Introduction ........................................................................................... 2024 I. The Economics of Pharmaceutical Pricing in the United States: A Broken Market ........................................................................... 2028 II. Market Failure Examples: Hepatitis C Drugs, EpiPen, and Daraprim ................................................................................................... 2033 A. Gilead Sets High Prices for Patented Hepatitis C Treatments 2034 B. Mylan Gradually Aggressively Marketed EpiPens Before Hiking Prices ..................................................................... 2037 C. Turing Leveraged Regulatory Barriers to Increase Price of Daraprim ............................................................................ 2041 III. Current Regulatory Pressure ........................................................... 2044 A. Congressional Hearings ..................................................... 2044 B. Antitrust Laws ................................................................... 2044 C. Targeted Discount and Rebate Programs .......................... 2046 D. 28 U.S.C. § 1498 ................................................................ 2047 1. Problems with Section 1498: Disperse Decision-Making Leads to a Bystander Effect ......................................... 2050 2. Problems with Section 1498: Potential Misapplication to Optimally Incented Products Discourages Investment in Innovation .................................................................... 2050
介绍 ...........................................................................................2024 i在美国药品定价的经济学:破碎的市场 ...........................................................................2028二世。市场失灵的例子:丙型肝炎药物,EpiPen, Daraprim ...................................................................................................2033 A。基列集高价专利丙型肝炎治疗2034 b Mylan逐渐积极销售EpiPens徒步旅行之前的价格 .....................................................................2037 c图灵杠杆增加Daraprim价格监管障碍 ............................................................................2041 III。当前的监管压力 ...........................................................2044 A。国会听证会 .....................................................2044 b .反垄断法 ...................................................................2044 c .针对性的折扣和回扣计划 ..........................2046 d . 28事项§1498 ................................................................2047年1。1498年问题部分:分散决策导致了旁观者效应 .........................................2050 2。第1498节:问题潜在的滥用最佳鼓励产品阻碍了对创新的投资 ....................................................................2050
{"title":"The Pharmaceutical Access Act: An Administrative Eminent Domain Solution to High Drug Prices","authors":"Brittany S. Bruns","doi":"10.15779/Z38V97ZR9S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15779/Z38V97ZR9S","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction ........................................................................................... 2024 I. The Economics of Pharmaceutical Pricing in the United States: A Broken Market ........................................................................... 2028 II. Market Failure Examples: Hepatitis C Drugs, EpiPen, and Daraprim ................................................................................................... 2033 A. Gilead Sets High Prices for Patented Hepatitis C Treatments 2034 B. Mylan Gradually Aggressively Marketed EpiPens Before Hiking Prices ..................................................................... 2037 C. Turing Leveraged Regulatory Barriers to Increase Price of Daraprim ............................................................................ 2041 III. Current Regulatory Pressure ........................................................... 2044 A. Congressional Hearings ..................................................... 2044 B. Antitrust Laws ................................................................... 2044 C. Targeted Discount and Rebate Programs .......................... 2046 D. 28 U.S.C. § 1498 ................................................................ 2047 1. Problems with Section 1498: Disperse Decision-Making Leads to a Bystander Effect ......................................... 2050 2. Problems with Section 1498: Potential Misapplication to Optimally Incented Products Discourages Investment in Innovation .................................................................... 2050","PeriodicalId":51452,"journal":{"name":"California Law Review","volume":"106 1","pages":"2023"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67565620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the Federalist Papers, James Madison famously called the power of the purse “the most complete and effectual weapon” of the representatives of the people, as part of his defense of the fledgling Constitution. In practical terms, Madison’s claim has proven true time and time again—with Congress using appropriations bills to assert extensive control over the modern administrative state. In legal terms, however, the power of the purse has received remarkably short shrift in both scholarship and case law, especially regarding the relationship between congressional appropriations and the separation of powers doctrine. Specifically, there is no Supreme Court opinion or body of research that systematically defines how appropriations may influence the President’s independent constitutional functions.
{"title":"The Duty to Appropriate: Why Congress Has a Constitutional Obligation to Fund Criminal Law Enforcement","authors":"Daniel Martin","doi":"10.15779/Z38VM42X44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15779/Z38VM42X44","url":null,"abstract":"In the Federalist Papers, James Madison famously called the power of the purse “the most complete and effectual weapon” of the representatives of the people, as part of his defense of the fledgling Constitution. In practical terms, Madison’s claim has proven true time and time again—with Congress using appropriations bills to assert extensive control over the modern administrative state. In legal terms, however, the power of the purse has received remarkably short shrift in both scholarship and case law, especially regarding the relationship between congressional appropriations and the separation of powers doctrine. Specifically, there is no Supreme Court opinion or body of research that systematically defines how appropriations may influence the President’s independent constitutional functions.","PeriodicalId":51452,"journal":{"name":"California Law Review","volume":"106 1","pages":"511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67567174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Second Redemption, Third Reconstruction","authors":"Richard A. Primus","doi":"10.15779/Z383R0PT5J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15779/Z383R0PT5J","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51452,"journal":{"name":"California Law Review","volume":"106 1","pages":"1987"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67393993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Racial Justice in the Age of Diversity","authors":"Goodwin Liu","doi":"10.15779/Z38CF9J675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15779/Z38CF9J675","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51452,"journal":{"name":"California Law Review","volume":"106 1","pages":"1977"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67449758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Global South Empowerment or Business as Usual: The Challenges Presented by the New Development Bank’s and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank’s Accountability Mechanisms","authors":"S. Mirza","doi":"10.15779/Z381Z41S9V","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15779/Z381Z41S9V","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51452,"journal":{"name":"California Law Review","volume":"106 1","pages":"929"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67381018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Clean Slate Case Study of Community Lawyering","authors":"Theresa Zhen, V. Naik","doi":"10.15779/Z38251FK23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15779/Z38251FK23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51452,"journal":{"name":"California Law Review","volume":"106 1","pages":"557"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67382173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Right To Rational Juries? How Jury Instructions Create The “Bionic Juror” In Criminal Proceedings Involving DNA Match Evidence","authors":"P. Chaudhuri","doi":"10.15779/Z38183426H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15779/Z38183426H","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51452,"journal":{"name":"California Law Review","volume":"105 1","pages":"1807"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67375337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Bay, F. Gamal, Whitney Rubenstein, Kate Weisburd
{"title":"A Voice of Their Own: Youth-Centered Representation at EBCLC","authors":"R. Bay, F. Gamal, Whitney Rubenstein, Kate Weisburd","doi":"10.15779/Z38SQ8QH7H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15779/Z38SQ8QH7H","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51452,"journal":{"name":"California Law Review","volume":"106 1","pages":"565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67551561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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