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“SLAPPed” and censored? Legal threats and challenges to press freedom and investigative reporting "SLAPP "和审查?对新闻自由和调查性报道的法律威胁和挑战
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241242181
Lambrini Papadopoulou, Theodora A Maniou
The issue of SLAPPs remains a largely understudied area in journalism studies. Limited academic work on the topic mainly focuses on its legal aspects and there is little empirical academic work engaging with the way SLAPPs are experienced by those who are personally involved. This study focuses on illuminating the impact of these vexatious and frivolous lawsuits on investigative journalism and press freedom, and recording whether journalists experience additional or different consequences from SLAPPs in comparison to other types of threats. Based on interviews with journalists who have experienced SLAPPs in recent years and documenting their personal experiences, the study sheds light on the hidden professional and personal costs of investigative reporting, attempts to assess this phenomenon in relation to its effects on journalism and journalists, and is one of the few to record and analyze journalists’ personal beliefs and experiences.
在新闻研究中,SLAPPs 问题在很大程度上仍是一个研究不足的领域。有关该主题的学术著作有限,主要集中在法律方面,很少有实证性学术著作涉及 SLAPPs 对当事人的影响。本研究的重点是揭示这些无理取闹的琐碎诉讼对调查性新闻和新闻自由的影响,并记录与其他类型的威胁相比,SLAPPs 是否会给记者带来额外或不同的后果。本研究基于对近年来经历过 SLAPPs 的记者的采访,并记录了他们的亲身经历,揭示了调查性报道中隐藏的职业和个人成本,试图评估这一现象对新闻业和记者的影响,是为数不多的记录和分析记者个人信念和经历的研究之一。
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引用次数: 0
Interviewing Didier Raoult: The scientist who breaks the frame 采访迪迪埃-拉乌尔:打破框架的科学家
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241241137
Pierre Chartier
This paper examines how normative roles of interaction in broadcast news interviews are disrupted during interviews with French expert immunologist and scientist Didier Raoult. The analysis is based on the organisation of the news interview as a particular form of institutional talk, and on the discursive features of expertise. There are three key aspects to the construction of Raoult as a central figure of the pandemic scene in France. The first is his prominent media presence online, the second is his regular appeal to historical events, in relation to France and to his family, and the third is his own status as director of a team of epidemiology experts at the IHU (Institut Hospitalier Universitaire) in Marseille. In the three interviews in the data set, these three aspects emerge as legitimate discursive grounding for his stance regarding the pandemic, and relevant treatment for the virus. The paper is organised as follows: the first part is a presentation of Didier Raoult and the mediated context from which the corpus of interviews is selected. In the second, the discussion focuses on the discourse of scientific expertise, and how Raoult constructs his expert status in the interviews. The final part will analyse how he puts this expert status to work as a discursive resource for disrupting the interactional norms that generally hold between journalists on the one hand, and interviewees on the other.
本文探讨了广播新闻采访中的规范互动角色是如何在对法国专家免疫学家兼科学家迪迪埃-拉乌尔(Didier Raoult)的采访中被打破的。分析的基础是新闻采访作为一种特殊的机构谈话形式的组织结构,以及专业知识的话语特征。将拉乌尔塑造成法国大流行病领域的核心人物有三个关键方面。首先是他在网络媒体上的突出表现,其次是他经常呼吁人们关注与法国和他的家庭有关的历史事件,第三是他本人作为马赛大学医院研究所流行病学专家团队主任的身份。在数据集中的三次访谈中,这三个方面成为他对大流行病和相关病毒治疗所持立场的合法话语基础。本文的组织结构如下:第一部分介绍迪迪埃-拉乌尔(Didier Raoult)以及选取访谈语料的媒介背景。第二部分重点讨论科学专业知识的话语,以及拉乌尔如何在访谈中构建自己的专家地位。最后一部分将分析他如何将这种专家身份作为一种话语资源,用于打破记者与受访者之间通常存在的互动规范。
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引用次数: 0
Unmasking greenwashing – the role of the news media in giving voice to whistleblowers in sustainable finance 揭开 "绿色清洗 "的面纱--新闻媒体在为可持续金融领域的举报人发声方面的作用
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241241139
Vesile Cinceoglu, Nadine Strauß
Sustainable investing is on the rise within the financial sector. However, the honesty, reliability, and validity of the sustainable finance (SF) industry is currently facing increasing allegations and criticism, including from individuals within the sector. This paper aims to investigate how the news media give voice to whistleblowers in SF. To do so, a mixed methods approach was applied. First, expert interviews were conducted between March and April 2022 with individuals responsible for SF/ESG (‘environmental, social and governance’) investments in Europe as well as DWS whistleblower, Desiree Fixler. In parallel, the news coverage of two prominent whistleblowers in the ESG industry was examined using a qualitative, manual content analysis of articles from nine major financial news sites online. The findings of the interviews shed light on how the media provided whistleblowers a platform to expose organizational wrongdoings in the realm of SF. In addition, the content analysis showed that the financial news media provided a forum for information, criticism, and discussion about SF. The results provide innovative insights about whistleblower activities related to SF and greenwashing within the financial industry, and their portrayal in financial news media.
在金融领域,可持续投资正在兴起。然而,可持续金融(SF)行业的诚实性、可靠性和有效性目前正面临着越来越多的指控和批评,包括来自该行业内部个人的指控和批评。本文旨在研究新闻媒体如何为可持续金融行业的举报人发声。为此,本文采用了混合方法。首先,在 2022 年 3 月至 4 月期间,对欧洲 SF/ESG("环境、社会和治理")投资的负责人以及 DWS 举报人 Desiree Fixler 进行了专家访谈。与此同时,通过对九个主要财经新闻网站的在线文章进行定性、人工内容分析,对环境、社会和治理行业两位知名举报人的新闻报道进行了研究。访谈结果揭示了媒体如何为举报人提供平台,揭露顺丰领域的组织不法行为。此外,内容分析还表明,财经新闻媒体为有关 SF 的信息、批评和讨论提供了一个论坛。研究结果为揭露金融业内与顺丰和绿色清洗相关的举报人活动及其在金融新闻媒体中的形象提供了创新性见解。
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引用次数: 0
How journalism adapted the Internet in Germany: Results of six newsroom surveys (1997–2014) 德国新闻业如何适应互联网:六项新闻编辑室调查结果(1997-2014 年)
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241234445
Christoph Neuberger
Based on six newsroom surveys, this article analyzes the history of digital German journalism. The surveys cover a period of 17 years (1997–2014). Periodizing the history of digital journalism into three phases, this article considers the interplay between journalism and journalism research. The results show how journalistic digital media define their role in the relationships between old media and the Internet, digital media and other outlets, and digital media and their audiences. Furthermore, the results substantiate how digital editorial staff define their journalistic identities regarding tasks, rules, and skills. During the first period (surveys conducted in 1997 and 2000), the view from old mass media to the Internet dominated, also in scholarship where the mass media paradigm was extended to the Internet. The second period (surveys conducted in 2006 and 2007) was characterized by clarifying the relationships between journalism and newly emerged outlets. These studies focused on how participative formats (such as Wikipedia and blogs) and search engines could be used for journalistic purposes without compromising quality. These new outlets were not regarded then as much of a threat. This attitude did not change during the third period (surveys conducted in 2010 and 2014). In this phase, too, the studies focused on how editorial staff utilized the ever-increasing number of social media. The six surveys’ different research interests reveal that the reviewed journalism research primarily addressed changing demands in journalistic practice. Therefore, exogenous factors (“the sector”) had a greater impact than endogenous factors (the “scholarship”) on research interests.
本文以六项新闻编辑室调查为基础,分析了德国数字新闻业的发展历程。调查时间跨度为 17 年(1997-2014 年)。本文将数字新闻业的历史划分为三个阶段,探讨了新闻业与新闻研究之间的相互作用。结果显示了新闻数字媒体如何在旧媒体与互联网、数字媒体与其他渠道以及数字媒体与受众之间的关系中确定自己的角色。此外,研究结果还证实了数字编辑人员如何在任务、规则和技能方面界定自己的新闻身份。在第一阶段(1997 年和 2000 年进行的调查),从旧大众媒体到互联网的观点占主导地位,在学术界也是如此,大众媒体的范式被扩展到互联网。第二阶段(2006 年和 2007 年进行的调查)的特点是厘清新闻业与新兴媒体之间的关系。这些研究的重点是如何在不影响质量的前提下将参与式形式(如维基百科和博客)和搜索引擎用于新闻报道。当时,这些新媒体并没有被视为太大的威胁。这种态度在第三阶段(2010 年和 2014 年进行的调查)没有改变。在这一阶段,研究的重点也是编辑人员如何利用日益增多的社交媒体。六项调查的不同研究方向表明,所审查的新闻学研究主要针对新闻实践中不断变化的需求。因此,外在因素("行业")比内在因素("学术")对研究兴趣的影响更大。
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引用次数: 0
The domestication of data journalism in Palestine: Consumption of data-based news stories via social media 数据新闻在巴勒斯坦的本土化:通过社交媒体消费基于数据的新闻报道
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241237651
Shadi Abu-Ayyash, Hussein AlAhmad, Elias Kukali
Data journalism (DJ) stands out as a distinguished contemporary form of news storytelling in which data are simplified and communicated via visuals. It can disseminate knowledge on complex phenomena and contribute to the advancement of journalism. Understanding the motives of readers’ DJ consumption is vital to the understanding of three focal elements in the journalism equation: society, journalists, and news-media institutions. This paper fills a gap in the knowledge about studies in DJ – audience interrelationship, contributing to the understanding of the twinning relationship between domesticating everchanging communication technologies and DJ consumption. The theoretical framework draws on news consumption and domestication theory in examining the way media and communication students in Palestinian universities (hereinafter MC students) interact with DJ-based stories communicated via social media platforms. Surveying MC students ( N = 99) at four prominent Palestinian universities in the West Bank, the paper explores the motivations behind MC students’ DJ consumption, and how recent media technologies might induce its levels of consumption. Targeting Facebook, results show that MC students’ engagement with DJ stories is primarily induced by their interest in the topics presented, with social and human stories as primary topics. Other inducers included visuals, proximity to topics discussed, and familiarity with the publishing source.
数据新闻(DJ)是当代一种杰出的新闻报道形式,它将数据简化并通过视觉效果进行传播。它可以传播有关复杂现象的知识,促进新闻业的发展。了解读者消费数据新闻的动机,对于了解新闻业的三个焦点要素--社会、记者和新闻媒体机构--至关重要。本文填补了 DJ 与受众相互关系研究方面的知识空白,有助于理解日新月异的传播技术驯化与 DJ 消费之间的孪生关系。本文的理论框架借鉴了新闻消费和驯化理论,研究了巴勒斯坦大学媒体与传播专业学生(以下简称 MC 学生)与通过社交媒体平台传播的 DJ 新闻之间的互动方式。本文对约旦河西岸四所著名巴勒斯坦大学的传媒与传播专业学生(N = 99)进行了调查,探讨了传媒与传播专业学生消费 DJ 背后的动机,以及最新的媒体技术会如何诱导其消费水平。以 Facebook 为目标,结果显示,管委会学生对 DJ 故事的参与主要是由于他们对所呈现的主题感兴趣,而社会和人文故事是主要的主题。其他诱因包括视觉效果、与讨论主题的接近程度以及对发布源的熟悉程度。
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引用次数: 0
Different yet complementary: A systematic literature review on data journalism in visualization research and journalism studies 不同但互补:可视化研究和新闻学研究中有关数据新闻的系统文献综述
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241237897
Francesca Morini
This article surveys and compares literature on data journalism from two areas of inquiry: journalism studies and visualization research. As digital interfaces become an important access point for news, journalism and visualization scholars have begun to share a common research interest: data journalism. Given their radically different traditions and histories, these areas follow very different rules in how the topic is approached. The result is two parallel scholarships on data journalism with little points of contact. Arguably, developing research space for encounters and exchange of the two is an opportunity for expanding the academic discourse on data journalism. This study aims at opening this space of exchange through a systematic literature review. 121 articles, published between 2010 and 2023, are analyzed. Findings show that the two areas of research approach data journalism with very different aspirations. In relation to data journalism, journalism studies and visualization research could be compared with Lazersfeld’s distinction between critical and administrative research. These aspects cause various differences at an epistemic level, namely what, how and when knowledge about data journalism is produced.
本文从新闻学研究和可视化研究这两个研究领域出发,对有关数据新闻的文献进行了调查和比较。随着数字界面成为获取新闻的重要途径,新闻学和可视化学者开始分享共同的研究兴趣:数据新闻。由于这两个领域的传统和历史截然不同,因此在处理这一主题时遵循的规则也大相径庭。其结果是,关于数据新闻的两个平行的学术研究几乎没有联系点。可以说,为两者的接触和交流开发研究空间是扩大数据新闻学术话语的一个机会。本研究旨在通过系统的文献综述打开这一交流空间。研究分析了 2010 年至 2023 年间发表的 121 篇文章。研究结果表明,这两个研究领域对数据新闻的追求大相径庭。就数据新闻而言,新闻学研究和可视化研究可与拉泽斯菲尔德对批判性研究和行政研究的区分进行比较。这些方面造成了认识论层面的各种差异,即关于数据新闻的知识是什么、如何以及何时产生的。
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引用次数: 0
Digital reputation indicator: A webometric approach for a global ranking of digital media 数字声誉指标:全球数字媒体排名的网络计量方法
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241237647
Magdalena Trillo-Domínguez, Ramón Salaverría, Lluís Codina, Félix De Moya-Anegón
In this article we present the Digital Reputation Indicator (DRI), an innovative methodological tool that allows evaluating and comparing the reputation of digital news media on a global scale. In use since January 2023 by SCImago Media Rankings ( scimagomedia.com ), DRI is a composite assessment and measurement instrument that weighs web metrics originating from trusted, stable, and globally accessible sources. DRI provides a resource for the qualitative comparison of digital media according to a webometric model based on its level of citation by other websites ( citationflow ), the quality of the sites that link to the media (trustflow) and the level of authority scores associated with their domain (domain rating and authority score). This article explores the reliability of this webometric approach, which overcomes the limitations of the two media measurement paradigms used up to now: the most traditional, based on audience measurement, and the most recent, oriented towards popularity in social networks. In this article we present and test the consistency of the DRI as a resource for the building of a global ranking of digital media, an instrument that we consider to be of interest to both the academic and professional communities.
在本文中,我们介绍了数字声誉指标(DRI),这是一种创新的方法论工具,可以在全球范围内评估和比较数字新闻媒体的声誉。DRI 是 SCImago Media Rankings ( scimagomedia.com ) 自 2023 年 1 月起开始使用的一种综合评估和测量工具,用于衡量来自可信、稳定和全球可访问来源的网络指标。DRI 提供了一种资源,可根据网络计量模型对数字媒体进行定性比较,该模型基于其他网站的引用水平(引用流)、链接到媒体的网站的质量(信任流)以及与其域相关的权威分数水平(域评级和权威分数)。本文探讨了这种网络计量方法的可靠性,这种方法克服了迄今为止使用的两种媒体计量范式的局限性:一种是最传统的以受众计量为基础的范式,另一种是最新的以社交网络流行度为导向的范式。在这篇文章中,我们介绍并测试了 DRI 作为建立全球数字媒体排名的资源的一致性。
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引用次数: 0
Book review: The Routledge companion to freedom of expression and censorship 书评:言论自由与审查制度》(The Routledge companion to freedom of expression and censorship
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241237372
Tom Bradshaw
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引用次数: 0
Book review: News across five continents: Newspaper language in the context of regional and functional variation 书评:跨越五大洲的新闻:地区和功能差异背景下的报纸语言
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241237380
Yuting Jian, Xiaoqin Wu
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引用次数: 0
Going meta: Interaction at the normative boundaries of the news interview 走向元:新闻采访规范边界上的互动
IF 2.9 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1177/14648849241234446
Ian Hutchby
In the modern hybrid media landscape, the relations between journalists and politicians in arenas such as the broadcast news interview can seem less stable. Politicians and their advisors seem increasingly confident in identifying when and how to engage with political interviewers while journalists, in response, feel under pressure to intensify their role as scrutineering tribunes of the people. In such an environment, the normative interactional boundaries of the news interview itself can come under pressure from both sides, and even be breached. This article discusses the phenomenon of ‘going meta’ – occasions in which participants break out of the interview’s interactionally managed frame, and render topical the very practices that, ordinarily, constitute and reproduce the rules of that frame. Going meta is a practice that simultaneously breaches the ‘rules’ of the interview, and invokes the same rules in the construction of complaints about the behaviour of a coparticipant. The analysis shows how interview participants use going meta to raise questions of objectivity, truth, and the interests of ‘the people’, often in moments of heightened conflict talk.
在现代混合媒体环境中,记者与政治家在广播新闻采访等领域的关系似乎不太稳定。政治家及其顾问在确定何时以及如何与政治采访者接触方面似乎越来越自信,而记者则感到压力巨大,必须强化自己作为人民监督员的角色。在这种环境下,新闻采访本身的规范互动界限可能会受到来自双方的压力,甚至被突破。本文讨论了 "走向元 "的现象--在这种情况下,参与者会打破采访的互动管理框架,并使通常构成和再现该框架规则的做法成为话题。元 "是一种同时违反访谈 "规则 "的做法,并在对共同参与者的行为进行投诉时援引同样的规则。分析表明,访谈参与者如何利用 "元 "来提出客观性、真实性和 "人民 "利益的问题,而且往往是在冲突加剧的谈话时刻。
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引用次数: 0
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