Political participants tend to be extraverted and open to experience, but we know virtually nothing about the exceptions to the rule. Why do individuals low in extraversion and openness sometimes engage in public affairs? The answer to this question has implications for political equity in the expression and representation of public opinion, regardless of personality traits. To address my query, I turn to political trust as a mediator of the relationship between personality and political participation. I argue that extraverts often feel disappointed about the impersonal nature of public affairs and thus possess a lower level of political trust than introverts; meanwhile, people high in openness value progress and ideals, likely perceive a disconnect between their political preferences and political reality, and thus may be more likely to distrust government than the closed-minded. For the trust–participation link, I contend that trusting citizens will be inclined to perpetuate the status quo through conventional behaviors such as voting, attending government meetings, and contacting government officials. Using mediation analysis of AmericasBarometer survey data from North America, Latin America, and the Caribbean, I find that introverted and closed-minded individuals tend to be more politically engaged—through their higher levels of political trust.
{"title":"Mobilizing the Shy and Closed-Minded into Politics: The Mediating Role of Political Trust for Conventional Participation in the Americas","authors":"Matthew Cawvey","doi":"10.1093/psquar/qqad058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/psquar/qqad058","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Political participants tend to be extraverted and open to experience, but we know virtually nothing about the exceptions to the rule. Why do individuals low in extraversion and openness sometimes engage in public affairs? The answer to this question has implications for political equity in the expression and representation of public opinion, regardless of personality traits. To address my query, I turn to political trust as a mediator of the relationship between personality and political participation. I argue that extraverts often feel disappointed about the impersonal nature of public affairs and thus possess a lower level of political trust than introverts; meanwhile, people high in openness value progress and ideals, likely perceive a disconnect between their political preferences and political reality, and thus may be more likely to distrust government than the closed-minded. For the trust–participation link, I contend that trusting citizens will be inclined to perpetuate the status quo through conventional behaviors such as voting, attending government meetings, and contacting government officials. Using mediation analysis of AmericasBarometer survey data from North America, Latin America, and the Caribbean, I find that introverted and closed-minded individuals tend to be more politically engaged—through their higher levels of political trust.","PeriodicalId":51491,"journal":{"name":"Political Science Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41581121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Controversies about speech on college campuses attract intense popular attention. Three recent books analyze campus speech as one of the ways that academia affects American democracy. In The Channels of Student Activism, Amy J. Binder and Jeffrey L. Kidder argue that college-student activists respond to incentives. Progressive students have opportunities to engage closely with their universities but often end up frustrated, while conservative students get support from national organizations to work off-campus and endorse conservative visiting speakers as a way of influencing their own institutions. Among other recommendations, Binder and Kidder suggest that universities should promote democratic values by adopting more persuasive positions about controversial speech. In Cancel Wars, Sigal-Ben Porath defends one such position: universities should avoid censorship and punitive responses to speech while actively ensuring that all members of their community are valued. In What Universities Owe Democracy, Johns Hopkins University President Ronald J. Daniels argues that higher education affects democracy in many ways beyond explicit political speech, and he presents recommendations that involve admissions, curricular reform, and research. Levine finds many helpful insights and suggestions in these books but adds reasons to doubt the democratic potential of prestigious colleges and universities. He advocates serious public investment in democratic education for children and for adults who are not students.
{"title":"The Democratic Mission of Higher Education: A Review Essay","authors":"P. Levine","doi":"10.1093/psquar/qqad068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/psquar/qqad068","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Controversies about speech on college campuses attract intense popular attention. Three recent books analyze campus speech as one of the ways that academia affects American democracy. In The Channels of Student Activism, Amy J. Binder and Jeffrey L. Kidder argue that college-student activists respond to incentives. Progressive students have opportunities to engage closely with their universities but often end up frustrated, while conservative students get support from national organizations to work off-campus and endorse conservative visiting speakers as a way of influencing their own institutions. Among other recommendations, Binder and Kidder suggest that universities should promote democratic values by adopting more persuasive positions about controversial speech. In Cancel Wars, Sigal-Ben Porath defends one such position: universities should avoid censorship and punitive responses to speech while actively ensuring that all members of their community are valued. In What Universities Owe Democracy, Johns Hopkins University President Ronald J. Daniels argues that higher education affects democracy in many ways beyond explicit political speech, and he presents recommendations that involve admissions, curricular reform, and research. Levine finds many helpful insights and suggestions in these books but adds reasons to doubt the democratic potential of prestigious colleges and universities. He advocates serious public investment in democratic education for children and for adults who are not students.","PeriodicalId":51491,"journal":{"name":"Political Science Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47585738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Matthew Levendusky’s review of Alex Coppock's Persuasion in Parallel, he praises, overall, the book's clear focus, rich data, and striking results, arguing that it makes an important contribution to the literature. He takes issue, however, with Coppock's treatment of theories of motivated reasoning, and he explores ways in which the literature might profitably move forward to better understand how citizens process political information.
{"title":"Can Information Persuade Rather Than Polarize? A Review of Alex Coppock's Persuasion in Parallel","authors":"Matthew Levendusky","doi":"10.1093/psquar/qqad076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/psquar/qqad076","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In Matthew Levendusky’s review of Alex Coppock's Persuasion in Parallel, he praises, overall, the book's clear focus, rich data, and striking results, arguing that it makes an important contribution to the literature. He takes issue, however, with Coppock's treatment of theories of motivated reasoning, and he explores ways in which the literature might profitably move forward to better understand how citizens process political information.","PeriodicalId":51491,"journal":{"name":"Political Science Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49199517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drawing on five case studies, Lawrence D. Brown's Political Exercise: Active Living, Public Policy, and the Built Environment (2022) examines the complex path to fruition of comprehensive policy approaches. The health-promotion approach called active living, or modifying the built environment to encourage physical exercise in everyday life, experienced a peak of interest in parts of two decades. Looking at five very different places (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania; Louisville, Kentucky; Albuquerque, New Mexico; Sacramento, California; and New York, New York), Brown explores how difficult it is to implement active living in practice. Brown argues that active living is perceived by many to be a good thing. However, few organizations or parts of government see it as their main focus. It requires substantial collaborative work, which is typically difficult. Implementing active living requires strategies beyond the typical public health toolkit, including those from urban planning. Brown introduces the term implementation sensitivity to explain policies that are susceptible to dissonance between policy aims and political realities. Obstacles faced by policy proponents include local particularities that make it hard to transfer or scale up solutions, intersectoral pluralism or multiple lines of authority, and the need for effective champions. The path from policy to implementation is not linear but iterative.
劳伦斯·D·布朗（Lawrence D.Brown）的《政治实践：积极生活、公共政策和建筑环境》（Political Exercise:Active Living，Public Policy，and the Built Environment，2022）以五个案例研究为基础，探讨了全面政策方法实现的复杂路径。被称为积极生活的健康促进方法，或改变建筑环境以鼓励日常生活中的体育锻炼，在20年的部分时间里经历了兴趣的顶峰。通过观察五个截然不同的地方（宾夕法尼亚州的威尔克斯·巴雷、肯塔基州的路易斯维尔、新墨西哥州的阿尔伯克基、加利福尼亚州的萨克拉门托和纽约州的纽约），布朗探讨了在实践中实施积极生活的难度。布朗认为，许多人认为积极的生活是一件好事。然而，很少有组织或政府部门将其视为主要关注点。它需要大量的合作工作，而这通常是困难的。实施积极生活需要典型的公共卫生工具包之外的战略，包括城市规划中的战略。布朗引入了“执行敏感性”一词来解释政策目标和政治现实之间容易不协调的政策。政策支持者面临的障碍包括难以转移或扩大解决方案的地方特殊性、跨部门多元化或多条权力线，以及需要有效的倡导者。从政策到实施的路径不是线性的，而是迭代的。
{"title":"Active Living and the Politics of Implementation: A Review Article","authors":"Ann Forsyth","doi":"10.1093/psquar/qqad070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/psquar/qqad070","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Drawing on five case studies, Lawrence D. Brown's Political Exercise: Active Living, Public Policy, and the Built Environment (2022) examines the complex path to fruition of comprehensive policy approaches. The health-promotion approach called active living, or modifying the built environment to encourage physical exercise in everyday life, experienced a peak of interest in parts of two decades. Looking at five very different places (Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania; Louisville, Kentucky; Albuquerque, New Mexico; Sacramento, California; and New York, New York), Brown explores how difficult it is to implement active living in practice. Brown argues that active living is perceived by many to be a good thing. However, few organizations or parts of government see it as their main focus. It requires substantial collaborative work, which is typically difficult. Implementing active living requires strategies beyond the typical public health toolkit, including those from urban planning. Brown introduces the term implementation sensitivity to explain policies that are susceptible to dissonance between policy aims and political realities. Obstacles faced by policy proponents include local particularities that make it hard to transfer or scale up solutions, intersectoral pluralism or multiple lines of authority, and the need for effective champions. The path from policy to implementation is not linear but iterative.","PeriodicalId":51491,"journal":{"name":"Political Science Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47883335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How does transitional justice impact democracy? In After Authoritarianism: Transitional Justice & Democratic Stability, Monika Nalepa convincingly challenges the “Spanish model” of transition, which argues that doing nothing in response to past human rights abuses is the best way to ensure a stable democracy. Focusing on the fates of authoritarian collaborators, Nalepa finds that transparency mechanisms—lustrations and truth commissions—tend to improve democratic representation by reducing political figures’ risk of blackmail; purges have more mixed effects, due to a loyalty-competency trade-off. Nalepa makes her case with a truly mixed-method approach, employing formal models, case studies, and statistical analysis of her own transitional justice data set. The book addresses essential questions for transitional justice, including what to do about authoritarian collaborators and institutions with bloody legacies. Given recent concerns about backsliding in even long-time democracies, the book is essential reading not only for those interested in transitions and human rights but also for those interested in understanding how best to strengthen democracy more generally.
{"title":"After Authoritarianism: A Review Article","authors":"J. Esberg","doi":"10.1093/psquar/qqad074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/psquar/qqad074","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 How does transitional justice impact democracy? In After Authoritarianism: Transitional Justice & Democratic Stability, Monika Nalepa convincingly challenges the “Spanish model” of transition, which argues that doing nothing in response to past human rights abuses is the best way to ensure a stable democracy. Focusing on the fates of authoritarian collaborators, Nalepa finds that transparency mechanisms—lustrations and truth commissions—tend to improve democratic representation by reducing political figures’ risk of blackmail; purges have more mixed effects, due to a loyalty-competency trade-off. Nalepa makes her case with a truly mixed-method approach, employing formal models, case studies, and statistical analysis of her own transitional justice data set. The book addresses essential questions for transitional justice, including what to do about authoritarian collaborators and institutions with bloody legacies. Given recent concerns about backsliding in even long-time democracies, the book is essential reading not only for those interested in transitions and human rights but also for those interested in understanding how best to strengthen democracy more generally.","PeriodicalId":51491,"journal":{"name":"Political Science Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44244987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is a review article of Skin Color, Protest, and Politics in America by Mara Cecilia Ostfeld and Nicole Yadon, published by Russell Sage Foundation in 2022. The core premise of the book argues that skin color is another important dimension of the construction of race in America and that it can also provide insight into how individuals experience the world. This article provides an overview of the book and offers reflections on its interventions into the fields of race, ethnicity and politics, public opinion, and political psychology.
{"title":"Does Color Matter: Review Article of Skin Color, Protest, and Politics in America","authors":"Natalie Masuoka","doi":"10.1093/psquar/qqad065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/psquar/qqad065","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This is a review article of Skin Color, Protest, and Politics in America by Mara Cecilia Ostfeld and Nicole Yadon, published by Russell Sage Foundation in 2022. The core premise of the book argues that skin color is another important dimension of the construction of race in America and that it can also provide insight into how individuals experience the world. This article provides an overview of the book and offers reflections on its interventions into the fields of race, ethnicity and politics, public opinion, and political psychology.","PeriodicalId":51491,"journal":{"name":"Political Science Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48587609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Asian American Connective Action in the Age of Social Media: Civic Engagement, Contested Issues, and Emerging Identities by James Lai","authors":"Andrew L. Aoki","doi":"10.1093/psquar/qqad064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/psquar/qqad064","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51491,"journal":{"name":"Political Science Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48440027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"American Public Opinion and the Modern Supreme Court, 1930–2020: A Representative Institution by Thomas R. Marshall","authors":"Nancy B. Arrington","doi":"10.1093/psquar/qqad066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/psquar/qqad066","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51491,"journal":{"name":"Political Science Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48431393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Common Camp: Architecture of Power and Resistance in Israel-Palestine by Irit Katz","authors":"N. Hajj","doi":"10.1093/psquar/qqad054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/psquar/qqad054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51491,"journal":{"name":"Political Science Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41716939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Change in Global Environmental Politics: Temporal Focal Points and the Reform of International Institutions by Michael W. Manulak","authors":"Luis Rivera-Vélez","doi":"10.1093/psquar/qqad039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/psquar/qqad039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51491,"journal":{"name":"Political Science Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43277564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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