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Self-Reformulation as a Preemptive Practice in Talk Addressed to L2 Users 自我重构:对第二语言使用者演讲的先发制人实践
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/08351813.2023.2235967
Jan Svennevig
ABSTRACT Self-reformulation is when a speaker produces a “second saying” of something, changing the wording but keeping the semantic content more or less unaltered. This conversational practice may constitute a method for avoiding potential understanding problems in talk addressed to second language users. Speakers preempt problems by substituting a potentially problematic word or construction with a version that is more recipient designed—that is, better adapted to the assumed linguistic competence and background knowledge of the interlocutor. The reformulations are self-initiated but may be triggered by a lack of response by the interlocutor. They may substitute for the original formulation by an alternative referring expression or by an explanation of word meaning. While most reformulations display an orientation to simplifying the wording, some instances involve reformulation from an everyday term to a technical one, displaying an orientation to language teaching. Data are in Norwegian.
自我重塑是指说话者在改变措辞的同时,或多或少地保持语义内容不变,对某件事做出“第二种说法”。这种会话练习可能是一种避免与第二语言使用者交谈时潜在的理解问题的方法。说话者会先发制人,用更适合接受者的方式来替换可能有问题的词或结构——也就是说,更适应对话者假定的语言能力和背景知识。重新表述是自我发起的,但也可能因对话者缺乏回应而触发。他们可以用另一种指称表达或对词义的解释来代替原来的表述。虽然大多数的重新表述倾向于简化措辞,但有些例子涉及从日常术语到技术术语的重新表述,显示出语言教学的倾向。数据为挪威语。
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引用次数: 0
How to respond when patients invoke a diagnosis for themselves: Evidence from a nurse’s response practices in personality disorder interviews 当患者自己提出诊断时如何应对:来自护士在人格障碍访谈中的应对实践的证据
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/08351813.2023.2235958
Maarit Lehtinen, M. Pino
ABSTRACT What is going on when a psychiatric patient claims a psychiatric diagnosis for themselves which is different from the one a practitioner is investigating? We analyze cases from 10 interviews between psychiatric patients and a nurse using a formal interview schedule to assess whether the patient has a personality disorder. When the patient invokes (temporary) depression to explain some of their experiences or life circumstances, the nurse then has to handle that, while dispassionately pursuing an interview schedule that is, on the contrary, predicated on the diagnosis being a long-term personality disorder. We show how the nurse balances respect for the patient’s account while also performing her institutional duties. The data are in Finnish.
当精神病患者声称自己的精神病诊断与医生正在调查的诊断不同时,会发生什么?我们分析了精神病患者和护士之间的10个访谈案例,使用正式的访谈时间表来评估患者是否患有人格障碍。当病人用(暂时的)抑郁来解释他们的一些经历或生活环境时,护士就必须处理它,同时冷静地按照面谈时间表进行,相反,这是以诊断为长期人格障碍为前提的。我们展示了护士如何平衡尊重病人的账户,同时也履行她的机构职责。数据是用芬兰语写的。
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引用次数: 0
Relocating to Depict: Managing the Interactional Agenda at Opera Rehearsals 重新定位描绘:在歌剧排练中管理互动议程
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/08351813.2023.2235968
Agnes Löfgren
ABSTRACT A performer in an opera has to portray the character they are playing not only through the music but also in their visuospatial behaviors on stage. This article is about how performers and directors negotiate such portrayals through depictions that make proposed actions available for the other participants. The focus is on how depictions are initiated, through relocations in space, and how these initiations are responded to. We see how performer and director collaboratively manage the complex visuospatial requirements of a successful rehearsal. Data are in Swedish and English.
摘要歌剧演员不仅要通过音乐,还要通过舞台上的视觉空间行为来刻画他们所扮演的角色。这篇文章是关于表演者和导演如何通过描绘来协商这些描绘,从而使其他参与者可以使用拟议的动作。重点是如何通过在空间中的重新定位来启动描绘,以及如何应对这些启动。我们看到表演者和导演如何合作管理成功排练的复杂视觉空间要求。数据为瑞典语和英语。
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引用次数: 0
Making a Mistake, or Cheating: Two Sequential Trajectories in Corrections of Rule Violations 犯错误还是作弊:违规行为纠正的两个顺序轨迹
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/08351813.2023.2205300
Hanna Svensson, Burak S. Tekin
ABSTRACT What happens when a player in a game makes a move that may violate a basic rule? We address this question by analyzing amateur pétanque play, in which participants, from the same throwing position, try to land their throwing balls as close as possible to a target ball. We examine what happens when someone stands in the “wrong” place to throw, and find two distinct sequential trajectories that this projectable violation occasions: (a) The complainant uses a minimal correction format (with address terms, pointing gestures, and indexical expressions), treating the mispositioning as a mistake; (b) the complainant solicits an account for the mispositioning (with a why-interrogative format that attributes knowledge and intentionality to the player), which leads to the accusation of cheating. Data include video recordings of naturally occurring game play, and the participants use English as a lingua franca, although they sometimes resort to Swiss German, French, and Portuguese.
当玩家在游戏中做出可能违反基本规则的举动时会发生什么?我们通过分析业余的psamtanque游戏来解决这个问题,在这个游戏中,参与者从相同的投掷位置,试图让他们的投掷球尽可能靠近目标球。我们研究了当有人站在“错误”的地方扔东西时会发生什么,并发现了这种可投射的违规行为的两个不同的顺序轨迹:(a)投诉人使用了最小的纠正格式(使用称呼术语,指向手势和索引表达式),将错误定位视为错误;(b)投诉人要求解释错误定位的原因(以“为什么问”的形式,将知情和故意归因于玩家),这导致了对作弊的指控。数据包括自然发生的游戏过程的视频记录,参与者使用英语作为通用语,尽管他们有时会使用瑞士德语、法语和葡萄牙语。
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引用次数: 0
Shared Knowledge as an Account for Disaffiliative Moves: Hebrew ki ‘Because’-Clauses Accompanied by the Palm-Up Open-Hand Gesture 共同的知识作为敌对动作的解释:希伯来语ki“因为”从句伴随着手掌向上张开的手势
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/08351813.2023.2205302
Anna Inbar, Y. Maschler
ABSTRACT Exploring the grammar–body interface, the present study examines employment of Hebrew causal clauses prefaced by the conjunction ki “because” in responsive disaffiliative moves. We show that in such environments, ki-clauses tend to convey information that appeals to the participants’ shared knowledge and to be accompanied by the Palm Up Open Hand gesture (PUOH). We argue that the PUOH in such contexts constitutes an embodied epistemic stance marker functioning to present the account prefaced by ki as based on shared knowledge, in pursuit of intersubjectivity and a shared perspective. The reference to shared epistemic access implies an interpretation of the disaffiliative move as reasonable under the circumstances provided by the account, inviting co-participants to display affiliation. The study thus validates that causality is a socially constructed, complex configuration that may include the speaker’s epistemic stance toward the actions accomplished in an interaction and suggests an interactional source for their interrelatedness. Data are in Hebrew
摘要本研究通过探索语法-身体界面,考察了希伯来语因果从句在回应性否定动作中以连词ki“因为”开头的使用情况。我们发现,在这种环境中,ki子句倾向于传达吸引参与者共享知识的信息,并伴随着手掌向上张开的手势(PUOH)。我们认为,在这种背景下,PUOH构成了一个具体的认识立场标记,其作用是将以ki开头的叙述呈现为基于共享知识,追求主体间性和共享视角。对共享认知访问的提及意味着在账户提供的情况下,对非合作行为的解释是合理的,邀请共同参与者展示合作关系。因此,该研究验证了因果关系是一种社会构建的复杂结构,可能包括说话者对互动中完成的行为的认识立场,并为其相互关系提供了互动来源。数据为希伯来语
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引用次数: 1
Audible Inhalation as a Practice for Mitigating Systemic Turn-Taking Troubles: A Conjecture 听觉吸入作为减轻全身轮转问题的实践:一个猜想
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/08351813.2023.2205306
Jeffrey D. Robinson
ABSTRACT Extending Jefferson’s analysis of the limited utility of turn-constructional-unit (TCU)-initial particles in managing overlapping talk, this article limits itself to a similar turn-taking context/position in which current speakers bring TCUs to places of possible completion when it is relevant for next speakers to take a turn of talk. This article examines situations in which current speakers continue to audibly inhale in the transition space, arguing that inhalations (a) are pre-beginning actions; (b) bestow a weaker right to speak next than does talk; (c) are not accountable for obscuring next speakers’ talk (if it eventuates); (d) allow for beginning TCUs while monitoring for next speakers’ talk, thereby allowing inhalers to proceed contingently based on next speakers’ unfolding conduct; and (e) are used to mitigate the systemic turn-taking troubles of “no person speaking at a time” and “more than one person speaking at a time.” Data are videotapes of mundane, dyadic, American English conversation.
摘要本文扩展了Jefferson对回合结构单元(TCU)-初始粒子在管理重叠话语中的有限效用的分析,将自己局限于一个类似的回合转换上下文/位置,即当前说话者在与下一个说话者进行回合转换相关时,将TCU带到可能完成的地方。本文研究了当前说话者在过渡空间中继续进行可听吸气的情况,认为吸气(a)是开始前的动作;(b) 给予比说话更弱的发言权;(c) 不负责掩盖下一位发言人的发言(如果最终);(d) 允许在监测下一位发言者讲话的同时开始TCU,从而允许吸入器根据下一位发言人的展开行为临时进行;和(e)用于缓解“一次没有人说话”和“一次不止一个人说话”的系统性转折问题。数据是平凡的、二元的美式英语对话的录像带。
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引用次数: 0
Designing Talk for Humans and Horses: Prosody as a Resource for Parallel Recipient Design 为人类和马设计谈话:韵律作为并行接受者设计的资源
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/08351813.2023.2170638
B. S. Reed
ABSTRACT This analysis shows how, in horse-riding lessons, riding instructors use prosody and other sound patterns to design their talk for human and equine recipients at the same time, while orienting to distinct contributions from each. Practices for doing so include nonlexical vocalizations, marked prosodic delivery, and conventionalized lexical-prosodic bundles. Parallel recipient design allows turn-holders to pursue a single activity that is to be performed jointly by the recipient pair. Parallel recipient design is shown to be distinct from alternating recipient design, to be found during multiactivity. Parallel recipient design can be delivered consecutively, with talk designed to mobilize the rider followed by talk designed to mobilize the horse; or simultaneously, with lexical items performing one action to the rider and their prosodic delivery performing another action to the horse. The data are recordings of naturally occurring horse-riding lessons, mostly in English; some data are in German, with English translations.
本文分析了在马术课程中,马术教练如何使用韵律和其他声音模式来同时为人类和马的接受者设计他们的谈话,同时针对每个人的不同贡献。这样做的实践包括非词汇发声,标记韵律传递和约定俗成的词汇韵律束。并行接收者设计允许回合持有者追求由接收者对共同执行的单一活动。平行接受者设计被证明是不同于交替接受者设计,发现在多活动。平行的接受者设计可以连续地传递,先用说话来调动骑手,然后用说话来调动马匹;或者同时,词汇项目对骑手执行一个动作,而它们的韵律传递对马执行另一个动作。这些数据是自然发生的骑马课程的录音,大部分是英语的;部分资料为德文,并附有英文翻译。
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引用次数: 2
Toward a Grammar of Danish Talk-in-Interaction: From Action Formation to Grammatical Description 丹麦语交际语法研究——从动作构成到语法描述
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/08351813.2023.2205304
J. Steensig, Maria Jørgensen, N. Mikkelsen, Karita Suomalainen, S. S. Sørensen
ABSTRACT Is it possible to develop a comprehensive grammar of talk-in-interaction for a specific language based on descriptions of social actions? This is the question we will try to answer in this article. The article is based on the work of the project The Grammar in Everyday Life, which aims to build a systematic grammatical description of Danish talk-in-interaction based on descriptions of social action formats within three domains: question–answer sequences, commissive–directive sequences, and the negotiation of participation during longer spates of talk. Our ambition is to build a grammar that takes into consideration how talk is used in the real-time unfolding of interaction to do actions and to negotiate relationships. Through a presentation of three formats, we discuss how a grammatical description can be organized, how granular it should be, if and how traditional grammatical categories can be used, and how prosodic and embodied features could be included. Data are in Danish.
是否有可能根据对社会行为的描述,为特定语言开发一种全面的互动对话语法?这是我们将在本文中尝试回答的问题。本文基于“日常生活中的语法”项目的工作,该项目旨在基于对三个领域的社会行为格式的描述,建立丹麦语互动对话的系统语法描述:问答序列,委托-指令序列,以及在更长时间的谈话中参与的谈判。我们的目标是建立一种语法,考虑如何在实时展开的互动中使用对话来执行操作和协商关系。通过三种格式的介绍,我们讨论了如何组织语法描述,它应该如何细化,是否以及如何使用传统的语法类别,以及如何包括韵律和具体化特征。数据为丹麦语。
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引用次数: 0
Anticipation and Delivery of a Personality Disorder Diagnosis in Psychiatry 精神病学中人格障碍诊断的预期与传递
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/08351813.2023.2170635
Liisa Voutilainen, A. Peräkylä
ABSTRACT A personality disorder (PD) diagnosis can be considered by a patient to be stigmatizing. This presents interactional challenges for the clinician who makes the diagnosis and communicates it to the patient.Through an analysis of video-recorded clinical interviews of PD patients, we explore the anticipation and delivery of the diagnosis in psychiatry. The method of the study is conversation analysis (CA). The diagnostic evaluation process of each patient extends over a number of clinical interviews. At the beginning of the process, the clinicians speak about the personality disorder diagnosis in an anticipatory manner. At the end of the process, they eventually communicate it to the patients. This analysis focuses on the interactional practices used by psychiatrists to help a patient “save face” when mentioning the (prospective) diagnosis. We demonstrate that both the avoidance and corrective practices of face work occur in the data. Even with these prartices, the delivery of the diagnosis to the patent can lead to conflict. We conclude that, in extended diagnostic evaluation processes, the preparatory work by the clinician is important to secure patient participation.The data for this analysis are in Finnish.
摘要人格障碍(PD)的诊断可以被患者视为污名化。这给做出诊断并与患者沟通的临床医生带来了互动挑战。通过对PD患者临床访谈录像的分析,我们探讨了精神病学中对诊断的预期和交付。研究方法为会话分析法。每个患者的诊断评估过程都要经过多次临床访谈。在这个过程的开始,临床医生以预期的方式谈论人格障碍的诊断。在这个过程结束时,他们最终将其传达给患者。这项分析侧重于精神科医生在提及(前瞻性)诊断时帮助患者“挽回面子”的互动实践。我们证明,在数据中既有面部工作的回避做法,也有矫正做法。即使使用了这些药物,将诊断结果提交给专利也可能导致冲突。我们得出的结论是,在扩展的诊断评估过程中,临床医生的准备工作对于确保患者参与非常重要。此分析的数据为芬兰语。
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引用次数: 1
Sequence Facilitation: Grandparents Engineering Parent–Child Interactions in Video Calls 序列促进:祖父母在视频通话中设计亲子互动
IF 2.7 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/08351813.2023.2170640
Yumei Gan, C. Greiffenhagen, Kobin H. Kendrick
ABSTRACT Completing a sequence of actions is a basic problem of social organization for participants. When a first pair-part is addressed to a not yet fully competent member, such as a young child, a third party can facilitate the completion of the sequence through diverse linguistic, embodied, and material practices. In this article, we examine such sequence facilitation in a perspicuous setting: grandparent-mediated video calls between migrant parents and their left-behind children in China. The analysis shows that the practices of sequence facilitation can have a retrospective or prospective orientation and involve not only linguistic practices, such as repeating the parent’s first pair-part or formulating its action, but also embodied and material practices, such as positioning the camera or physically animating the child’s body. The results shed light on the organization of adjacency pairs in adult–child interactions and the embodied and material circumstances of their production in video-mediated communication. The data were in the Chinese dialects of Sichuan and Guizhou.
摘要完成一系列行动是参与者社会组织的一个基本问题。当第一对部分是针对尚未完全胜任的成员,如幼儿时,第三方可以通过不同的语言、体现和物质实践来促进序列的完成。在这篇文章中,我们在一个清晰的环境中研究了这种序列便利化:祖父母介导的中国流动父母和他们的留守儿童之间的视频通话。分析表明,序列促进的实践可以具有回顾性或前瞻性,不仅涉及语言实践,如重复父母的第一对部分或制定其动作,还涉及具体和物质实践,如定位相机或为孩子的身体设置物理动画。研究结果揭示了成人-儿童互动中相邻对的组织,以及它们在视频媒介交流中产生的具体和物质环境。这些数据来自四川和贵州的汉语方言。
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引用次数: 0
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Research on Language and Social Interaction
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