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Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology-Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Experimentale最新文献

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Leveraging social network data to ground multilingual background measures: The case of general and socially based language entropy. 利用社交网络数据进行多语言背景测量:通用语言熵和基于社交网络的语言熵案例。
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1037/cep0000352
Antonio Iniesta, Michelle Yang, Anne L Beatty-Martínez, Inbal Itzhak, Jason W Gullifer, Debra Titone

Recent research on multilingualism highlights the role of language diversity in modulating the cognitive capacities of communication and suggests a gap in available measures for quantifying socially realistic language experience. One questionnaire-based measure that potentially fills this gap is Language Entropy (e.g., Gullifer & Titone, 2018, 2020), which quantifies the balance between compartmentalised and integrated language use. However, an open question is whether questionnaire-based Language Entropy is a valid reflection of socially realistic language behaviours. To address this question, we grounded questionnaire-based Language Entropy using personal social network data for a linguistically diverse sample of speakers of French and English in the city of Montréal (n = 95). Specifically, we used exploratory factor analysis to characterise the factor structures resulting from questionnaire-based and social network-based Entropy. In addition, we examined the generalisability and stability of the relationship between both entropies across three bilingual groups with different social network compositions: simultaneous, English-dominant, and French-dominant. Our findings indicated that both questionnaire-based and social network-based entropies loaded onto the same factors and that the relationship between them was not affected by group differences in social network composition or by context. This suggests that questionnaire-based Language Entropy aligns well with social network-based Entropy and that this relationship is stable across different sociolinguistic realities, validating Language Entropy as a useful tool for quantifying language diversity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

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引用次数: 0
Complex meanings shape early noun and verb vocabulary structure and learning. 复杂的含义决定了早期名词和动词词汇的结构和学习。
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1037/cep0000355
Justin B Kueser, Arielle Borovsky

Verbs and nouns vary in many ways-including in how they are used in language and in the timing of their early learning. We compare the distribution of semantic features that comprise early acquired verb and noun meanings and measure their effect on learning. First, couched in prior literature, we use semantic feature data to establish that features pattern on a hierarchy of complexity, with perceptual features being less complex than other features like encyclopaedic features. Second, given overall semantic and syntactic differences between nouns and verbs, we hypothesize that the preference for directly perceptible features observed for nouns will be attenuated for verbs. Building on prior work using semantic features and semantic networks in nouns, we find that compared to early learned nouns (N = 359), early learned verbs (N = 103) have meanings disproportionately built from complex information inaccessible to the senses. Third, we find that 16- to 30-month-old children's early noun and verb vocabularies (N = 3,804) show semantic relationships that differ in their use of this complex information from the beginning of vocabulary development. Last, we find that the complexity of nouns' and verbs' meanings affects their typical order of learning in early vocabulary development. Complexity differs in early noun and verb meanings, affects the semantic structure of children's vocabularies, and shapes the course of word learning. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

动词和名词有很多不同之处,包括它们在语言中的使用方式和早期学习的时间。我们比较了构成早期习得的动词和名词意义的语义特征的分布,并测量了它们对学习的影响。首先,根据先前的文献,我们使用语义特征数据来确定特征模式的复杂性等级,感知特征的复杂性低于百科全书特征等其他特征。其次,考虑到名词和动词在语义和句法上的整体差异,我们假设在名词中观察到的对直接可感知特征的偏好在动词中将会减弱。在之前使用名词语义特征和语义网络的研究基础上,我们发现与早期学习的名词(N = 359)相比,早期学习的动词(N = 103)的意义不成比例地来自于感官无法获取的复杂信息。第三,我们发现 16 至 30 个月大儿童的早期名词和动词词汇(N = 3,804)显示出语义关系,从词汇发展初期开始,他们对这种复杂信息的使用就有所不同。最后,我们发现名词和动词意义的复杂性会影响其在早期词汇发展中的典型学习顺序。早期名词和动词意义的复杂程度不同,会影响儿童词汇的语义结构,并左右词汇学习的进程。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
Collective memory and fluency tasks: Leveraging network analysis for a richer understanding of collective cognition.
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1037/cep0000353
Garrett D Greeley, Tori Peña, Nicholas W Pepe, Hae-Yoon Choi, Suparna Rajaram

Collective memory broadly refers to the memories shared by a group of people. Interest in collective memory among cognitive psychologists has boomed in recent years, with many studies leveraging fluency tasks to probe what events and people come to mind given a prompt. As other research using fluency tasks has benefitted greatly from network analysis (e.g., semantic memory research), it seems there is an opportunity to deepen our understanding of collective cognition and changes in collective cognition by adopting a network perspective. In the current article, we ask whether collective memory investigations could be enriched by harnessing the tools of network science. We start by reviewing the relevant collective memory literature and touch on the deep semantic memory literature to the extent it provides ties to network analysis for present goals. Our novel contributions to the topic include the introduction of a large fluency data set collected over the course of a decade as part of a task embedded within several research projects. We conduct several descriptive analyses and initial, proof-of-concept network analyses examining collective memory for U.S. cities. Some cities-those that are recalled most frequently-are recalled at similar rates and in similar output positions across time and task contexts. Our network approach suggests that recall transitions (e.g., recalling Los Angeles and San Francisco in adjacent positions) are made at similar rates as well. Together, these complementary approaches suggest a striking stability in both what people recall and their ordering, providing a window into the composition of collective memories. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

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引用次数: 0
Network science in experimental psychology.
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1037/cep0000367
Yoed N Kenett, Cynthia S Q Siew, Michael S Vitevitch

This introduction to the special issue entitled "Network Science in Experimental Psychology" describes how complex networks are used by experimental psychologists to examine questions from a range of topics in psychology. Complex networks use nodes to represent individual entities and connections between nodes that are related in some way. The overall weblike structure that emerges influences the processes that operate in that system. The articles summarized here illustrate the various definitions of nodes (e.g., people, words, parts of the brain) and connections between nodes (e.g., friendships, semantic similarity, coactivation of brain regions) and also illustrate a wide range of metrics that reveal information that could not be found using contemporary and conventional approaches. The guest editors and authors hope that these examples encourage other researchers to apply the computational techniques from network science to their questions of interest to make new and interesting discoveries. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

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引用次数: 0
Evidence of community structure in phonological networks of multiple languages. 多种语言语音网络中群落结构的证据。
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1037/cep0000357
Jazton Chern, Nichol Castro, Cynthia S Q Siew

Thousands of phonological word forms known to a speaker can be organised as a lexical network using the tools of network science. In these networks, nodes represent words and edges are placed between phonological neighbours. Previous work has shown that phonological networks of various languages have similar macrolevel network properties. The present study aimed to investigate if phonological networks of different languages also have similar mesolevel properties, specifically, the presence of robust community structure. Prior community detection analyses revealed robust community structure for English. Community detection analyses conducted on French, German, Dutch, and Spanish networks indicate that all networks showed strong evidence of community structure-mesolevel clustering of word forms whereby larger communities tended to contain shorter, frequent words with many phonological neighbours. Words of the same community tended to share similar phonotactic structures. Results suggest that the organisation of phonological word forms in language are governed by similar principles that could have important implications for lexical processing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

使用网络科学工具,可以将说话人已知的数千种语音词形组织成词汇网络。在这些网络中,节点代表单词,而边缘则位于相邻语音之间。以往的研究表明,各种语言的语音网络具有相似的宏观网络属性。本研究旨在探讨不同语言的语音网络是否也具有相似的中观层面特性,特别是是否存在稳健的群落结构。先前的群落检测分析表明,英语具有稳健的群落结构。对法语、德语、荷兰语和西班牙语网络进行的群落检测分析表明,所有网络都显示出强烈的群落结构证据--词形的中观聚类,即较大的群落往往包含较短的、频繁出现的、有许多相邻音素的词。同一群体的词往往具有相似的音素结构。研究结果表明,语言中语音词形的组织受类似原则的支配,这些原则可能对词汇加工有重要影响。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
How retrieval processes change with age: Exploring age differences in semantic network and retrieval dynamics. 检索过程如何随年龄变化:探索语义网络和检索动态的年龄差异。
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1037/cep0000332
Mariana Teles, Isabelle Moore, Yoed N Kenett

This study investigated the impact of age on semantic memory networks and retrieval dynamics using a single-list free recall paradigm, involving 318 participants. The younger group, with 175 participants aged 25-55 years (M = 46.68 years; SD = 10.69), and the older group, consisting of 143 participants aged 61-88 years (M = 68.71 years; SD = 6.09), completed a word recall test to assess delayed recall performance. Semantic memory networks were constructed from recall data by analyzing the co-occurrence and sequence of recalled words. We observed significant differences in network structure, where the older group displayed higher average shortest path length and modularity values, indicative of less integrated networks, while the younger group exhibited a higher clustering coefficient, suggesting a more interconnected network. In terms of retrieval dynamics, both groups showed a temporal contiguity effect with forward asymmetry. However, this effect was less pronounced in older adults. The study also identified participants that diverted from the average dynamic curves: one subgroup relied on nontemporal mechanisms, and the other employed a backward direction in memory search. Participants utilizing forward temporal associations demonstrated the highest recall performance. Overall, our findings suggest that lower free recall performance in older adults may be related to a diminished capacity to reinstate temporal context for retrieval and distinct differences in their semantic memory network structure. Specifically, older adults appear to exhibit networks with a less flexible, small-world-like structure. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

本研究使用单列表自由回忆范式调查了年龄对语义记忆网络和检索动态的影响,共有 318 人参加。年轻组有 175 人,年龄在 25-55 岁之间(平均年龄为 46.68 岁;平均年龄为 10.69 岁);年长组有 143 人,年龄在 61-88 岁之间(平均年龄为 68.71 岁;平均年龄为 6.09 岁)。通过分析回忆词的共现和顺序,我们从回忆数据中构建了语义记忆网络。我们观察到网络结构存在明显差异,老年组显示出较高的平均最短路径长度和模块化值,表明网络的整合程度较低;而年轻组则显示出较高的聚类系数,表明网络的互连程度较高。在检索动态方面,两组人都表现出了时间连续性效应和前向不对称性。不过,这种效应在老年人中不太明显。研究还发现了偏离平均动态曲线的参与者:一个亚组依赖于非时间机制,而另一个亚组则在记忆搜索中采用了向后的方向。利用前向时间关联的参与者表现出了最高的回忆能力。总之,我们的研究结果表明,老年人的自由回忆能力较低,这可能与他们在检索时恢复时间背景的能力减弱以及语义记忆网络结构的明显差异有关。具体来说,老年人的记忆网络结构似乎不太灵活,类似于小世界结构。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
Modelling the bilingual lexicon as a multiplex phonological network. 将双语词典建模为多路语音网络。
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1037/cep0000351
Eva Maria Luef

Phonological word form networks of the mental lexicon are of psycholinguistic relevance, offering insights into the efficiency of lexical access. While much research has concentrated on first languages, there is growing evidence suggesting that phonological networks of second languages are equally significant for lexical processes. Bilingual language processing is proposed to involve the integration of first and second languages, with lexical activation spreading between similar word forms in both languages. Multiplex networks provide a framework to combine different phonological networks, allowing for the analysis of the integrated lexical system's behaviour during lexical processing. In the context of the present study, which focusses on German learners of English as a second language, a multiplex network analysis was constructed to model the interactive complexity of the bilingual mental lexicon. The study tested cross-linguistic effects in a word recognition task using English stimuli. Results revealed that during lexical processing in their second language English, German speakers also activate phonological neighbours from German. In addition, the bilinguals are attuned to the interconnectedness (i.e., clustering) of the German and English neighbours with one another in the phonological neighbourhood of the English target words. These findings can contribute to the ongoing debate on the degree of integration in the bilingual mental lexicon and shed light on the role that phonological networks can play in modelling bilingual lexical processing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

心理词典中的语音词形网络具有心理语言学意义,可以帮助人们了解词汇的使用效率。虽然许多研究都集中在第一语言上,但越来越多的证据表明,第二语言的语音网络对词汇过程同样重要。有人提出,双语语言处理涉及第一语言和第二语言的整合,词汇激活在两种语言的类似词形之间扩散。多重网络提供了一个将不同语音网络结合起来的框架,从而可以分析综合词汇系统在词汇处理过程中的行为。本研究以德语学习者作为第二语言的英语学习者为研究对象,通过构建多重网络分析来模拟双语心理词典的交互复杂性。该研究在一项使用英语刺激的单词识别任务中测试了跨语言效应。结果显示,在第二语言英语的词汇处理过程中,德语使用者也会激活德语的语音邻域。此外,在英语目标词的语音邻域中,双语者还能注意到德语和英语邻域之间的相互联系(即聚类)。这些发现有助于目前关于二语心理词典整合程度的讨论,并阐明了语音网络在二语词汇加工模型中的作用。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamics of second-language learners' semantic memory networks: Evidence from a snowball sampling paradigm. 第二语言学习者语义记忆网络的动态:来自雪球取样范式的证据。
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1037/cep0000350
Artem Barmin, Boris B Velichkovsky

This article provides an analysis of structural changes in second-language (L2)-based semantic memory networks-graphs composed of L2 words as nodes and semantic relations between them as edges, during L2 learning. We used snowball sampling paradigm to create individual semantic networks of participants divided into two groups differing in L2 learning time and then compare their structural characteristics cross-sectionally. The results showed that as L2 learning progresses, semantic memory networks tend to become more connected (by increasing the average node degree), more efficient (by decreasing the average shortest path length), less fragmented (by decreasing the modularity), less centralized (by decreasing the centralization), less dense (by decreasing the density), and no more "small-worlded" (by similar average clustering coefficients and small-world indices). The findings provide quantitative evidence of how the duration of L2 learning shapes the structure of L2-based semantic memory networks generated in the snowball sampling paradigm. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

本文分析了以第二语言(L2)为基础的语义记忆网络(由作为节点的L2单词和作为边的L2单词之间的语义关系组成的图)在L2学习过程中的结构变化。我们采用滚雪球抽样范式,将参与者分为学习 L2 时间不同的两组,创建了个体语义记忆网络,然后横向比较了它们的结构特征。结果表明,随着 L2 学习的进展,语义记忆网络往往会变得更加连通(通过增加平均节点度)、更加高效(通过减少平均最短路径长度)、更少碎片化(通过减少模块化)、更少集中化(通过减少集中化)、更少密集化(通过减少密集度),并且不再 "小世界化"(通过相似的平均聚类系数和小世界指数)。这些研究结果提供了量化证据,证明了在雪球取样范式中,L2 学习的持续时间如何影响基于 L2 的语义记忆网络的结构。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
Some challenges in using multilayer networks to bridge brain and mind. 利用多层网络连接大脑和思维的一些挑战。
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1037/cep0000341
Michael S Vitevitch

The application of techniques from network science to create single-layer networks of the brain and mind has resulted in significant advances in the neuro- (i.e., structural and functional brain networks) and cognitive sciences (i.e., cognitive network science). Recent advances in network science on multilayer networks increase the possibility that a "network of networks" might finally connect the physical brain to the intangible mind, much like physical fibre optic cables and wires connect to other layers of the internet to allow intangible social networks to form in various social media platforms. Several advances in structural brain networks, functional brain networks, cognitive networks, and multilayer networks are briefly reviewed. The possibility that these single-layer networks can be connected in a multilayer network to connect the brain to the mind is discussed, as well as some of the challenges that face such an ambitious endeavour. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

应用网络科学的技术创建大脑和思维的单层网络,在神经科学(即大脑结构和功能网络)和认知科学(即认知网络科学)方面取得了重大进展。网络科学在多层网络方面的最新进展增加了 "网络之网 "最终可能将有形的大脑与无形的心智连接起来的可能性,就像有形的光缆和电线连接到互联网的其他层,让无形的社交网络在各种社交媒体平台上形成一样。本文简要回顾了大脑结构网络、大脑功能网络、认知网络和多层网络的若干进展。还讨论了将这些单层网络连接成多层网络以连接大脑和心灵的可能性,以及这一雄心勃勃的努力所面临的一些挑战。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)。
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引用次数: 0
Predicting individual vocabulary learning: The importance of approximating toddlers' linguistic environment.
IF 1.1 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1037/cep0000364
Jennifer M Weber, Eliana Colunga

Using network representations of the lexicon has expanded our understanding of vocabulary growth processes and vocabulary structure during early development. These models of vocabulary development have used multiple types of sources to create lexical representations. More recently, Weber and Colunga (2022) demonstrated that predictions of early vocabulary norms can be improved by using network representations based on a corpus incorporating language a young child might typically hear. The present work goes a step further by evaluating the accuracy of network representations for predicting individual children's word learning that are based on embeddings that are readily available or embeddings gathered from the same child language corpus. We predicted the specific words that individual children add to their vocabulary over time, using a longitudinal data set of 86 monolingual English-speaking toddler's changing vocabulary from 18 to 30 months of age. The toddler-based network predicted word learning more accurately than the off-the-shelf network. Further, there was an advantage for prediction methods that took into account the individual child's particular network structure rather than overall network connectivity. These results highlight the importance of tailoring representational and processing choices to the population of interest. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

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引用次数: 0
期刊
Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology-Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Experimentale
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