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Understanding the City-transport System of Urban Agglomeration through Improved Space Syntax Analysis 通过改进的空间句法分析理解城市群的城市交通系统
IF 2.3 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-07-05 DOI: 10.1177/01600176211023879
Wensheng Zheng, Nanqiao Du, Xiaofang Wang
From the perspective of city-transport system, this article applies space syntax to analyze the physical integration of cities. Traditionally, space syntax is mainly applied to urban areas, buildings, and other scales. However, when space syntax is applied to the configuration analysis of urban agglomeration, the change of scale causes changes in spatial perception and human behavioral patterns. Thus, we present a new method of space syntax. This method defines the lane and track between entrance and exit, and city as node, which represents small-scale space. Infrastructure, such as stations, entrances, and exits, are defined as links. The urban agglomeration is thus transformed into a topological network, and then displayed as a bipartite graph of cities and routes. We take the urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Middle Reaches (YRMR) as the case study area and analyze its spatial configuration from the perspectives of local and integral, interfaces at different scales, gaps, evolution of the dual foreground and background networks, and evolution of the transport networks. The results reveal the way cities integrate with each other and further reveal the multi-scale spatial structure of urban agglomeration.
本文从城市交通系统的角度,运用空间句法分析了城市的物理整合。传统上,空间句法主要应用于城市区域、建筑和其他尺度。然而,将空间句法应用于城市群的形态分析时,尺度的变化会导致空间感知和人类行为模式的变化。因此,我们提出了一种新的空间语法方法。该方法将入口和出口之间的车道和轨道以及城市定义为节点,代表小规模空间。基础设施,如车站、入口和出口,被定义为链接。城市群由此被转化为拓扑网络,然后被显示为城市和路线的二分图。我们以长江中游城市群为例,从局部和整体、不同规模的界面、差距、前景和背景双重网络的演变以及交通网络的演变等角度分析了其空间配置。研究结果揭示了城市相互融合的方式,进一步揭示了城市群的多尺度空间结构。
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引用次数: 7
Entrepreneurship, Broadband, and Gender: Evidence from Establishment Births in Rural America 创业、宽带和性别:来自美国农村出生机构的证据
IF 2.3 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-06-17 DOI: 10.1177/01600176211018749
Tessa Conroy, Sarah A. Low
Broadband access may have important implications for establishment births in rural areas, which feature thinner markets. Broadband may be especially important for rural nonemployer businesses, particularly those without a storefront, for access to nontraditional market channels. As women are more likely to run these types of small businesses, we further expect that broadband may have important implications for women-led businesses. With an effective instrumental variable approach, we find evidence that broadband access is a key factor leading to a higher establishment birth rate across business size and gender in rural areas. This paper identifies the largest effects on nonemployer, women-led and remote rural establishments.
宽带接入可能会对农村地区的出生产生重要影响,因为农村地区的市场规模较小。宽带对于农村非就业企业,尤其是那些没有店面的企业,接入非传统市场渠道可能特别重要。由于女性更有可能经营这些类型的小企业,我们进一步预计宽带可能会对女性主导的企业产生重要影响。通过有效的工具变量方法,我们发现有证据表明,宽带接入是导致农村地区企业规模和性别较高的机构出生率的关键因素。本文确定了对无就业者、妇女主导和偏远农村机构的最大影响。
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引用次数: 20
The Impact of Cross-border Labor Mobility on Real Estate Price Trends: A Natural Experiment 劳动力跨境流动对房地产价格走势的影响:一个自然实验
IF 2.3 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-02-28 DOI: 10.1177/0160017621989394
Camille Dumeignil
This article evaluate how cross-border labor mobility affects real estate price trends. To overcome the endogeneity of mobility choice, a natural experiment is used: The implementation of the “Agreement on the Free Movement of Persons” (AFMP) between the European Union (EU) and Switzerland, on 1 June 2007. This policy change the eligibility criteria for obtaining a cross-border permit by removing residence restrictions and creates a natural experiment for a difference-in-differences analysis. Based on French administrative data, results show that cross-border labor mobility does not affect house price trends in French border regions. However, the implementation of the AFMP has had a positive impact on the evolution of apartment prices in both the short term (six months) and the medium term (three years). In addition, the evolution of apartment prices shows sensitivity to distance from the border and to the housing quality segment.
本文评估了跨境劳动力流动如何影响房地产价格趋势。为了克服流动性选择的内生性,使用了一个自然实验:2007年6月1日欧盟(EU)和瑞士之间的“人员自由流动协议”(AFMP)的实施。这项政策通过取消居住限制改变了获得跨境许可的资格标准,并为差异中差异分析创造了一个自然的实验。基于法国行政数据,结果表明,跨境劳动力流动并不影响法国边境地区的房价趋势。然而,AFMP的实施对公寓价格的演变在短期(六个月)和中期(三年)都产生了积极的影响。此外,公寓价格的演变表现出对边界距离和住房质量部分的敏感性。
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引用次数: 2
Demo-economic Modeling: Review and Prospects 实证经济模型:回顾与展望
IF 2.3 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-02-28 DOI: 10.1177/0160017621994638
P. Batey, G. Hewings
This paper focuses on progress in achieving greater integration between demographic and economic components in system-wide modeling. It underlines the importance of Czamanski’s Baltimore model as well as other influential research based on the two-sector economic base model, before proceeding to review more complex, spatially-disaggregated economy-wide models. The subsequent work of Ledent, Schinnar and others is presented as the foundation for some important initiatives that centered on the Batey-Madden model and its derivatives. Attention is directed to some recent advances in the Batey-Madden model and subsequent work addressing household heterogeneity in the context of income formation and distribution associated with contributions by Miyazawa. The paper explores some avenues for integration of activity analysis and household disaggregation based on income, age or skill endowments to enhance the understanding of the role that households play in the economy.
本文的重点是在全系统建模中实现人口和经济成分之间更大整合的进展。它强调了Czamanski的巴尔的摩模型以及其他基于两部门经济基础模型的有影响力的研究的重要性,然后继续审查更复杂的、空间分解的经济范围模型。Ledent, Schinnar和其他人的后续工作被认为是围绕Batey-Madden模型及其衍生品的一些重要倡议的基础。本文将关注Batey-Madden模型的一些最新进展,以及宫泽在收入形成和分配背景下处理家庭异质性的后续工作。本文探讨了基于收入、年龄或技能禀赋的活动分析和家庭分类整合的一些途径,以增强对家庭在经济中所起作用的理解。
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引用次数: 5
The New Data Revolution in Regional Science: A Tribute to the Late Stan Czamanski 区域科学中的新数据革命:对已故斯坦·查曼斯基的致敬
IF 2.3 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-02-11 DOI: 10.1177/0160017621994639
Dani Broitman, K. Kourtit
The methodology of regional science is traditionally based on a sound mix of conceptual framing and operational (or applied) analysis. In recent years, we have witnessed an avalanche of new empirical data used in regional science research (e.g., social media, ‘big data’, sensor data, App data, etc.). Such new data emerge in particular as a result of digital technology applications and interactive media. But also in traditional statistical domains we observe a rapid expansion of the data base for regional science research, to the extent that a gradual shift from basic thinking towards applied research is taking place.

One of the pioneers in regional science who has devoted a significant part of his scientific work to applied research has been the late Stan Czamanski (1918 - 2012). He was fascinated by the question of how to introduce space in a measurable way as a key variable or a structural component in socio-economic research at the sub-national level. Based on a solid conceptual framework of the space-economy, he was able to design operational macroeconomic regional accounts and regional input-output tables, which he used as practical instruments to map out complex spatial-economic phenomena. He grew up in the quantitative research tradition pioneered by Walter Isard, Wassilly Leontief and Lawrence Klein amongst others; they all tried to develop measurement models for studying industrial structures and (spatial-)economic linkages, inter alia by adjusting (inter-)national data to regional economies.

A prominent question will also be whether the unprecedented rise in spatially relevant data volumes leads to better insights into the complexity of the space-economy, leave aside whether this may lead to better policy decisions. To address this question, a two-day international Advanced Brainstorm Carrefour (ABC) workshop (in April 2019) was held in Tel- Aviv and Haifa in honor of the late Stan Czamanski. This meeting was organized by The Regional Science Academy (TRSA) and supported by the Tel- Aviv University and the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology. The ABC workshop brought together scholars from all continents to reflect on the new data-analytics challenges of the post-Czamanski age. Both conceptual and applied studies addressing the above-mentioned challenges were welcomed at this fruitful meeting.
区域科学的方法论传统上是基于概念框架和操作(或应用)分析的完美结合。近年来,我们目睹了区域科学研究中使用的大量新的经验数据(如社交媒体、“大数据”、传感器数据、应用程序数据等)。这些新数据尤其是数字技术应用和互动媒体的结果。但在传统的统计领域,我们也观察到区域科学研究的数据库在迅速扩大,从基本思维到应用研究的逐渐转变正在发生。已故的斯坦·查曼斯基(Stan Czamanski,1918-2012)是区域科学的先驱之一,他将自己的大部分科学工作投入到了应用研究中。他对如何以可衡量的方式将空间作为地方一级社会经济研究的一个关键变量或结构组成部分的问题很感兴趣。基于空间经济的坚实概念框架,他能够设计可操作的宏观经济区域账户和区域投入产出表,并将其用作绘制复杂空间经济现象的实用工具。他成长于Walter Isard、Wassley Leontief和Lawrence Klein等人开创的定量研究传统中;他们都试图开发用于研究产业结构和(空间)经济联系的测量模型,特别是通过根据区域经济调整(国家间)数据。一个突出的问题还将是,空间相关数据量的空前增长是否会更好地了解空间经济的复杂性,而不考虑这是否会带来更好的政策决策。为了解决这个问题,家乐福于2019年4月在特拉维夫和海法举办了为期两天的国际先进头脑风暴研讨会,以纪念已故的斯坦·查曼斯基。本次会议由地区科学院(TRSA)组织,特拉维夫大学和以色列理工学院支持。ABC研讨会汇集了来自各大洲的学者,反思后恰曼斯基时代新的数据分析挑战。在这次富有成果的会议上,对解决上述挑战的概念研究和应用研究都表示欢迎。
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引用次数: 0
Human Capital and International Capital Flows: Evidence from China 人力资本与国际资本流动:来自中国的证据
IF 2.3 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-02-03 DOI: 10.1177/0160017621989421
Zhenshan Yang, Yinghao Pan, Dongqi Sun, Li Ma
The pattern of international capital flows has changed dramatically in the process of globalization. In this study, we argue that human capital (HC) facilitates a region’s reversal from being a net recipient of external resources to being an active contributor in the global market. Using a panel vector autoregressive regression method, we examine the relationships among regional HC, foreign direct investment (FDI), and outward FDI during 2004–2015 in China. Our results show that HC plays a key role in both attracting FDI and generating outward FDI. The findings contribute to research on the dynamic capacity building of regions participating in the global economy, especially strengthening HC for local economies participating in the global economy as either investment recipients or contributors.
在全球化进程中,国际资本流动格局发生了巨大变化。在这项研究中,我们认为人力资本(HC)有助于一个地区从外部资源的净接受者转变为全球市场的积极贡献者。利用面板向量自回归方法,我们检验了2004-2005年中国地区HC、外国直接投资和对外直接投资之间的关系。我们的研究结果表明,HC在吸引外国直接投资和产生对外直接投资方面发挥着关键作用。这些发现有助于研究参与全球经济的地区的动态能力建设,特别是加强作为投资接受者或贡献者参与全球经济中的地方经济体的HC。
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引用次数: 7
Interregional Competition for Mobile Creative Capital with and Without Physical Capital Mobility 有和无实物资本流动的移动创意资本区域间竞争
IF 2.3 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-01-26 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3773744
A. Batabyal, P. Nijkamp
A lacuna in the extant literature and our desire to contribute to the theoretical literature on how tax/subsidy policies can be used by regions to attract the creative class together provide the motivation for this paper. The paper’s basic contribution is that it is the first to theoretically analyze competition between two regions (1 and 2) for mobile creative capital, the key attribute possessed by the creative class. Both regions produce a final good using creative and physical capital. In the first case, physical capital is immobile and only region 2 uses tax policy to attract the mobile creative capital. We compute the equilibrium returns to creative and physical capital, we specify a key condition for creative capital in the aggregate economy, and we show which of three tax policies gives region 2 the highest income. In the second case, creative and physical capital are mobile and both regions pursue tax policies to attract mobile creative capital. Once again, we compute the equilibrium returns to creative and physical capital and then describe the optimal taxes for the two regions given that they wish to maximize regional income.
现存文献中的一个空白,以及我们希望为关于地区如何利用税收/补贴政策来吸引创意阶层的理论文献做出贡献,为本文提供了动力。本文的基本贡献是,首次从理论上分析了两个地区(1和2)对流动创意资本的竞争,这是创意阶层所具有的关键属性。这两个地区都利用创造性和物质资本生产出最终的商品。在第一种情况下,实物资本是不动的,只有第二地区使用税收政策来吸引流动的创意资本。我们计算了创意资本和实物资本的均衡回报,我们指定了创意资本在总经济中的一个关键条件,并展示了三种税收政策中哪一种政策使第二地区的收入最高。在第二种情况下,创意资本和实物资本是流动的,这两个地区都推行税收政策来吸引流动的创意资本。再次,我们计算了创意资本和实物资本的均衡回报,然后描述了这两个地区的最佳税收,因为它们希望最大化地区收入。
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引用次数: 5
Implications for Regional Science of the “Rebuilding Macroeconomic Theory Project” “重建宏观经济理论工程”对区域科学的启示
IF 2.3 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-01-20 DOI: 10.1177/0160017620986590
K. Donaghy
The inability of macroeconomists to anticipate the Global Financial Crisis or reproduce it in their models has led to an important stock-taking of deficiencies in, and necessary modifications to, theories and models used pervasively by researchers and taught to graduate students. This stock-taking—the so-called “Rebuilding Macroeconomic Theory Project,” organized by David Vines and Samuel Wills—has provided an opportunity for economy-wide modelers (who include regional scientists) to consider whether the theories and models they employ are adequate and appropriate to the tasks to which they put them. In this paper I provide a brief report on the project, retrace the development of macroeconomics, and summarize responses by prominent macroeconomists to a set of questions posed by organizers of the project, while drawing implications of these questions and responses for regional science. I then offer original suggestions from a regional scientist’s perspective on what is missing from the “benchmark” macro-model, how financial frictions can be introduced, how behavioral foundations might be modified, how heterogeneity of agents might be captured, and what new stylized facts need to be explained. I proceed to illustrate how several of the suggested changes can be integrated in economy-wide models by drawing on a study of the impacts of monetary policy on consumption by different income groups in Indonesia. I close the paper by posing a number of “big-picture questions” on the implications of the RMTP for economy-wide modelers and regional scientists to ponder and by offering a brief reflection and aspiration.
宏观经济学家无法预测全球金融危机,也无法在他们的模型中重现危机,这导致了对研究人员和研究生普遍使用的理论和模型的缺陷进行重要的评估和必要的修改。这种盘点——即由David Vines和Samuel wills组织的所谓的“重建宏观经济理论项目”——为经济范围内的建模者(包括地区科学家)提供了一个机会,让他们考虑他们所采用的理论和模型是否足够,是否适合他们所承担的任务。在本文中,我简要介绍了该项目,追溯了宏观经济学的发展,并总结了著名宏观经济学家对项目组织者提出的一系列问题的回应,同时得出了这些问题和回应对区域科学的影响。然后,我从一个地区科学家的角度,就“基准”宏观模型中缺失的内容、如何引入金融摩擦、如何修改行为基础、如何捕捉主体的异质性以及需要解释哪些新的风格化事实,提出了一些原创建议。接下来,我将通过对印度尼西亚不同收入群体的货币政策对消费的影响的研究,说明如何将所建议的几种变化整合到整个经济模型中。最后,我就RMTP的含义提出了一些“宏观问题”,供经济范围内的建模者和区域科学家思考,并提供了一个简短的反思和愿望。
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引用次数: 5
Foreign Direct Investment and Employment Growth in the States of Mexico: Competitiveness and Social Progress 墨西哥的外国直接投资和就业增长:竞争力和社会进步
IF 2.3 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-01-08 DOI: 10.1177/0160017620979665
Alfonso Mendoza-Velázquez, Alejandro Rondero-Garcia, L. D. Conde-Cortés
Employment growth is a desirable outcome of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and the economic performance of regions. However, the evidence available for Mexico is inconclusive. This study aims to contribute to the literature by assessing the dynamic relation between FDI and employment in the states of Mexico, and investigating the conditioning role of social progress, local public investment and competitiveness. We employ Impulse Response Functions and variance decomposition, derived from a Panel Vector Autoregressive (PVAR) model. The results provide evidence on the nexus between employment growth and the different types of FDI. We confirm the dynamic interrelation is, at best, weak.
就业增长是外国直接投资(FDI)和地区经济表现的理想结果。然而,墨西哥的现有证据尚无定论。本研究旨在通过评估墨西哥各州FDI与就业之间的动态关系,以及调查社会进步、地方公共投资和竞争力的调节作用,为文献做出贡献。我们采用脉冲响应函数和方差分解,衍生自面板向量自回归(PVAR)模型。研究结果为就业增长与不同类型的外国直接投资之间的关系提供了证据。我们确认这种动态相互关系充其量是微弱的。
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引用次数: 1
Tourism Business, Place Identity, Sustainable Development, and Urban Resilience: A Focus on the Sociocultural Dimension 旅游业、地方认同、可持续发展和城市弹性:一个社会文化维度的焦点
IF 2.3 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/0160017620925130
Pilar Jiménez-Medina, Andrés Artal-Tur, Noelia Sánchez-Casado
La Unión is a city located in the southeast of Spain with a long mining tradition. Along the twentieth century, this place faced a severe industrial crisis. Building on its history, heritage, and resources, the local economy changed towards the mining heritage tourism business. This article describes such a process of sustainable development and urban resilience through a two-stage approach. First, the focus is on explaining how the locality moved from being a mining industrial area to a mining heritage tourism place. In doing so, the study highlights the key role played by the cooperation of the local government and the nearby university. The second stage shows how the new economic model is firmly rooted on the mining identity of the place and what provides higher levels of sustainability to the destination from a social and cultural view. In this context, the article shows how the place identity model of tourism would be eager to limit the negative impacts usually associated with the spread of tourism, consequently receiving further support by the local population. To better understand the second-stage process, the study defines a theoretical framework and tests it empirically through a structural equation modeling approach. Results of the research provide regional policy advices.
拉乌尼翁是西班牙东南部的一座城市,有着悠久的采矿传统。在二十世纪,这个地方面临着严重的工业危机。在其历史、遗产和资源的基础上,当地经济向矿业遗产旅游业转变。本文通过两阶段的方法描述了这样一个可持续发展和城市恢复力的过程。首先,重点是解释该地区是如何从采矿工业区转变为采矿遗产旅游地的。在这样做的过程中,该研究强调了当地政府和附近大学的合作所发挥的关键作用。第二阶段展示了新的经济模式如何牢固地植根于该地的采矿身份,以及从社会和文化角度来看,是什么为目的地提供了更高水平的可持续性。在这种背景下,文章展示了旅游业的地方认同模式如何急于限制通常与旅游业传播相关的负面影响,从而得到当地民众的进一步支持。为了更好地理解第二阶段的过程,本研究定义了一个理论框架,并通过结构方程建模方法对其进行了实证检验。研究结果为区域政策提供了建议。
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引用次数: 12
期刊
International Regional Science Review
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