挑战。本文首先表明,金砖倡议与发展集团的融合提出了一种新颖而审慎的融合过程--本文将其命名为 "互补性融合"。然而,BRI-SDG 一体化也强调,在评估当代中国主导型关系时,需要摒弃欧洲中心论,建立更多的多向框架,并更加关注中国如何影响主导型发展机构。最后,BRI-SDG 一体化重申了在日益相互关联的全球发展治理中划分 "发展模式 "的方法论困难。
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引用次数: 0
Neo-extractivism, (de)growth and resurgent pink tide governments in Latin America 新萃取主义、(去)增长和拉丁美洲粉红潮政府的复苏
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-16 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12761
Mark Hawkins

The 21st century in Latin America began with a widespread shift to the left politically, a phenomenon called the ‘pink tide’. Following a period of right-wing re-ascendancy, left wing governments are again gaining traction across the continent. This article analyses the end of the last pink tide via a dialogue between the post-extractivism and degrowth literature by examining Bolivia, Ecuador, and Brazil. This is done through a look at the impacts of both economic growth as a normative policy aim and extractivism as the engine to produce this growth on political developments in these countries. In the tradition of Gramsci this is interpreted as a hegemonic force, recast here as growth-through-extraction, that serves to perpetuate the interests of wealthy classes despite political changes. This article concludes with a brief analysis of how academic debates and political processes have moved on since Escobar 2015 and what this might mean for the new left-wing governments of Latin America.

21 世纪伊始,拉美政治普遍向左转,这一现象被称为 "粉红潮"。在右翼重新崛起之后,左翼政府再次在整个拉美大陆获得支持。本文通过对玻利维亚、厄瓜多尔和巴西的研究,在后萃取主义和经济增长文学之间展开对话,分析了上一次粉红浪潮的终结。本文通过考察作为政策规范目标的经济增长和作为经济增长引擎的采掘主义对这些国家政治发展的影响来实现这一目的。按照葛兰西的传统,这被解释为一种霸权力量,在此被重新表述为通过榨取实现增长,尽管政治发生了变化,但这种霸权力量却能使富裕阶层的利益永久化。本文最后简要分析了自埃斯科瓦尔 2015 年以来学术辩论和政治进程的发展情况,以及这对拉丁美洲新左翼政府可能意味着什么。
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引用次数: 0
Uneven geographies of COVID-19: Reviewing geographical research agendas and concepts from a syndemics perspective COVID-19 的不均衡地理学:从综合症的角度审视地理研究议程和概念
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-16 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12764
Carsten Butsch, Jonathan Everts, Tabea Bork-Hüffer

Building upon a review of geographic research agendas and concepts related to the uneven geographies of COVID-19, this first of three articles debates the benefits of geographic analyses to the syndemic approach and, vice versa, of a syndemics perspective to geographic analyses. The syndemics perspective was proposed by critical medical anthropologists. It seeks to deepen the understanding of the structural dimensions and processes that lead to the convergence and cascading of multiple epidemics in specific population groups. Geographers have also highlighted the intersections of multiple health or other crises during COVID-19, when the pandemic and global health emergency coincided with and escalated existing structural inequalities produced by the climate crisis, environmental degradation, political conflicts and war, socio-economic disparities and poverty, social divisions, racism, hatred and violence, mental health problems and stress. Geographers have mobilized concepts such as scale, territory, borders and intersectionality to unravel the uneven unfolding and consequences of the global health emergency for diverse population groups. We therefore argue that geography has a lot to contribute to the understanding of the spatial and contextual dimensions of COVID-19 as a pandemic as well as a syndemic – but it has so far not actively employed the latter concept's analytical lens. Mobilizing the syndemics approach can contribute to more comprehensive accounts of the structural dimensions and processes that continue and cascade in pandemics.

在回顾与 COVID-19 不均衡地理相关的地理研究议程和概念的基础上,本文是三篇文章中的第一篇,讨论地理分析对综合症方法的益处,反之亦然,综合症视角对地理分析的益处。综合症视角是由批判性医学人类学家提出的。它旨在加深对导致特定人群中多种流行病汇聚和连锁的结构层面和过程的理解。在 COVID-19 期间,地理学家还强调了多重健康危机或其他危机的交叉,当时大流行病和全球健康紧急状况与气候危机、环境退化、政治冲突和战争、社会经济差距和贫困、社会分裂、种族主义、仇恨和暴力、心理健康问题和压力所产生的现有结构性不平等现象同时发生并不断升级。地理学家利用规模、领土、边界和交叉性等概念来揭示全球健康紧急状况对不同人群的不均衡发展及其后果。因此,我们认为,地理学对于理解 COVID-19 作为一种流行病和综合症的空间和背景维度大有裨益,但迄今为止,地理学尚未积极采用综合症概念的分析视角。采用综合症的方法有助于更全面地阐述大流行病的结构性因素和延续及连锁过程。
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引用次数: 0
Datafication and urban (in)justice: Towards a digital spatial justice 数据化与城市(不)正义:实现数字空间正义
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12763
Miriam Tedeschi

In light of the challenges surrounding the conceptualization and definition of spatial justice within our increasingly data-driven society, this article commences an inquiry into the convergence of space, justice, and data within human geography literature and related disciplines, focusing notably on the urban field. The paper outlines theories concerning social justice-based rights to the city, especially emphasizing the significance of existing literature that bridges such theories with recent scholarship on data justice. It supplements these discussions by deriving a theoretical framework for digital spatial justice rooted in other space-based theories, exploring the more-than-human realms of non-human entities, affect, and information.

鉴于我们这个日益数据化的社会中围绕空间正义的概念化和定义所存在的挑战,本文开始探究人文地理学文献和相关学科中空间、正义和数据的融合,尤其侧重于城市领域。本文概述了有关基于社会正义的城市权利的理论,特别强调了现有文献将这些理论与近期有关数据正义的学术研究联系起来的重要性。作为对这些讨论的补充,论文以其他基于空间的理论为基础,探索了非人类实体、情感和信息等非人类领域,从而推导出数字空间正义的理论框架。
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引用次数: 0
Towards a historical geography of girlhood 走向少女时代的历史地理学
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12760
Sneha Krishnan

This paper makes an argument for a geography of girlhood, located at the intersection of historical geographies of globalisation and empire on the one hand, and feminist interventions in the geography of childhood and youth on the other. A focus on girlhood, I argue, opens up a debate on the discipline's own implication in a debate on climate science, moral hierarchies of civilisation and reproductive health at which intersection the category of ‘girl’ was materialised in the 19th century. This focus extends and historicises the argument made by scholars like Nicola Ansel that geographies of childhood speak not only to intimate scales of experience - such as the home and neighbourhood—but instead suggest the ways in which everyday life is implicated in the scale of the global and the geopolitical. Drawing on an inter-disciplinary scholarship, the paper argues that debates on gender and maturity—converging on the figure of the ‘girl’—shaped raced and classed imaginaries of progress in the 19th and 20th centuries. Through this, the paper demonstrates that ‘girlhood’ is at the heart of historical geographies of urban planning, social care, and health, as well as indexing the continuities in the transition from a colonial discourse of civilisation to a mid-20th century concern with development. Finally, the paper asks how to write about girls through an archive that is almost obsessively fixated on them as subjects of education and reform, even whilst they rarely appear in it as speaking subjects. I argue that both an emergent focus on non-textual objects as sources, as well as the use of ephemeral material—including notes, creative writing exercises from the classroom, school diaries etc.—alongside the official archive might open the scholarship up to a multi-scalar analysis of girlhood as imbricated in larger global and national discursive and material practices.

本文论证了女童地理学,一方面,女童地理学位于全球化和帝国历史地理学的交汇点,另一方面,女童地理学是女性主义对童年和青年地理学的干预。我认为,对女童的关注将开启一场辩论,讨论该学科本身在关于气候科学、文明的道德等级和生殖健康的辩论中的影响,而 "女童 "这一类别正是在这些交叉点上于 19 世纪具体化的。尼古拉-安塞尔(Nicola Ansel)等学者认为,童年地理学不仅涉及家庭和邻里等亲密的经验尺度,而且还暗示了日常生活与全球和地缘政治尺度的关联方式。本文以跨学科的学术研究为基础,论证了关于性别和成熟的争论--与 "女孩 "形象的融合--塑造了 19 世纪和 20 世纪种族和阶级对进步的想象。通过这些论述,本文证明了 "少女时代 "是城市规划、社会关怀和健康等历史地理学的核心,同时也表明了从殖民文明话语到 20 世纪中期发展关注的过渡中的连续性。最后,本文提出了一个问题,即如何通过几乎痴迷于将女孩作为教育和改革主体的档案来书写女孩,尽管她们很少作为发言主体出现在档案中。我认为,除了官方档案之外,对非文本对象作为资料来源的关注,以及对短暂资料--包括课堂笔记、创意写作练习、学校日记等--的使用,可能会为学术研究打开一个多角度的分析视角,将女孩的成长融入到更广泛的全球和国家话语及物质实践中。
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引用次数: 0
Framing social movements: A geographical perspective 框定社会运动:地理视角
IF 3.1 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1111/gec3.12748
Souvik Lal Chakraborty

The geographical concepts of scale, space and place have informed and refined the theory of “framing” in the social movement literature. Going beyond the conventional approach of understanding social movements, this article aims to bring discussions on relational ontology into conversation with the geographical literature on scale and spatial strategies in social movements, proposing a theoretical framework that goes beyond established approaches in the literature on collective action framing. This article proposes for a holistic cross-disciplinary dialog among political and development geographers and with activists and scholars from other cognate disciplines of social science to understand the complexities of framing in social movements.

规模、空间和地点等地理概念为社会运动文献中的 "框架 "理论提供了依据,并对其进行了完善。本文旨在超越理解社会运动的传统方法,将关系本体论的讨论与关于社会运动中的规模和空间策略的地理文献进行对话,提出一个超越集体行动框架文献中既有方法的理论框架。本文建议在政治地理学家和发展地理学家之间,以及与来自社会科学其他同源学科的活动家和学者之间开展全面的跨学科对话,以理解社会运动中框架的复杂性。
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引用次数: 0
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Geography Compass
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