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Do Montreal! A Review Article 蒙特利尔!综述文章
4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1093/psquar/qqad116
J B Ruhl
Abstract International climate change diplomacy has tried a rigid top-down approach (the Kyoto Agreement) and a more flexible bottom-up approach (the Paris Agreement). Neither approach has gained sufficient traction on the climate change problem. The authors of Fixing the Climate: Strategies for an Uncertain World propose a new direction. Borrowing from the framework of the Montreal Protocol of 1987, which made great strides in eliminating use of ozone-depleting chemicals, they outline a framework for “experimentalist governance” that relies on public and private organizations to promote a problem-solving approach that is, at the same time, both bottom-up and top-down, market based and institution based, technocratic and democratic. Using case studies and examples across a wide array of contexts—from U.S. coal-fired power-plant sulfur dioxide emissions to dairy farm pollution in Ireland—they build the case for infusing climate change governance with innovation-driven institutions, processes, and instruments. The case studies and examples, however, share several common features that suggest experimentalist governance thrives under ideal conditions, including clearly defined technology challenges and ability to contain the impacts of innovation largely to the incumbent industry. Under the Montreal Protocol, for example, switching chemicals in products did not require consumers to change behavior or make substantial sacrifices. Many of the challenges of climate change policy fit these and the other ideal conditions, but many do not. The full extent of the necessary energy transition, as well as the demands of climate change adaptation, present complex socioeconomic policy issues fraught with political division. Experimentalist governance can go a long way toward fixing the climate, but ultimately, fixing the climate also will require fixing the climate politics.
国际气候变化外交尝试了一种严格的自上而下的方式(《京都议定书》)和一种更灵活的自下而上的方式(《巴黎协定》)。这两种方法都没有在气候变化问题上获得足够的支持。《解决气候问题:应对不确定世界的策略》一书的作者提出了一个新的方向。1987年的《蒙特利尔议定书》在消除使用消耗臭氧层的化学品方面取得了巨大进展,他们借鉴了该议定书的框架,概述了一个“实验主义治理”的框架,该框架依靠公共和私人组织来促进一种解决问题的方法,这种方法同时是自下而上和自上而下,以市场为基础和以制度为基础,技术官僚和民主。从美国燃煤电厂的二氧化硫排放到爱尔兰奶牛场的污染,他们通过案例研究和实例,为气候变化治理注入创新驱动的制度、流程和工具。然而,案例研究和例子有几个共同的特点,表明实验主义治理在理想条件下蓬勃发展,包括明确定义的技术挑战和控制创新对现有行业的影响的能力。例如,根据《蒙特利尔议定书》,改变产品中的化学物质不需要消费者改变行为或做出重大牺牲。气候变化政策的许多挑战符合上述条件和其他理想条件,但也有许多不符合。全面进行必要的能源转型,以及适应气候变化的要求,带来了复杂的社会经济政策问题,充满了政治分歧。实验主义治理对于解决气候问题大有帮助,但最终,解决气候问题还需要解决气候政治问题。
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引用次数: 0
What Can Voting Do for Democracy? 投票对民主有什么作用?
4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1093/psquar/qqad110
Justin Pottle
Abstract Empirical political scientists and normative political theorists alike have challenged the grip elections hold on our democratic imagination, albeit for very different reasons. Against both sets of critics, Emilee Booth Chapman’s remarkable and timely new book Election Day: How We Vote and What it Means for Democracy makes a compelling case for the ballot box’s unique place in democratic theory as a site of collective agency among political equals. Chapman offers an invaluable framework for navigating the shifting character of the American voting system and the innumerable proposals for improving it. But at the same time, this essay argues that in face of American democracy’s moral failures, Election Day reveals as much about the limits of well-ordered elections as it does their democratic promise.
经验主义政治学家和规范政治理论家都对选举对我们民主想象的影响提出了挑战,尽管原因非常不同。面对这两种批评,艾米丽·布斯·查普曼(Emilee Booth Chapman)的新书《选举日:我们如何投票及其对民主的意义》(Election Day: We How Vote and它对民主意味着什么)引人注目地阐述了投票箱在民主理论中的独特地位,即政治平等者之间的集体代理场所。查普曼提供了一个宝贵的框架来引导美国投票制度的变化特征,并提出了无数改进它的建议。但与此同时,本文认为,面对美国民主的道德失败,选举日揭示了有序选举的局限性,就像它揭示了民主的承诺一样。
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引用次数: 0
Banking on Beijing: The Aims and Impacts of China's Overseas Development Program by Axel Dreher, Andreas Fuchs, Bradley Parks, Austin Strange, and Michael J. Tierney 《寄望北京:中国海外发展计划的目标与影响》,作者:阿克塞尔·德雷尔、安德烈亚斯·富克斯、布拉德利·帕克斯、奥斯汀·斯特兰奇和迈克尔·蒂尔尼
4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1093/psquar/qqad109
Wei Liang
Journal Article Banking on Beijing: The Aims and Impacts of China's Overseas Development Program by Axel Dreher, Andreas Fuchs, Bradley Parks, Austin Strange, and Michael J. Tierney Get access Axel Dreher, Andreas Fuchs, Bradley Parks, Austin Strange, and Michael J. Tierney. New York, Cambridge University Press, 2022. 396 pp. Paper, $34.99. Wei Liang Wei Liang Graduate School of International Policy and Management, Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Political Science Quarterly, qqad109, https://doi.org/10.1093/psquar/qqad109 Published: 11 October 2023
期刊文章《北京银行:中国海外发展项目的目标和影响》,作者:阿克塞尔·德雷尔、安德烈亚斯·富克斯、布拉德利·帕克斯、奥斯汀·斯特兰奇和迈克尔·蒂尔尼。纽约,剑桥大学出版社,2022年。396页,平装,34.99美元。查阅作者其他著作,网址:牛津学术谷歌学者政治科学季刊,qqad109, https://doi.org/10.1093/psquar/qqad109出版日期:2023年10月11日
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引用次数: 0
Arc of Power: Inside Nancy Pelosi's Speakership, 2005–2010 by John A. Lawrence 《权力之弧:南希·佩洛西的议长生涯,2005-2010》,作者:约翰·a·劳伦斯
4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-09 DOI: 10.1093/psquar/qqad102
Justin Buchler
Journal Article Arc of Power: Inside Nancy Pelosi's Speakership, 2005–2010 by John A. Lawrence Get access John A Lawrence. Lawrence, KS, University of Kansas Press. 2022. 363 pp. $29.60. Justin Buchler Justin Buchler Case Western Reserve University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Political Science Quarterly, qqad102, https://doi.org/10.1093/psquar/qqad102 Published: 09 October 2023
期刊文章《权力之弧:南希·佩洛西的议长生涯,2005-2010》作者:约翰·A·劳伦斯劳伦斯,堪萨斯,堪萨斯大学出版社,2022。363页,29.6美元。搜索作者的其他作品:牛津学术谷歌学者政治科学季刊,qqad102, https://doi.org/10.1093/psquar/qqad102出版日期:2023年10月9日
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引用次数: 0
The Race Politics Associated With Wearing a Mask in Public to Combat COVID-19 与在公共场合戴口罩对抗COVID-19相关的种族政治
4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1093/psquar/qqad103
Gabriel R Sanchez, Edward D Vargas, Melanie Sayuri Dominguez
Abstract We explore the racial and ethnic politics associated with mask wearing early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Using panel and cross-sectional data from the National Panel Study of COVID-19 (n = 1,996) fielded in March and April 2020, we asked Americans about their self-reported race/ethnicity, their political party affiliation, and if they have worn a mask or scarf in public to stop the spread of the coronavirus. We also asked respondents who reported wearing a mask in public if they worry they might be mistaken for a criminal. Our logistic regression models found that racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to wear a mask or scarf over their faces to prevent the spread of COVID-19 despite being more likely to worry about being criminalized by police or security while wearing a mask. We argue that proximal contact with the virus, because racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to be affected by COVID-19, leads to increased willingness by people in these groups to protect themselves and others. Democrats were also more likely to wear masks compared with Republican respondents. and those living in Republican-led states were less likely to wear a mask in public and more likely to be criminalized for wearing a mask. Was mask use during the early COVID-19 pandemic political? In our paper, we use panel and cross-sectional data from the National Panel Study of COVID-19 fielded in March and April 2020 when we asked Americans whether they had worn masks. We also asked those who wore a mask if they felt criminalized while wearing a mask. Our findings show that there are stark differences in mask use between demographic groups and worrying about being criminalized while wearing one.
摘要:我们探讨了COVID-19大流行早期与戴口罩相关的种族和民族政治。利用2020年3月和4月进行的COVID-19全国小组研究(n = 1996)的小组和横断面数据,我们向美国人询问了他们自我报告的种族/民族、政党归属,以及他们是否在公共场合戴口罩或围巾以阻止冠状病毒的传播。我们还询问了在公共场合戴口罩的受访者,他们是否担心自己可能被误认为是罪犯。我们的逻辑回归模型发现,种族和少数民族更有可能戴口罩或围巾遮住脸,以防止新冠病毒的传播,尽管他们更有可能担心戴口罩被警察或安全部门定罪。我们认为,由于种族和少数民族更容易受到COVID-19的影响,与病毒的近距离接触导致这些群体的人们更愿意保护自己和他人。与共和党受访者相比,民主党人也更有可能戴口罩。那些生活在共和党领导的州的人不太可能在公共场合戴口罩,更有可能因为戴口罩而被定罪。在COVID-19大流行早期使用口罩是政治性的吗?在我们的论文中,我们使用了2020年3月和4月进行的COVID-19全国小组研究的小组和横截面数据,当时我们询问美国人是否戴过口罩。我们还询问了那些戴口罩的人,他们戴口罩时是否感到有罪。我们的研究结果表明,不同人口群体在使用口罩方面存在明显差异,人们担心戴口罩会被定罪。
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引用次数: 0
Prisoners of Their Premises: How Unexamined Assumptions Lead to War and Other Policy Debacles by George C. Edwards 《房屋的囚徒:未经检验的假设如何导致战争和其他政策的崩溃》,作者:乔治·爱德华兹
4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.1093/psquar/qqad087
Christopher Fettweis
Journal Article Prisoners of Their Premises: How Unexamined Assumptions Lead to War and Other Policy Debacles by George C. Edwards Get access George C. Edwards. Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press, 2022. 152 pp. Paper, $24.99. Christopher Fettweis Christopher Fettweis Tulane University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Political Science Quarterly, qqad087, https://doi.org/10.1093/psquar/qqad087 Published: 30 September 2023
期刊文章:他们处所的囚徒:未经检验的假设如何导致战争和其他政策的崩溃作者:乔治·c·爱德华兹芝加哥,伊利诺伊州,芝加哥大学出版社,2022。152页,纸质版,24.99美元。查找作者的其他作品:牛津学术b谷歌学者政治科学季刊,qqad087, https://doi.org/10.1093/psquar/qqad087出版日期:2023年9月30日
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引用次数: 0
The Profits of Distrust: Citizen-Consumers, Drinking Water, and the Crisis of Confidence in American Government by Manuel P Teodoro, Samantha Zuhlke and David Switzer 《不信任的好处:公民-消费者、饮用水和对美国政府的信任危机》作者:曼努埃尔·P·特奥多罗、萨曼莎·祖尔克和大卫·斯威策
4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1093/psquar/qqad105
David Glick
Journal Article The Profits of Distrust: Citizen-Consumers, Drinking Water, and the Crisis of Confidence in American Government by Manuel P Teodoro, Samantha Zuhlke and David Switzer Get access Manuel P Teodoro, Samantha Zuhlke, and David Switzer. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2022. 300 pp. Paper, $34.99. David Glick David Glick Boston University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Political Science Quarterly, qqad105, https://doi.org/10.1093/psquar/qqad105 Published: 29 September 2023
期刊文章《不信任的利润:公民-消费者、饮用水和对美国政府的信任危机》作者:曼努埃尔·P·特奥多罗、萨曼莎·祖尔克和大卫·斯威策剑桥,剑桥大学出版社,2022。300页,平装,34.99美元。搜索作者的其他作品:牛津学术谷歌学者政治科学季刊,qqad105, https://doi.org/10.1093/psquar/qqad105出版日期:2023年9月29日
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引用次数: 0
Mass Media's Role in Terrorism: The Issue of Frame Sending and Terrorist Communication 大众传媒在恐怖主义中的作用:框架发送与恐怖主义传播的问题
4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1093/psquar/qqad094
Michael T Oswald, Kristina Fürst, Michael Johann
Abstract The propaganda videos of Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) became a widespread issue throughout the Western world between 2014 and 2017. The problem was not that the videos went viral on social media but that people learned about them and their content through the news. Each ISIL video posted on social media provoked some kind of media reaction that generated public attention. Given that a common framing effect leads people to think through the frames offered to them, journalists and media outlets can pick up frames and send them via their reporting. Based on a qualitative content analysis of news articles in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, this article shows that media outlets often sent ISIL’s frames and discussed related problems using the frames set by ISIL. Therefore, the media played a crucial role in the logic of this terrorist organization and its communication strategy by sending specific strategic communicator frames to the public. However, this analysis reveals that media framing changed over time: reporting became more balanced and, in some cases, even contested ISIL’s frames.
2014年至2017年间,“伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯兰国”(ISIL)的宣传视频在西方世界引起了广泛关注。问题不在于这些视频在社交媒体上疯传,而是人们通过新闻了解了它们和它们的内容。isis在社交媒体上发布的每一个视频都引发了媒体的某种反应,引起了公众的关注。鉴于常见的框架效应会导致人们通过提供给他们的框架进行思考,记者和媒体可以选择框架并通过他们的报道发送它们。本文通过对德国、奥地利和瑞士新闻文章的定性内容分析,发现媒体经常发送ISIL的框架,并使用ISIL设置的框架讨论相关问题。因此,媒体通过向公众发送特定的战略传播者框架,在这个恐怖组织的逻辑及其传播策略中发挥了至关重要的作用。然而,这一分析表明,随着时间的推移,媒体的框架发生了变化:报道变得更加平衡,在某些情况下,甚至对ISIL的框架提出了质疑。
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引用次数: 0
“Ethnic Cleansing”: An Analysis of Conceptual and Empirical Ambiguity “种族清洗”:概念与经验歧义分析
4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1093/psquar/qqad082
Meghan M Garrity
Abstract Despite significant scholarly disagreement about its definition, core meaning, and corresponding cases, ethnic cleansing has escaped careful conceptual examination. This article identifies five key areas of conceptual confusion that undermine the integrity and utility of the concept. These include discrepancies over the core meaning of ethnic cleansing; tension between ethnic cleansing as a practice and a policy; the lack of boundedness between ethnic cleansing and other related concepts; the universe of cases that belong together; and disparate subtype classification criteria. This conceptual confusion undermines effective comparative analysis and, in turn, our understanding of the causes of ethnic cleansing and associated policy recommendations. The solution is to abandon the social science usage of ethnic cleansing in favor of alternative concepts defined by the distinct intent of the perpetrator(s): massacre (to annihilate), mass expulsion (to remove), coercive assimilation (to eliminate a unique cultural identity), and control (to subjugate). This eliminates ambiguity, improves theoretical precision, and opens a promising new research agenda.
尽管学术界对种族清洗的定义、核心意义和相关案例存在重大分歧,但却没有对其进行仔细的概念考察。本文确定了概念混淆的五个关键领域,它们破坏了概念的完整性和实用性。其中包括对种族清洗核心含义的分歧;种族清洗作为一种做法和一种政策之间的紧张关系;种族清洗与其他相关概念之间缺乏界限;所有属于一起的情况;以及不同的亚型分类标准。这种概念上的混淆破坏了有效的比较分析,进而破坏了我们对种族清洗的原因和有关政策建议的理解。解决办法是放弃社会科学对种族清洗的使用,而采用由犯罪者的独特意图定义的其他概念:屠杀(消灭),大规模驱逐(移除),强制同化(消除独特的文化认同)和控制(征服)。这消除了歧义,提高了理论精度,并开辟了一个有前途的新研究议程。
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引用次数: 0
Sharing Power, Securing Peace? Ethnic Inclusion and Civil War Lars-Erik Cederman, Simon Hug and Julian Wucherpfennig 分享权力,确保和平?种族包容和内战的Lars-Erik Cederman, Simon Hug和Julian wucherp芬尼
4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1093/psquar/qqad099
Holley E Hansen
Journal Article Sharing Power, Securing Peace? Ethnic Inclusion and Civil War Lars-Erik Cederman, Simon Hug and Julian Wucherpfennig Get access Lars-Erik Cederman, Simon Hug, and Julian Wucherpfennig. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 2022. 316 pp. $34.99. Holley E Hansen Holley E Hansen Oklahoma State University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3033-6878 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Political Science Quarterly, qqad099, https://doi.org/10.1093/psquar/qqad099 Published: 27 September 2023
分享权力,确保和平?种族包容和内战Lars-Erik Cederman, Simon Hug和Julian wucherp芬尼剑桥,剑桥大学出版社,2022。316页,34.99美元。霍利·E·汉森霍利·E·汉森俄克拉荷马州立大学https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3033-6878搜索作者的其他作品:牛津学术b谷歌学者政治科学季刊,qqad099, https://doi.org/10.1093/psquar/qqad099出版日期:2023年9月27日
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引用次数: 0
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Political Science Quarterly
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