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Self-Repeats-as-Unit-Ends: A Practice for Promoting Interactivity During Surgeons’ Decision-Related Informings 单元结束时自我重复:促进外科医生决策相关信息互动的实践
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.1080/08351813.2022.2075641
Isobel Ross, M. Stubbe
ABSTRACT Although information provision is a prerequisite of informed decision making in surgical consultations, research has shown that patients’ understanding of such information is often limited. We use conversation analysis to illustrate patients’ and surgeons’ management of interactivity, intersubjectivity, and progressivity during information provision, which frequently takes the form of extended tellings. In the midtelling phase of extended tellings, the surgeon is the primary speaker and patients orient to the temporary suspension of the usual turn-taking system. On the rare occasions that patients do take the floor midtelling, it is overwhelmingly following surgeons’ self-repeats-as-unit-ends, which include gist formulations. We argue that surgeons’ self-repeats-as-unit-ends are a practice for encouraging interactivity during extended tellings and as a consequence for facilitating shared understanding of decision-relevant information. Data are in English.
摘要尽管在外科会诊中,提供信息是做出知情决策的先决条件,但研究表明,患者对此类信息的理解往往有限。我们使用对话分析来说明患者和外科医生在信息提供过程中对互动性、主体间性和渐进性的管理,这通常采取扩展讲述的形式。在延长演讲的中间阶段,外科医生是主要发言人,患者倾向于暂时暂停通常的轮流发言系统。在极少数情况下,患者确实在进行中期推销,这绝大多数是遵循外科医生的自我重复作为单元结束,其中包括要点配方。我们认为,外科医生在单元结束时的自我重复是一种鼓励在长时间讲述过程中互动的做法,也是促进对决策相关信息的共同理解的结果。数据为英文。
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引用次数: 0
Depictive Hand Gestures as Candidate Understandings 描绘手势作为候选人的理解
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/08351813.2022.2067425
Anna-Kaisa Jokipohja, Niina Lilja
ABSTRACT This article uses multimodal CA to analyze depictive hand gestures that are used to check understanding of the co-participant’s preceding action. Drawing on data from cooking and farming interactions, the analysis scrutinizes how depictive gestures come to be treated as other-initiations of repair. The analysis shows that relevant factors in this are: (a) the gesture’s design, i.e., its form and movement in relation to the material ecology of the interaction, including relevant objects; (b) the gesture’s position and timing in the unfolding sequence; (c) the embodied participation framework, including the body positions and gaze patterns of all participants; and (d) the participants’ shared knowledge and understanding of the broader activity context, including their familiarity with the ingredients and dishes in-the-making. The analysis contributes to research on gestural depiction in human meaning making and to the study of embodiment in repair organization. The data are in Finnish with English translations.
本文使用多模态CA来分析用于检查共同参与者先前动作理解的描述性手势。根据烹饪和农业互动的数据,该分析仔细研究了描绘手势如何被视为修复的其他开始。分析表明,其中的相关因素有:(a)手势的设计,即手势的形式和运动与交互的物质生态(包括相关物体)有关;(b)手势在展开序列中的位置和时间;(c)具体参与框架,包括所有参与者的身体位置和凝视模式;(d)参与者对更广泛的活动背景的共享知识和理解,包括他们对食材和菜肴制作的熟悉程度。这一分析有助于研究手势在人类意义建构中的描述,以及在修复组织中的体现。这些数据是芬兰语的,有英语翻译。
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引用次数: 4
The Bias Toward Single-Unit Turns in Conversation 会话中对单一单位转折的偏见
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/08351813.2022.2067436
Jeffrey D. Robinson, Christoph Rühlemann, Daniel Taylor Rodriguez
ABSTRACT Sacks, Schegloff, and Jefferson argued that the rules for turn taking for conversation involve a confluence of pressures that bias turn size toward single turn constructional units (TCUs), which leads to an empirical prediction that turns are more likely to be composed of single (vs. multiple) TCUs. We directly test and confirm this “single-TCU bias” by using conversation analysis, corpus linguistics, and Bayesian statistics to assess the conversational subcorpus of the British National Corpus (BNC-C), which contains 475,509 turns of talk. Our results confirm this bias, showing that 67% of turns are composed of single TCUs; we discuss why this estimate is conservative. The mean word length for single-TCU turns was 4.5 (SD = 3.4), compared to 19.9 (SD = 22.6) for multi-TCU turns. Our findings reinforce the ideas that the natural habitat for an accountable social action is the single TCU (vs. the turn), and that interaction is fundamentally organized (i.e., both produced and understood) on an action-by-action basis, which is a TCU-by-TCU basis. Data are in British English.
摘要Sacks、Schegloff和Jefferson认为,会话中的转向规则涉及一系列压力,这些压力使转向大小偏向于单转向结构单元(TCU),这导致了一种经验预测,即转向更有可能由单个(相对于多个)TCU组成。我们通过使用会话分析、语料库语言学和贝叶斯统计来评估英国国家语料库(BNC-C)的会话子语料库,直接测试和证实了这种“单一TCU偏见”,该语料库包含475509个会话转折。我们的结果证实了这种偏差,表明67%的匝由单个TCU组成;我们讨论为什么这个估计是保守的。单个TCU匝的平均字长为4.5(SD=3.4),而多个TCU匝为19.9(SD=22.6)。我们的研究结果强化了这样一种观点,即负责任的社会行动的自然栖息地是单一的TCU(相对于回合),互动是在逐个行动的基础上从根本上组织起来的(即产生和理解),这是逐个TCU的基础。数据采用英国英语。
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引用次数: 2
Loosely Portrayed Speech in Interaction: Constructing Multiple Complainable Utterances 互动中的松散刻画言语:构建多个可抱怨话语
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/08351813.2022.2067424
E. Holt
ABSTRACT Conversation analysis is used in investigating the interactional uses of loosely portrayed speech in interaction. This device combines elements of direct and indirect portrayal, conveying some fidelity to an original while, at the same time, indicating that it is not verbatim enactment of specific utterances. The instances in the current collection are in English, deriving from informal interaction, mainly telephone calls recorded in the UK and USA. They occur in complaints about a third party, recurrently by portraying the reported speaker’s criticisms of the current speaker. The reported speaker is depicted as making multiple criticisms, which adds to the reprehensible nature of their actions. By constructing the reported speaker’s actions, and, at the same time, indicating the stance of the current speaker toward them, the complained-about speaker’s behavior is portrayed as infringing the moral order and therefore the complaint as legitimate. Data are in British and American English.
会话分析用于研究松散描述的言语在互动中的互动使用。这种装置结合了直接和间接刻画的元素,传达了对原作的一些忠实,同时表明它不是对特定话语的逐字逐句的演绎。目前收集的例子是英文的,来源于非正式互动,主要是在英国和美国记录的电话。它们发生在对第三方的投诉中,通过描述报告的发言人对现任发言人的批评而反复出现。被报道的发言人被描述为提出了多项批评,这增加了他们行为的应受谴责性。通过构建被报告说话者的行为,同时表明当前说话者对他们的立场,被投诉说话者的行为被描述为违反道德秩序,因此投诉是合法的。数据采用英国和美国英语。
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引用次数: 2
Guiding Children to Respond: Prioritizing Children’s Participation Over Interaction Progression 引导儿童回应:优先考虑儿童的参与而不是互动进展
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/08351813.2022.2075652
Ruey-Ying Liu
ABSTRACT When adults select young children to answer questions, children’s delays and troubles in responding may lead to a tension between child participation and the preference for progressivity that normally applies to conversations among adults. Drawing on everyday adult-child conversational data, this study focuses on question-answer sequences in which the selected child does not respond in a timely or adequate manner and examines how co-present, nonselected adults balance between progressivity and the need to facilitate child participation. The analysis shows that adults tend to manage this balance by prioritizing child participation over progressivity, thereby socializing children to achieve interactional autonomy. This ordering of preferences in adult-child interaction is in contrast with previous findings in adult conversation. This study provides empirical evidence of the ways adults prioritize child participation and socialize children into active responsive participation in conversation. Data are in Mandarin and English.
摘要:当成年人选择年幼的儿童回答问题时,儿童在回答问题时的拖延和麻烦可能会导致儿童参与与通常适用于成年人之间对话的进步偏好之间的紧张关系。根据日常成人-儿童对话数据,本研究重点关注被选中的儿童没有及时或充分回应的问答序列,并考察了共同在场、未被选中的成年人如何在进步性和促进儿童参与的必要性之间取得平衡。分析表明,成年人倾向于通过将儿童参与置于进步之上来管理这种平衡,从而使儿童社交以实现互动自主。这种在成人与儿童互动中的偏好排序与之前在成人对话中的发现形成了对比。这项研究提供了经验证据,证明成年人如何优先考虑儿童参与,并将儿童社会化为积极参与对话。数据为中文和英文。
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引用次数: 2
Co-Animation in Troubles-Talk 共同动画在麻烦-谈话
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/08351813.2022.2026169
M. Cantarutti
ABSTRACT Through troubles-talk, participants disclose and negatively assess unfortunate past or habitual happenings and offenses, and these are often vividly staged in the here and now by temporarily “doing being” past Self or others, what we call animation. In this study, we show how by animating their own affective reactions toward the recounted experiences, tellers cast themselves as victims and their recipients as witnesses. More importantly, we demonstrate how animation is also a relevant practice for recipients, who in a contiguous position often offer a responsive co-animation of the same figure, validating and amplifying their teller’s affective displays, turning the experience into a common cause. This study contributes further to our understanding of empathic responses in troubles-talk in English by inscribing co-animation as a previously undescribed alternative at the response slot that allows recipients to temporarily position themselves “into the moment” as co-victims, co-experiencers, and co-sanctioners. Data are in English.
通过倾诉烦恼,参与者揭示并消极地评价过去不幸的或习惯性的事件和过错,而这些通常通过暂时的“过去的自我”或“过去的他人”生动地呈现在此时此地,我们称之为动画。在这项研究中,我们展示了如何通过激活他们自己对叙述经历的情感反应,讲述者将自己塑造成受害者,而将他们的接受者塑造成证人。更重要的是,我们展示了动画对接受者来说也是一种相关的实践,他们在一个连续的位置上经常提供相同人物的响应性共同动画,验证和放大他们的讲话者的情感表现,将体验变成一个共同的原因。本研究通过将共同动画作为先前描述的另一种选择,在回应槽中添加了共同动画,使接受者能够暂时将自己定位为“当下”的共同受害者、共同经历者和共同制裁者,从而进一步帮助我们理解英语麻烦谈话中的共情反应。数据是英文的。
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引用次数: 7
Indicating Difficulty in Describing Something in Words: The Use of Koo in Word Searches in Japanese Talk-in-Interaction 用语言描述事物时的指示困难:日语对话中“Koo”在词搜索中的应用
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/08351813.2022.2026170
Shuya Kushida, Makoto Hayashi
ABSTRACT This study explores how the lexical hesitator koo is used to initiate or continue word searches in Japanese talk-in-interaction. The word koo (“like this,” “in this manner”) is canonically used as a proximal demonstrative adverb of manner, often accompanied by a depicting gesture. We argue that because of its continuity with the canonical use, the hesitator koo (a) projects a descriptive term as a possible search outcome, and (b) indicates difficulty in describing in words what the speaker wants to say. In addition to initiating or continuing a search, the hesitator koo provides information about the type and nature of the resolution of search, thereby enhancing the intersubjectivity of the search process. This study contributes to our understanding of the organization of self-initiated same-turn repair by identifying the function of a particular lingistic resource used for it. Data are in Japanese with English translation.
摘要本研究探讨了日语对话中词汇犹豫者koo在启动或继续词语搜索中的作用。“koo”(“像这样”,“以这种方式”)一词通常用作方式的近端指示副词,通常伴随着描绘手势。我们认为,由于其与规范用法的连续性,犹豫者koo (a)将描述性术语作为可能的搜索结果,并且(b)表明难以用语言描述说话者想说的话。除了发起或继续搜索之外,犹豫者koo还提供了有关搜索解决的类型和性质的信息,从而增强了搜索过程的主体间性。本研究通过确定一种特定的语言资源的功能,有助于我们理解自我发起的同转修复的组织。资料为日文,附有英文翻译。
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引用次数: 1
Apologizing in Elementary School Peer Conflict Mediation 小学同伴冲突调解中的道歉
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/08351813.2022.2026168
Rosa Korpela, Salla Kurhila, Melisa Stevanovic
ABSTRACT We analyze apologizing as part of the institutional agenda of school mediation in Finland. When primary school teachers intervene to mediate a dispute, the children orient to apologizing as a ritualized, expected, and recognizable action that resolves the matter. Teachers build, step by step, a sequence that, when preconditions are met, results in the parties involved in the dispute producing the uniquely explicit apology exchange “I apologize”—“apology accepted.” We discuss the action of apologizing as involving an interdependence and tension between sincerity and rituality. Data are in Finnish with English translation.
摘要:我们分析了道歉作为芬兰学校调解制度议程的一部分。当小学老师介入调解纠纷时,孩子们倾向于将道歉作为一种仪式化、预期化和可识别的行为来解决问题。教师们一步一步地构建一个序列,当先决条件得到满足时,争端各方会产生独特的明确道歉交流“我道歉”——“接受道歉”。我们将道歉行为视为真诚和仪式之间的相互依存和紧张关系。数据为芬兰语,并有英文翻译。
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引用次数: 2
On Being Known: Displays of Familiarity in Italian Café Encounters 论被人熟知:意大利咖啡馆邂逅中的熟悉表现
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/08351813.2022.2026167
Federica D’Antoni, Elwys De Stefani
ABSTRACT This article explores the embodied and linguistic practices by which visitors and staff members of cafés display recognition of and mutual familiarity with each other. Based on video data collected in two Italian cafés, we use conversation analysis to examine two sequential positions where displays of familiarity are salient, i.e., the initial moments of the encounter and the placement of the order. We demonstrate that individuals rely on reciprocal visual perception, embodied and vocal resources, in particular greetings, to display their service-related recognition and acquaintanceship. We identify three ways in which a café service between “frequently attending visitors” and “usual staff members” can be initiated: (a) the customer places an order (in a sequentially delayed position), (b) the barista articulates a “candidate order,” (c) no vocal order is articulated by either party. We show that these practices crucially rely on the knowledge the “recurrent parties” share of each other. Data are in Italian and Friulian.
摘要本文探讨了咖啡馆的访客和工作人员相互认可和熟悉的具体语言实践。基于在两家意大利咖啡馆收集的视频数据,我们使用对话分析来检查两个顺序的位置,在这两个位置上,熟悉的表现是显著的,即相遇的最初时刻和订单的放置。我们证明,个人依靠相互的视觉感知、体现和声音资源,特别是问候语,来显示他们与服务相关的认可和熟悉。我们确定了三种方式,可以在“常客”和“普通员工”之间启动咖啡馆服务:(a)顾客下订单(按顺序延迟),(b)咖啡师说出“候选订单”,(c)任何一方都没有说出明确的订单。我们表明,这些做法在很大程度上依赖于“经常发生的一方”相互分享的知识。数据采用意大利语和弗留利语。
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引用次数: 2
Using Categories to Assert Authority in Murrinhpatha-Speaking Children’s Talk 用范畴维护Murrinhpatha-Speaking儿童语言中的权威
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/08351813.2022.2026161
Lucinda Davidson
ABSTRACT Children, like speakers more generally, often use categories of person, place, and activity (e.g., doctor, school, bedtime) to frame and monitor interactions among themselves. This article explores the use of categories by a group of Murrinhpatha-speaking Aboriginal children in Wadeye, northern Australia, when attempting to assert authority. The creation and negotiation of power asymmetries are a common feature of children’s peer talk worldwide but analyzed here for the first time among speakers of a traditional Australian language. Analysis suggests that although there are similarities with children from other sociocultural/linguistic contexts, there are differences in these children’s choice of membership categories (e.g., husband, country) and how they deploy and react to them (e.g., by ambiguity and by silence respectively). Such differences highlight the connection between language, society, and the interactional resources available to speakers as well as reinforcing the merit of studying membership categorization in children’s talk. Data in Murrinhpatha with English translation.
摘要儿童和一般的演讲者一样,经常使用人、地点和活动类别(如医生、学校、就寝时间)来构建和监控他们之间的互动。本文探讨了澳大利亚北部Wadeye的一群讲Murrinhpatha语的土著儿童在试图维护权威时使用的类别。权力不对称的产生和协商是世界各地儿童同伴谈话的一个共同特征,但在这里,这是第一次在使用传统澳大利亚语言的人中进行分析。分析表明,尽管与其他社会文化/语言背景下的儿童有相似之处,但这些儿童对成员类别的选择(例如,丈夫、国家)以及他们如何部署和应对这些类别(例如,分别通过模糊和沉默)存在差异。这些差异突出了语言、社会和演讲者可用的互动资源之间的联系,并强化了在儿童演讲中研究成员分类的优点。Murrinhpatha数据及英文翻译。
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引用次数: 0
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Research on Language and Social Interaction
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