Pub Date : 2022-05-14DOI: 10.1177/01600176221092315
Song Wang, Jiexin Wang, Yixiao Wang, Xueli Wang
The spillover effect serves as the basis of regional collaborative innovation. Existing research on innovation spillover focuses on the overall impact of a region's innovation factors on local and other regions' innovation activities. However, re-spillover may occur since the flow of innovation factors between any two regions may influence the innovation in third-party regions. This study quantifies labor flow, capital flow, and institutional learning between regions in China using a gravity model and a social network analysis model, and then applies a spatial econometric model to investigate innovation spillover and re-spillover. The results show that re-spillover can better explain levels of regional innovation. Capital, government support, labour flow, capital flow, and institutional learning have a positive spillover effect on local innovation, while labour flow also has positive spillover effects to other regions.
{"title":"Spillover and Re-Spillover in China’s Collaborative Innovation","authors":"Song Wang, Jiexin Wang, Yixiao Wang, Xueli Wang","doi":"10.1177/01600176221092315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01600176221092315","url":null,"abstract":"The spillover effect serves as the basis of regional collaborative innovation. Existing research on innovation spillover focuses on the overall impact of a region's innovation factors on local and other regions' innovation activities. However, re-spillover may occur since the flow of innovation factors between any two regions may influence the innovation in third-party regions. This study quantifies labor flow, capital flow, and institutional learning between regions in China using a gravity model and a social network analysis model, and then applies a spatial econometric model to investigate innovation spillover and re-spillover. The results show that re-spillover can better explain levels of regional innovation. Capital, government support, labour flow, capital flow, and institutional learning have a positive spillover effect on local innovation, while labour flow also has positive spillover effects to other regions.","PeriodicalId":51507,"journal":{"name":"International Regional Science Review","volume":"46 1","pages":"38 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46488230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-11DOI: 10.1177/01600176221099182
R. Garcia, V. Araújo, S. Mascarini, Emerson Gomes Santos, A. Costa, Sarah Ferreira
Inward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) can generate important knowledge spillovers on local economies, fostering regional innovation, especially in developing countries. In this paper, we analyze how regional industrial structure shapes the effects of inward FDI spillovers on the innovative performance of Brazilian regions. Prior literature has analyzed the effects of FDI spillovers on the productivity of host countries’ firms, while less attention has been given to the corresponding effects on regional innovation. Thus, we use data on the investments of Multinational Companies in Brazilian regions for 2003-2014 and relate these data to the innovative performance measured by patents. Our results show that inward FDI positively influences innovation at the regional level since Brazilian regions that receive inward FDI present stronger innovative performance. In addition, the positive effects of inward FDI on local innovation are reinforced by the diversity of the regional industrial structure. Diversified regions that receive inward FDI are therefore better able to leverage the benefits of inward FDI spillovers.
{"title":"How Industrial Diversity Shapes the Effects of Foreign Direct Investment Spillovers on Regional Innovation","authors":"R. Garcia, V. Araújo, S. Mascarini, Emerson Gomes Santos, A. Costa, Sarah Ferreira","doi":"10.1177/01600176221099182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01600176221099182","url":null,"abstract":"Inward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) can generate important knowledge spillovers on local economies, fostering regional innovation, especially in developing countries. In this paper, we analyze how regional industrial structure shapes the effects of inward FDI spillovers on the innovative performance of Brazilian regions. Prior literature has analyzed the effects of FDI spillovers on the productivity of host countries’ firms, while less attention has been given to the corresponding effects on regional innovation. Thus, we use data on the investments of Multinational Companies in Brazilian regions for 2003-2014 and relate these data to the innovative performance measured by patents. Our results show that inward FDI positively influences innovation at the regional level since Brazilian regions that receive inward FDI present stronger innovative performance. In addition, the positive effects of inward FDI on local innovation are reinforced by the diversity of the regional industrial structure. Diversified regions that receive inward FDI are therefore better able to leverage the benefits of inward FDI spillovers.","PeriodicalId":51507,"journal":{"name":"International Regional Science Review","volume":"46 1","pages":"98 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46991711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-08DOI: 10.1177/01600176221092483
D. Robinson, Bogdan Caradima
A multi-scale suitability analysis using big data (4.7 million suitability scores) is presented across a large spatial extent (1.076 million km2) to identify potential locations for new home-improvement retail stores. Suitability scores were generated for individual property parcels using criteria weights derived from surveyed retail-industry experts. To increase capacity for site selection, distributions of suitability scores were generated at census dissemination areas (populations 500-700; n = 19,963) and census metropolitan and agglomeration areas (core populations >10,000; n = 43). Analogues among metropolitan and agglomeration areas were generated and spatial clustering was used to identify groups of highly-suitable parcels within urban areas. Lastly, individual parcels can be interrogated for overall suitability or individual criteria scores. Our approach combines retail methods typically used in isolation (e.g. location quotient, Huff’s model, network analysis) and demonstrates how a simple survey can be used to weight criteria. Results show that survey respondents were in general agreement and that top-line revenues were more critical to perceived location success than development and operational costs. Analysis of suitability scores found analogues and clusters of census metropolitan areas that coincide with store sales as well as clusters of highly suitable parcels predominantly located around major highways. In addition to identifying challenges and solutions to the presented research, we also describe future research directions that extend the presented static analysis to include processes like store closure and openings, competition, and land use change through the use of agent-based modelling.
{"title":"A Multi-Scale Suitability Analysis of Home-Improvement Retail-Store Site Selection for Ontario, Canada","authors":"D. Robinson, Bogdan Caradima","doi":"10.1177/01600176221092483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01600176221092483","url":null,"abstract":"A multi-scale suitability analysis using big data (4.7 million suitability scores) is presented across a large spatial extent (1.076 million km2) to identify potential locations for new home-improvement retail stores. Suitability scores were generated for individual property parcels using criteria weights derived from surveyed retail-industry experts. To increase capacity for site selection, distributions of suitability scores were generated at census dissemination areas (populations 500-700; n = 19,963) and census metropolitan and agglomeration areas (core populations >10,000; n = 43). Analogues among metropolitan and agglomeration areas were generated and spatial clustering was used to identify groups of highly-suitable parcels within urban areas. Lastly, individual parcels can be interrogated for overall suitability or individual criteria scores. Our approach combines retail methods typically used in isolation (e.g. location quotient, Huff’s model, network analysis) and demonstrates how a simple survey can be used to weight criteria. Results show that survey respondents were in general agreement and that top-line revenues were more critical to perceived location success than development and operational costs. Analysis of suitability scores found analogues and clusters of census metropolitan areas that coincide with store sales as well as clusters of highly suitable parcels predominantly located around major highways. In addition to identifying challenges and solutions to the presented research, we also describe future research directions that extend the presented static analysis to include processes like store closure and openings, competition, and land use change through the use of agent-based modelling.","PeriodicalId":51507,"journal":{"name":"International Regional Science Review","volume":"46 1","pages":"69 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48339794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-05DOI: 10.1177/01600176221082308
Yingcheng Li, D. Rigby
Innovation is generally regarded as critical to long-run economic growth. Recent work, at different spatial scales, suggests economies that develop more complex technologies that are related to their existing knowledge stocks enjoy a growth premium. Thus, “smarter” forms of innovation may accelerate growth. These claims are examined using Chinese patent data distributed across 286 cities over the period 1991–2015. Fixed-effects panel models report that city-level GDP growth in China has a significant and positive relationship with diversification into more related and complex technologies, after controlling for the overall pace of innovation and other covariates. Robustness checks focusing on spatial autocorrelation and endogeneity affirm the core findings.
{"title":"Relatedness, Complexity, and Economic Growth in Chinese Cities","authors":"Yingcheng Li, D. Rigby","doi":"10.1177/01600176221082308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01600176221082308","url":null,"abstract":"Innovation is generally regarded as critical to long-run economic growth. Recent work, at different spatial scales, suggests economies that develop more complex technologies that are related to their existing knowledge stocks enjoy a growth premium. Thus, “smarter” forms of innovation may accelerate growth. These claims are examined using Chinese patent data distributed across 286 cities over the period 1991–2015. Fixed-effects panel models report that city-level GDP growth in China has a significant and positive relationship with diversification into more related and complex technologies, after controlling for the overall pace of innovation and other covariates. Robustness checks focusing on spatial autocorrelation and endogeneity affirm the core findings.","PeriodicalId":51507,"journal":{"name":"International Regional Science Review","volume":"46 1","pages":"3 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43023244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-02DOI: 10.1177/01600176221094198
V. K. Schmidt, A. Zen, B. A. Bittencourt
Regional economic resilience is a term used to describe the ability of economic systems to withstand, recover from, and adapt to different economic and technological shocks. The literature argues that clustered firms perform better than isolated firms in regional economic systems. This study aims to analyze the influence of regional resilience elements on the performance of firms in a cluster. Therefore, we surveyed 194 wineries in the Wine Cluster of the Serra Gaúcha (WCSG) in Brazil. We confirmed a positive and significant linear relationship among economic specialization, international relations, technological heterogeneity, and public policies. The case of the WCSG highlights the adaptation process as a source of economic resilience. After facing several shocks in its territory, the cluster was able to organize itself, recombining different knowledge sources to explore new economic paths. This study contributes to the theoretical and managerial fields by discussing resilience along the cluster’s trajectory.
{"title":"The Influence of Regional Resilience Elements on the Performance of Clustered Firms","authors":"V. K. Schmidt, A. Zen, B. A. Bittencourt","doi":"10.1177/01600176221094198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01600176221094198","url":null,"abstract":"Regional economic resilience is a term used to describe the ability of economic systems to withstand, recover from, and adapt to different economic and technological shocks. The literature argues that clustered firms perform better than isolated firms in regional economic systems. This study aims to analyze the influence of regional resilience elements on the performance of firms in a cluster. Therefore, we surveyed 194 wineries in the Wine Cluster of the Serra Gaúcha (WCSG) in Brazil. We confirmed a positive and significant linear relationship among economic specialization, international relations, technological heterogeneity, and public policies. The case of the WCSG highlights the adaptation process as a source of economic resilience. After facing several shocks in its territory, the cluster was able to organize itself, recombining different knowledge sources to explore new economic paths. This study contributes to the theoretical and managerial fields by discussing resilience along the cluster’s trajectory.","PeriodicalId":51507,"journal":{"name":"International Regional Science Review","volume":"45 1","pages":"503 - 533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43940067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-27DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-328547
Patrick Oeckl, Sarah Anderl-Straub, Christine A F Von Arnim, Inês Baldeiras, Janine Diehl-Schmid, Timo Grimmer, Steffen Halbgebauer, Anna M Kort, Marisa Lima, Tainá M Marques, Marion Ortner, Isabel Santana, Petra Steinacker, Marcel M Verbeek, Alexander E Volk, Albert C Ludolph, Markus Otto
Objective: Reactive astrogliosis is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) but differences between the diseases and time course are unclear. Here, we used serum levels of the astroglial marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) to investigate differences in patients with AD dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI)-AD and behavioural variant FTD (bvFTD).
Methods: This multicentre study included serum samples from patients diagnosed with AD dementia (n=230), MCI-AD (n=111), bvFTD (n=140) and controls (n=129). A subgroup of patients with MCI-AD (n=32) was longitudinally followed-up for 3.9±2.6 years after sample collection. Serum levels of GFAP, neurofilament light chain (NfL) and pTau181 were measured by Simoa (Quanterix) and Ella (ProteinSimple).
Results: In total, samples from 610 individuals from four clinical centres were investigated in this study. Serum GFAP levels in AD dementia were increased (median 375 pg/mL, IQR 276-505 pg/mL) compared with controls (167 pg/mL, IQR 108-234 pg/mL) and bvFTD (190 pg/mL, IQR 134-298 pg/mL, p<0.001). GFAP was already increased in the early disease phase (MCI-AD, 300 pg/mL, IQR 232-433 pg/mL, p<0.001) and was higher in patients with MCI-AD who developed dementia during follow-up (360 pg/mL, IQR 253-414 pg/mL vs 215 pg/mL, IQR 111-266 pg/mL, p<0.01, area under the curve (AUC)=0.77). Diagnostic performance of serum GFAP for AD (AUC=0.84, sensitivity 98%, specificity 60%, likelihood ratio 2.5) was comparable to serum pTau181 (AUC=0.89, sensitivity 80%, specificity 87%, likelihood ratio 6.0) but superior to serum NfL (AUC=0.71, sensitivity 92%, specificity 49%, likelihood ratio 1.8).
Conclusions: Our data indicate a different type of reactive astrogliosis in AD and bvFTD and support serum GFAP as biomarker for differential diagnosis and prediction of MCI-to-dementia conversion.
{"title":"Serum GFAP differentiates Alzheimer's disease from frontotemporal dementia and predicts MCI-to-dementia conversion.","authors":"Patrick Oeckl, Sarah Anderl-Straub, Christine A F Von Arnim, Inês Baldeiras, Janine Diehl-Schmid, Timo Grimmer, Steffen Halbgebauer, Anna M Kort, Marisa Lima, Tainá M Marques, Marion Ortner, Isabel Santana, Petra Steinacker, Marcel M Verbeek, Alexander E Volk, Albert C Ludolph, Markus Otto","doi":"10.1136/jnnp-2021-328547","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jnnp-2021-328547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Reactive astrogliosis is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) but differences between the diseases and time course are unclear. Here, we used serum levels of the astroglial marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) to investigate differences in patients with AD dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI)-AD and behavioural variant FTD (bvFTD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicentre study included serum samples from patients diagnosed with AD dementia (n=230), MCI-AD (n=111), bvFTD (n=140) and controls (n=129). A subgroup of patients with MCI-AD (n=32) was longitudinally followed-up for 3.9±2.6 years after sample collection. Serum levels of GFAP, neurofilament light chain (NfL) and pTau181 were measured by Simoa (Quanterix) and Ella (ProteinSimple).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, samples from 610 individuals from four clinical centres were investigated in this study. Serum GFAP levels in AD dementia were increased (median 375 pg/mL, IQR 276-505 pg/mL) compared with controls (167 pg/mL, IQR 108-234 pg/mL) and bvFTD (190 pg/mL, IQR 134-298 pg/mL, p<0.001). GFAP was already increased in the early disease phase (MCI-AD, 300 pg/mL, IQR 232-433 pg/mL, p<0.001) and was higher in patients with MCI-AD who developed dementia during follow-up (360 pg/mL, IQR 253-414 pg/mL vs 215 pg/mL, IQR 111-266 pg/mL, p<0.01, area under the curve (AUC)=0.77). Diagnostic performance of serum GFAP for AD (AUC=0.84, sensitivity 98%, specificity 60%, likelihood ratio 2.5) was comparable to serum pTau181 (AUC=0.89, sensitivity 80%, specificity 87%, likelihood ratio 6.0) but superior to serum NfL (AUC=0.71, sensitivity 92%, specificity 49%, likelihood ratio 1.8).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our data indicate a different type of reactive astrogliosis in AD and bvFTD and support serum GFAP as biomarker for differential diagnosis and prediction of MCI-to-dementia conversion.</p>","PeriodicalId":51507,"journal":{"name":"International Regional Science Review","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87055922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-04DOI: 10.1177/01600176221082309
A. Maza
Okun’s law is one of the best-known stylized facts in the economic literature, as well as one of the most widely used policy tools. The aim of this paper, which utilizes a comprehensive sample of 265 European regions by using annual observations covering the period from 2000 to 2019, is to deepen our knowledge of Okun’s law from two perspectives: on one hand, by checking the existence and intensity of regional differences, and on the other hand, by assessing the factors that explain them. To this end, in the first part, we apply a heterogeneous panel approach that deals with cross-sectional dependence, which allows us to obtain an average coefficient as well as region-specific coefficients. In the second part, a cross-sectional spatial model is used to uncover explanatory factors. Our findings reveal quite remarkable regional differences, as well as a somewhat geographical pattern in them. Moreover, they point out the importance of demographic factors (such as gender and age), labor market variables (share of employment in industry and construction, as well as self-employment and part-time employment and the severity of long-term unemployment), R&D expenditure, and some national institutional factors when it comes to explaining differences across regions.
{"title":"Regional Differences in Okun’s Law and Explanatory Factors: Some Insights From Europe","authors":"A. Maza","doi":"10.1177/01600176221082309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01600176221082309","url":null,"abstract":"Okun’s law is one of the best-known stylized facts in the economic literature, as well as one of the most widely used policy tools. The aim of this paper, which utilizes a comprehensive sample of 265 European regions by using annual observations covering the period from 2000 to 2019, is to deepen our knowledge of Okun’s law from two perspectives: on one hand, by checking the existence and intensity of regional differences, and on the other hand, by assessing the factors that explain them. To this end, in the first part, we apply a heterogeneous panel approach that deals with cross-sectional dependence, which allows us to obtain an average coefficient as well as region-specific coefficients. In the second part, a cross-sectional spatial model is used to uncover explanatory factors. Our findings reveal quite remarkable regional differences, as well as a somewhat geographical pattern in them. Moreover, they point out the importance of demographic factors (such as gender and age), labor market variables (share of employment in industry and construction, as well as self-employment and part-time employment and the severity of long-term unemployment), R&D expenditure, and some national institutional factors when it comes to explaining differences across regions.","PeriodicalId":51507,"journal":{"name":"International Regional Science Review","volume":"45 1","pages":"555 - 580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44573996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-26DOI: 10.1177/01600176211059981
M. Wrede
This paper examines how short-term rentals are changing living conditions and the composition of the population in affected parts of a town. First, to analyze the relation between quality, distance, and rents, we develop a spatial monocentric city model with varying housing quality levels. Second, for 200 m grids in the city of Berlin (Germany) in 2019, we show that the proportion of low and medium quality residential units correlates positively near the city center with the probability of Airbnb listings and the number of these listings, but negatively in the suburbs. Third, applying fixed effect and IV strategies, we investigate the impact of Airbnb listings on living conditions and the composition of the population in the almost 450 planning areas of Berlin in the years 2016–2019. We show that Airbnb offers increase the number of residents with long periods of residence and reduce the number of residents in low-quality residential environments, but we do not find above-average effects on socially weak groups. JEL Classification: R21, R31, Z32
{"title":"How Short-Term Rentals are Changing the Neighborhood","authors":"M. Wrede","doi":"10.1177/01600176211059981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01600176211059981","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines how short-term rentals are changing living conditions and the composition of the population in affected parts of a town. First, to analyze the relation between quality, distance, and rents, we develop a spatial monocentric city model with varying housing quality levels. Second, for 200 m grids in the city of Berlin (Germany) in 2019, we show that the proportion of low and medium quality residential units correlates positively near the city center with the probability of Airbnb listings and the number of these listings, but negatively in the suburbs. Third, applying fixed effect and IV strategies, we investigate the impact of Airbnb listings on living conditions and the composition of the population in the almost 450 planning areas of Berlin in the years 2016–2019. We show that Airbnb offers increase the number of residents with long periods of residence and reduce the number of residents in low-quality residential environments, but we do not find above-average effects on socially weak groups. JEL Classification: R21, R31, Z32","PeriodicalId":51507,"journal":{"name":"International Regional Science Review","volume":"45 1","pages":"417 - 443"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45506795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-26DOI: 10.1177/01600176211056232
J. C. Lopez
In recent years, there has been a debate over the extent to which housing-supply regulations increase inequality and reduce workers access to more productive cities. This problem is formalized in a two-city model with skilled and unskilled workers to study the impact of one city relaxing land-use restrictions. Such a policy will raise welfare, but inequality and the number of unskilled workers locating in more productive cities may rise or fall. And when the policy does reduce inequality, there is a decline in unskilled workers in the higher productivity city. Inclusive zoning policies can mitigate this effect but weaken agglomeration economies. A city authority that takes into account equity considerations may prioritize more or less housing for unskilled workers than the market, depending on the degree of societal aversion to inequality. The model is extended to include homeownership and racial discrimination in the housing market. Homeowners are not necessarily harmed by less restrictive land-use policy, but racial discrimination reduces the benefits of homeownership for minority groups.
{"title":"Will Increasing Housing Supply Reduce Urban Inequality?","authors":"J. C. Lopez","doi":"10.1177/01600176211056232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01600176211056232","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been a debate over the extent to which housing-supply regulations increase inequality and reduce workers access to more productive cities. This problem is formalized in a two-city model with skilled and unskilled workers to study the impact of one city relaxing land-use restrictions. Such a policy will raise welfare, but inequality and the number of unskilled workers locating in more productive cities may rise or fall. And when the policy does reduce inequality, there is a decline in unskilled workers in the higher productivity city. Inclusive zoning policies can mitigate this effect but weaken agglomeration economies. A city authority that takes into account equity considerations may prioritize more or less housing for unskilled workers than the market, depending on the degree of societal aversion to inequality. The model is extended to include homeownership and racial discrimination in the housing market. Homeowners are not necessarily harmed by less restrictive land-use policy, but racial discrimination reduces the benefits of homeownership for minority groups.","PeriodicalId":51507,"journal":{"name":"International Regional Science Review","volume":"45 1","pages":"383 - 416"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48899969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-25DOI: 10.1177/01600176211056237
Alberto Díaz-Dapena, Ticiana Grecco Zanon Moura, F. Rubiera-Morollón
International trade is one of the key spheres of economic policy. It is crucial for a country to understand the dynamics of its export markets to create a coherent strategy to improve its position in global markets. Research in this field is particularly interesting for both economists and policy makers. However, due to a lack of data, most of the well-established literature is focused on the national level. Therefore, there is little evidence on the influence of local characteristics on export markets. This research aims to evaluate the influence of regional factors on the competitiveness of firms in international markets, focussing on the importance of agglomeration economies and location, among other local factors. To identify this influence, this paper studies the case of Brazil. This country offers rich disaggregated information that allows this type of research and displays enormous differences across rural and urban areas. Given these differences, the assumption of homogeneous effects is too restrictive. Therefore, to study the patterns across different territories around the country, Geographically Weighted Generalized Linear Model (GWGLM) method is applied. The results indicate an interaction between location and the influence of several local characteristics such as human capital, the degree of development and the local economic structure. This relationship creates virtuous circles in a few locations where urban agglomerations create a suitable environment for firms, while opposite patterns appear in other locations. JEL codes: F14, R11 and R12
{"title":"From the Local Economy to the Global Market. Municipal-Level Spatial Economic Modelling of International Trade for Brazil","authors":"Alberto Díaz-Dapena, Ticiana Grecco Zanon Moura, F. Rubiera-Morollón","doi":"10.1177/01600176211056237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01600176211056237","url":null,"abstract":"International trade is one of the key spheres of economic policy. It is crucial for a country to understand the dynamics of its export markets to create a coherent strategy to improve its position in global markets. Research in this field is particularly interesting for both economists and policy makers. However, due to a lack of data, most of the well-established literature is focused on the national level. Therefore, there is little evidence on the influence of local characteristics on export markets. This research aims to evaluate the influence of regional factors on the competitiveness of firms in international markets, focussing on the importance of agglomeration economies and location, among other local factors. To identify this influence, this paper studies the case of Brazil. This country offers rich disaggregated information that allows this type of research and displays enormous differences across rural and urban areas. Given these differences, the assumption of homogeneous effects is too restrictive. Therefore, to study the patterns across different territories around the country, Geographically Weighted Generalized Linear Model (GWGLM) method is applied. The results indicate an interaction between location and the influence of several local characteristics such as human capital, the degree of development and the local economic structure. This relationship creates virtuous circles in a few locations where urban agglomerations create a suitable environment for firms, while opposite patterns appear in other locations. JEL codes: F14, R11 and R12","PeriodicalId":51507,"journal":{"name":"International Regional Science Review","volume":"45 1","pages":"352 - 379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43319174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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