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A Spatial Econometric Analysis of Productivity Variations Across US Cities 美国各城市生产力差异的空间计量经济学分析
IF 2.3 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.1177/01600176231217952
Bernard Fingleton
Using a dynamic spatial panel model applied to 377 US Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs), estimated over the period 2011-2021, significant differences are found between large MSAs regarding the relationship between labour productivity and economic mass, as measured by GDP. The methodology adopted illustrates the state of the art for spatial econometric modeling as it is often needed in practice, allowing for multiple endogenous regressors and dynamic effects. The estimation method applies synthetic instruments designed to limit negative effects of instrument overabundance.
采用动态空间面板模型,对2011-2021年期间377个美国大都市统计区(msa)进行估算,发现大型msa之间的劳动生产率与经济体量之间的关系存在显著差异(以GDP衡量)。所采用的方法说明了空间计量经济建模的最新技术,因为它在实践中经常需要,允许多个内生回归因子和动态效应。该估计方法采用旨在限制仪器过多负面影响的合成仪器。
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引用次数: 0
Neighborhood Food Accessibility and Health Disparity: Examining the Impact of COVID-19 Using Spatial Models 社区食物可及性与健康差异:利用空间模型研究COVID-19的影响
3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1177/01600176231214205
Sung Eun Sally Oh, Daeyoung Kwon, Brian H. S. Kim
COVID-19 exacerbated food system vulnerabilities globally. This study assesses the impact of shock events on food accessibility in New York City (NYC) by examining its association with neighborhood characteristics between 2019 and 2020. We model food accessibility using socioeconomic and built environment factors, adjusting for spatial effects with spatial econometric models and geographically weighted regression (GWR). Our spatial modeling methods reveal diverging relationships between minority racial/ethnic groups and food accessibility, as well as a negative change in the effect of income. Overall, our results indicate that food accessibility worsened or polarized during the pandemic, suggesting the need for improved network connectivity and smaller-scale food stores to achieve equitable and resilient food systems.
COVID-19加剧了全球粮食系统的脆弱性。本研究通过研究2019年至2020年期间冲击事件与社区特征的关系,评估了冲击事件对纽约市食物可及性的影响。我们利用社会经济和建筑环境因素对食物可及性进行建模,并利用空间计量模型和地理加权回归(GWR)对空间效应进行调整。我们的空间建模方法揭示了少数种族/民族群体与食物可及性之间的差异关系,以及收入影响的负变化。总体而言,我们的研究结果表明,粮食可及性在疫情期间恶化或两极分化,这表明需要改善网络连通性和规模较小的粮食储存,以实现公平和有弹性的粮食系统。
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引用次数: 0
The Long Shadow of a Major Disaster: Modeled Dynamic Impacts of the Hypothetical HayWired Earthquake on California’s Economy 一场重大灾难的漫长阴影:假想的HayWired地震对加州经济的模拟动态影响
3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1177/01600176231202451
Ian Sue Wing, Adam Rose, Dan Wei, Anne Wein
We develop and apply a dynamic economic simulation model to analyze the multi-regional impacts of, and mechanisms of recovery from, a major disaster, the HayWired scenario — a hypothetical Magnitude 7.0 earthquake affecting California’s San Francisco Bay Area. The model integrates loss pathways: capital stock damage, labor supply shocks due to short-term population displacement and longer-run out-migration from damaged areas, and the exacerbating effects of damage to transportation infrastructure capital, as well as various aspects of static and dynamic economic resilience. With input substitution-based static inherent resilience and dynamic resilience in the form of optimal intertemporal and spatial investment allocation, gross output losses range from 0.5 percent to 6 percent across regions, and welfare losses are 0.4 percent statewide but can be ten times as large in hardest-hit areas. Large-scale reconstruction investment is supported by substantial interregional transfers of resources through intra-state trade. Increased output via firms engaging in the key adaptive resilience tactic of production recapture can alleviate a substantial fraction of losses—but only if upstream and downstream barriers to recovery can be lowered quickly.
我们开发并应用了一个动态经济模拟模型来分析一场重大灾难的多区域影响和恢复机制,即HayWired情景——一场影响加州旧金山湾区的7.0级地震。该模型整合了损失路径:资本存量损失、短期人口迁移和受损地区长期外迁造成的劳动力供给冲击、交通基础设施资本受损的加剧效应,以及静态和动态经济弹性的各个方面。考虑到以投入替代为基础的静态固有弹性和以最佳跨期和空间投资分配为形式的动态弹性,各地区的总产出损失在0.5%至6%之间,全州的福利损失为0.4%,但在受灾最严重的地区,这一损失可能高达10倍。大规模的重建投资得到了通过国家内部贸易进行的大量区域间资源转移的支持。通过企业参与生产恢复的关键适应性恢复策略来增加产量可以减轻很大一部分损失,但前提是上游和下游的恢复障碍能够迅速降低。
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引用次数: 0
A Review of the Literature About Broadband Internet Connections and Rural Development (1995-2022) 宽带互联网连接与农村发展的文献综述(1995-2022)
3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.1177/01600176231202457
Elizabeth A. Mack, Scott Loveridge, Thomas Keene, John Mann
This article provides a systematic review of the quantitative social science research on broadband Internet technology in rural areas. Specifically, we summarize the literature on 1) rural broadband availability and adoption behaviors and 2) the implications of these behaviors for rural businesses, public policy initiatives, and regional development. In the studies reviewed, rural areas suffer from both lower availability and lower adoption rates compared to their urban counterparts. However, researchers disagree on whether supply frictions inherent to rural areas or heterogeneous demand and adoption behaviors are the major cause of this outcome. Researchers widely agree that high-speed Internet improves economic outcomes of rural areas, whether it is through increases in business activity or in more general economic development measures (e.g. productivity, jobs, income). Impact evaluations of rural broadband policy initiatives produced mixed results, highlighting the need for a better understanding of agents’ incentives. This review points to four areas for future research. One, assessments of the long-term impact of broadband on rural economies. Two, analyses of the net effect of broadband on economic development outcomes (e.g. migrants, job creation). Three, assessments of economic development impacts associated with broadband speed. Four, assessments of the efficacy of broadband policies.
本文对农村宽带互联网技术的定量社会科学研究进行了系统回顾。具体而言,我们总结了以下方面的文献:1)农村宽带的可用性和采用行为;2)这些行为对农村企业、公共政策举措和区域发展的影响。在审查的研究中,与城市相比,农村地区的可用性和采用率都较低。然而,对于农村地区固有的供给摩擦,还是异质的需求和采用行为是导致这一结果的主要原因,研究人员意见不一。研究人员普遍认为,高速互联网改善了农村地区的经济成果,无论是通过增加商业活动还是通过更一般的经济发展措施(如生产力、就业、收入)。对农村宽带政策举措的影响评估产生了好坏参半的结果,突出表明需要更好地了解代理的动机。这篇综述指出了未来研究的四个领域。第一,评估宽带对农村经济的长期影响。第二,宽带对经济发展结果(如移民、创造就业)的净效应分析。第三,评估与宽带速度相关的经济发展影响。第四,评估宽带政策的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Regional Implications of COVID-19 新冠肺炎的区域影响
IF 2.3 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-07-12 DOI: 10.1177/01600176231189433
Sébastien Bourdin, N. Levratto
This special issue of the International Regional Science Review illuminates the “geography of COVID-19”, examining the spatial patterns, distribution, and interconnectedness of COVID-19 cases. It explores the regional disparities in infection rates, highlighting how socioeconomic factors, mobility, and healthcare accessibility contributed to these inequalities. The issue is divided into three sections, focusing on regional economic dynamics and labor markets, public health responses and vaccination policies, and social and demographic vulnerabilities. Each section comprises research papers presenting insights and analyses on their respective topics, from labor mobility responses to vaccine hesitancy, job insecurity, regional resilience, and more. This issue underscores the importance of regional science in addressing the multifaceted challenges posed by the pandemic and formulating effective, location-specific strategies to mitigate its impacts.
《国际区域科学评论》的这期特刊阐述了“新冠肺炎的地理”,研究了新冠肺炎病例的空间模式、分布和相互联系。它探讨了感染率的地区差异,强调了社会经济因素、流动性和医疗保健可及性是如何导致这些不平等的。该问题分为三个部分,重点关注区域经济动态和劳动力市场、公共卫生应对措施和疫苗接种政策以及社会和人口脆弱性。每一部分都包括研究论文,介绍了对各自主题的见解和分析,从劳动力流动应对到疫苗犹豫、工作不安全、地区韧性等。这一问题突显了区域科学在应对疫情带来的多方面挑战和制定有效的、针对特定地点的战略以减轻其影响方面的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Do New Firms Boost Local Innovation? Evidence From Turkey 新公司能促进本地创新吗?来自土耳其的证据
IF 2.3 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.1177/01600176231173433
B. Karahasan
New firms have been regarded as one of the key elements for local development. Existing studies focus on the direct impact of new firms via labour markets and job creation. However, the impact of new firms on regional innovation is less investigated. Our analyses are conducted for a developing country, Turkey. Findings of the study show that new firms are crucial for the regional differences in innovation. Results are robust to spatial dependence, an alternative firm formation measure, various regional controls and endogeneity issues. Additionally, impact of the new firms is spatially non-homogenous reminding the ineffectiveness of one-size-fits-all type policies.
新公司被视为地方发展的关键因素之一。现有的研究集中在新公司通过劳动力市场和创造就业机会的直接影响上。然而,新企业对区域创新的影响研究较少。我们的分析是针对发展中国家土耳其进行的。研究结果表明,新企业对区域创新差异起着至关重要的作用。结果对空间依赖性、替代企业形成措施、各种区域控制和内生性问题具有鲁棒性。此外,新企业的影响在空间上具有非同质性,这提醒了一刀切型政策的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Transport Infrastructure, Intra-Regional Inequality and Urban-Rural Divide: Evidence From China’s High-Speed Rail Construction 交通基础设施、区域内不平等与城乡差距:来自中国高铁建设的证据
IF 2.3 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.1177/01600176231177672
Yan Xu, Shengjun Zhu
While the impact of transport infrastructure on regional disparity has been widely examined, its effect on intra-regional inequality has received less attention. Based on panel data at China’s prefecture-city level during 2007–2018, we adopt the Difference-in-Differences model to investigate whether high-speed rail affects one type of intra-regional inequality, the urban-rural income gap. The results show that high-speed rail operation has widened the urban-rural income gap by boosting the agglomeration of population, financial capital, and economic activities in urban areas adjacent to high-speed rail stations. Furthermore, the effect varies across cities. The impact of high-speed rail on the urban-rural income gap is more evident in small and less developed cities due to the polarization effect. In contrast, this is not observed in large and developed cities. One possible reason is that, in the latter, the diffusion effect is much stronger.
虽然运输基础设施对区域差异的影响已经得到了广泛的研究,但其对区域内不平等的影响却没有得到太多关注。基于2007-2018年中国地级市的面板数据,我们采用差异中的差异模型来调查高铁是否影响一种类型的区域内不平等,即城乡收入差距。研究结果表明,高铁运营通过促进高铁站附近城市人口、金融资本和经济活动的集聚,扩大了城乡收入差距。此外,影响因城市而异。由于两极分化效应,高铁对城乡收入差距的影响在小城市和欠发达城市更为明显。相比之下,在大城市和发达城市却没有观察到这种情况。一个可能的原因是,在后者中,扩散效应更强。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Religion on Regional Economic Development: Evidence From 19th Century Prussia 宗教对区域经济发展的影响:来自19世纪普鲁士的证据
IF 2.3 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.1177/01600176231173437
Seung‐hun Chung, M. Partridge
Economic development can be influenced by various policies such as improving infrastructure, changing the legal system, or increasing educational attainment. However, to the extent that culture influences economic outcomes, that is very difficult for policy to alter. To examine culture’s role, we assess religion’s influence on historical regional economic development using 19th-century Prussian data. We find that compared to predominantly Catholic Prussian regions, Protestantism facilitated 19th-century industrialization and agricultural productivity growth. On the other hand, there was not a positive and significant impact of Protestantism on early 19th-century regional population growth, though there is a negative and significant effect in the latter 19th century. This result is robust to using IV regression. Protestantism’s positive impacts on the growth of industrialization and agricultural growth is not explained by differing education levels or by differing birthrates across regions, ruling out other indirect effects of Protestantism, suggesting other cultural roles of religion.
经济发展可以受到各种政策的影响,如改善基础设施、改变法律制度或提高教育程度。然而,就文化影响经济结果的程度而言,政策很难改变这一点。为了检验文化的作用,我们使用19世纪普鲁士的数据来评估宗教对历史区域经济发展的影响。我们发现,与天主教占主导地位的普鲁士地区相比,新教促进了19世纪的工业化和农业生产率的增长。另一方面,新教对19世纪早期的区域人口增长没有积极和显著的影响,尽管在19世纪后期有一个消极和显著的影响。该结果对IV回归具有鲁棒性。新教对工业化和农业增长的积极影响不能用不同地区的教育水平或不同的出生率来解释,这排除了新教的其他间接影响,表明宗教的其他文化角色。
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引用次数: 0
Global Shrinkage of Space and the Hub-and-Spoke System in the Global Trade Network 全球空间收缩与全球贸易网络中的轮辐体系
IF 2.3 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-10 DOI: 10.1177/01600176231160491
Paul H. Jung, J. Thill
We explore how the hub-and-spoke system in the international freight transportation network contributes to the global shrinkage of space. The friction in long-distance trade routes varies by the location of shippers and nodal characteristics of traversed ports, and is mitigated by the quality of scale economies driven by the hub-and-spoke distribution system along the trajectory of the logistic process. In order to confirm the shrinkage of space brought about by the hub-and-spoke shipping economies through transshipment routes via hub ports, we examine disaggregated cross-Atlantic cargo shipping trajectory data from Europe to the U.S. recorded both on landside and seaside with a discrete choice model. The results present that hub-and-spoke shipping economies arise with the scales of landside and maritime port operations and with shipping line diversity. Generally, they are found to offset distance friction that occurs along landside and maritime shipping voyages, but hub-and-spoke shipping economies arise differently depending on how hub-and-spoke configurations are set. They mainly stem from larger scale of ports’ operation and more diverse shipping lines serving the final port of export. The hub-and-spoke system is confirmed as a main driver of global shrinkage of space in terms of long-distance commercial activities.
我们探讨了国际货运网络中的轮辐系统如何导致全球空间萎缩。长途贸易路线中的摩擦因托运人的位置和所经过港口的节点特征而异,并因物流过程中轮辐式配送系统所驱动的规模经济质量而得到缓解。为了证实轮辐式航运经济通过枢纽港转运路线带来的空间收缩,我们用离散选择模型研究了从欧洲到美国的跨大西洋货运轨迹数据,这些数据记录在陆侧和海边。研究结果表明,轮辐航运经济随着陆上和海上港口运营的规模以及航运线路的多样性而产生。一般来说,它们可以抵消陆侧和海上航运航程中发生的距离摩擦,但轮毂和轮辐航运经济的产生方式不同,这取决于轮毂和轮辐配置的设置方式。它们主要源于更大规模的港口运营和为最终出口港服务的更多样化的航运公司。轮辐系统被证实是全球长途商业活动空间萎缩的主要驱动因素。
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引用次数: 0
Using Web-Data to Estimate Spatial Regression Models 利用Web数据估计空间回归模型
IF 2.3 3区 经济学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-05-03 DOI: 10.1177/01600176231173438
G. Arbia, V. Nardelli
Macro econometrics has been recently affected by the so-called ‘Google Econometrics’. Comparatively less attention has been paid to the subject by the regional and spatial sciences where the Big Data revolution is challenging the conventional econometric techniques with the availability of a variety of non- traditionally collected data (such as, e. g., crowdsourcing, web scraping, etc) which are almost invariably geo-coded. However, these unconventionally collected data represent only what in statistics is known as a “convenience sample” that does not allow any sound probabilistic inference. This paper aims at making aware researchers of the consequence of the unwise use of such data in the applied work and to propose a technique to minimize such the negative effects in the estimation of spatial regression. The method consists of manipulating the data prior their use in an inferential context.
宏观计量经济学最近受到所谓“谷歌计量经济学”的影响。区域和空间科学对这一主题的关注相对较少,因为大数据革命正在挑战传统的计量经济技术,因为各种非传统收集的数据(如众包、网络抓取等)几乎都是地理编码的。然而,这些非常规收集的数据只代表统计学中所谓的“方便样本”,不允许任何合理的概率推断。本文旨在让研究人员意识到在应用工作中不明智地使用这些数据的后果,并提出一种在空间回归估计中最大限度地减少这种负面影响的技术。该方法包括在推理上下文中使用数据之前对数据进行操作。
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引用次数: 0
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International Regional Science Review
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