Abstract:Science studies scholars identify parallels between anti-immigrant and anti-invasive species rhetoric but have yet to consider how this linked racial discourse of invasion functions as part of a settler colonial project or what alternative forms of conservation arise through this confluence. Looking at this confluence through the lens of settler colonialism and Indigenous studies scholarship demonstrates how a form of environmental practice that I term “redneck” conservation reveals the racial and colonial logics of dominant invasive species discourses and practices. I propose the term alienated species to highlight these interconnections. Further, through a case study of “Asian” carp that explores social media, news media, and popular culture alongside Indigenous approaches, I argue that self-identified “redneck” settlers operationalize this discourse—alongside militaristic, masculinist embodiment—to position the “alien” as a foil against which they define whiteness and nativity while perpetuating Indigenous erasure. In this way, erasures of indigeneity and attacks against Asianness jointly produce the white male settled subject. In contrast, Indigenous communities engage a range of alternative responses to the carp and other alienated species within both formal land management strategies and everyday practices, such as harvesting. These responses reveal an Indigenous ethic of belonging that animates different ways of living on and providing care for the land, including the humans forced to live together.
{"title":"Alienated Species and Unsettled Ecologies: Locating “Redneck” Conservation in the Racial Discourse of “Asian” Carp Invasion","authors":"Lisa Fink","doi":"10.1353/aq.2023.a913523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/aq.2023.a913523","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Science studies scholars identify parallels between anti-immigrant and anti-invasive species rhetoric but have yet to consider how this linked racial discourse of invasion functions as part of a settler colonial project or what alternative forms of conservation arise through this confluence. Looking at this confluence through the lens of settler colonialism and Indigenous studies scholarship demonstrates how a form of environmental practice that I term “redneck” conservation reveals the racial and colonial logics of dominant invasive species discourses and practices. I propose the term alienated species to highlight these interconnections. Further, through a case study of “Asian” carp that explores social media, news media, and popular culture alongside Indigenous approaches, I argue that self-identified “redneck” settlers operationalize this discourse—alongside militaristic, masculinist embodiment—to position the “alien” as a foil against which they define whiteness and nativity while perpetuating Indigenous erasure. In this way, erasures of indigeneity and attacks against Asianness jointly produce the white male settled subject. In contrast, Indigenous communities engage a range of alternative responses to the carp and other alienated species within both formal land management strategies and everyday practices, such as harvesting. These responses reveal an Indigenous ethic of belonging that animates different ways of living on and providing care for the land, including the humans forced to live together.","PeriodicalId":51543,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139199718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reforming the Chorus: Insurgent Collectivities in Hansberry’s Smug Bohemia","authors":"Rebecca R. Kastleman","doi":"10.1353/aq.2023.a913525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/aq.2023.a913525","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51543,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139196693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:US police militarization is commonly understood as military violence abroad flowing to domestic policing, where it does not belong. Despite years of reform efforts, attempts to demilitarize local police have thus far failed to effect substantive change. This essay builds on the history of US policing, as well as sixteen months of ethnographic research with police in Maryland, to suggest that the ideological labor of policing contributes to these failures. Specifically, I examine two elements of what I call police common sense: preparedness as moral practice and violence as professional technique. In so doing, I demonstrate how policing metabolizes militarization as an apolitical technical craft that counterintuitively reduces violence, and that allows officers to fulfill their primary ethical role as stewards of public crises. Demilitarization reforms function in tandem with the political work of preparedness and professionalism to consecrate “good” militarization as commonsensical and legitimate. These reforms thus inadvertently lend power to the notion of police as the “thin blue line” between extreme violence and innocent (white) society.
{"title":"Laundering Militarization: Preparedness, Professionalism, and Police Common Sense","authors":"Jessica Katzenstein","doi":"10.1353/aq.2023.a913522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/aq.2023.a913522","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:US police militarization is commonly understood as military violence abroad flowing to domestic policing, where it does not belong. Despite years of reform efforts, attempts to demilitarize local police have thus far failed to effect substantive change. This essay builds on the history of US policing, as well as sixteen months of ethnographic research with police in Maryland, to suggest that the ideological labor of policing contributes to these failures. Specifically, I examine two elements of what I call police common sense: preparedness as moral practice and violence as professional technique. In so doing, I demonstrate how policing metabolizes militarization as an apolitical technical craft that counterintuitively reduces violence, and that allows officers to fulfill their primary ethical role as stewards of public crises. Demilitarization reforms function in tandem with the political work of preparedness and professionalism to consecrate “good” militarization as commonsensical and legitimate. These reforms thus inadvertently lend power to the notion of police as the “thin blue line” between extreme violence and innocent (white) society.","PeriodicalId":51543,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139198577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This essay contributes the concept of emplaced racial trauma to theoretical conceptualizations of race, space, and trauma. Defined as the spatialization of racism-induced traumatic experiences, emplaced racial trauma seeks to describe the geography that the felt experience of race and racism creates, particularly as it relates to anti-Black spatial dynamics. This geography is characterized by the materiality of its ontological existence, the manner in which it concentrates historical memory and connects disparate spaces of racial trauma, and the dialectical relationship it maintains with placelessness, especially as it pertains to displacement. I ground the theory in empirical examples drawn from three films that center Black people, stories, and spaces: Mossville: When Great Trees Fall, Whose Streets?, and The Last Black Man in San Francisco. Through an analysis of the spaces and people represented in these films, I demonstrate the (re)production of spaces of emplaced racial trauma, their impacts on the material world, and the relationships that their residents form with them. These geographies are shown to inform the sociospatial world as it is continually constructed, operating as sites of racial harm but also localities in which inhabitants might subvert spatial domination.
{"title":"“We Are These Homes”: Emplaced Racial Trauma in Documentary Film","authors":"Megan Faust","doi":"10.1353/aq.2023.a913520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/aq.2023.a913520","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay contributes the concept of emplaced racial trauma to theoretical conceptualizations of race, space, and trauma. Defined as the spatialization of racism-induced traumatic experiences, emplaced racial trauma seeks to describe the geography that the felt experience of race and racism creates, particularly as it relates to anti-Black spatial dynamics. This geography is characterized by the materiality of its ontological existence, the manner in which it concentrates historical memory and connects disparate spaces of racial trauma, and the dialectical relationship it maintains with placelessness, especially as it pertains to displacement. I ground the theory in empirical examples drawn from three films that center Black people, stories, and spaces: Mossville: When Great Trees Fall, Whose Streets?, and The Last Black Man in San Francisco. Through an analysis of the spaces and people represented in these films, I demonstrate the (re)production of spaces of emplaced racial trauma, their impacts on the material world, and the relationships that their residents form with them. These geographies are shown to inform the sociospatial world as it is continually constructed, operating as sites of racial harm but also localities in which inhabitants might subvert spatial domination.","PeriodicalId":51543,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139204295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The tangible project of decolonization requires revolutionary hope to sustain it. Quite often, studies surrounding oppressed populations largely tend to theorize from a point of death, contributing to a culture of hopelessness and pessimism. This essay explores what happens when we theorize from a point of life and joy, specifically theorizing Palestinian resistance and place-claiming through the embodied sport of skateboarding—not in hopes of erasing death, but in hopes of providing a fuller view, and looking for ruptures wherein quotidian life seeps through coloniality as a form of resistance itself. Thinking through skateboarding as a subculture, I analyze a nonprofit organization, SkatePal and its media presence, using my theory and analytic: occupied joy. I argue that the skate scene in Palestine functions as a site of quotidian anticolonial and anti-imperialist resistance through reclaiming freedom of movement, resisting multiple effects of military occupation, and unsettling trauma spectacle through the play and joy associated with the immediate act of skating. In theorizing from life and bearing witness to the sense of agency that skateboarding restores in Palestinian youth, there is hope that the theory of occupied joy can do the same for other oppressed peoples, bringing us all tangibly closer to a more liberated world.
{"title":"Occupied Joy: The Politics of Skateboarding in Palestine","authors":"Ruba H. Akkad","doi":"10.1353/aq.2023.a905863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/aq.2023.a905863","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The tangible project of decolonization requires revolutionary hope to sustain it. Quite often, studies surrounding oppressed populations largely tend to theorize from a point of death, contributing to a culture of hopelessness and pessimism. This essay explores what happens when we theorize from a point of life and joy, specifically theorizing Palestinian resistance and place-claiming through the embodied sport of skateboarding—not in hopes of erasing death, but in hopes of providing a fuller view, and looking for ruptures wherein quotidian life seeps through coloniality as a form of resistance itself. Thinking through skateboarding as a subculture, I analyze a nonprofit organization, SkatePal and its media presence, using my theory and analytic: occupied joy. I argue that the skate scene in Palestine functions as a site of quotidian anticolonial and anti-imperialist resistance through reclaiming freedom of movement, resisting multiple effects of military occupation, and unsettling trauma spectacle through the play and joy associated with the immediate act of skating. In theorizing from life and bearing witness to the sense of agency that skateboarding restores in Palestinian youth, there is hope that the theory of occupied joy can do the same for other oppressed peoples, bringing us all tangibly closer to a more liberated world.","PeriodicalId":51543,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43801937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Hmong American gymnast Sunisa "Suni" Lee won the gold medal in the individual all-around event at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. This essay analyzes the media frenzy surrounding Lee's rise to Olympic stardom in US gymnastics. In particular, it focuses on how the media narrate Lee's family and Hmong ethnic history of being refugees to becoming an Olympic gold medalist. This essay deconstructs how the state exceptionalizes this history in the context of the 2020 Tokyo Olympics in service of the imperial US nation-state in ways that recuperates US empire and bolsters US nationalism. The essay reveals the ways that ongoing anti-Asian racism in the US contradicts the state's claim to Lee's gold medal. Ultimately, the essay argues that Hmong American writing during Lee's Olympic journey presents a "state-less critique" that situates Lee's success in her ethnic Hmong American community and not within the nation-state.
{"title":"De-exceptionalizing Sunisa Lee: Uneven Gymnastics and a Hmong American State-less Critique","authors":"Kong Pheng Pha, Kari Smalkoski","doi":"10.1353/aq.2023.a905866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/aq.2023.a905866","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Hmong American gymnast Sunisa \"Suni\" Lee won the gold medal in the individual all-around event at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. This essay analyzes the media frenzy surrounding Lee's rise to Olympic stardom in US gymnastics. In particular, it focuses on how the media narrate Lee's family and Hmong ethnic history of being refugees to becoming an Olympic gold medalist. This essay deconstructs how the state exceptionalizes this history in the context of the 2020 Tokyo Olympics in service of the imperial US nation-state in ways that recuperates US empire and bolsters US nationalism. The essay reveals the ways that ongoing anti-Asian racism in the US contradicts the state's claim to Lee's gold medal. Ultimately, the essay argues that Hmong American writing during Lee's Olympic journey presents a \"state-less critique\" that situates Lee's success in her ethnic Hmong American community and not within the nation-state.","PeriodicalId":51543,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42001009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This essay examines industrial and labor practices in the pro wrestling industry. By analyzing the WWE Network as an "industrial disruptor," this essay suggests that this disruption shifted not only who was considered the prototypical wrestler; it also changed the relations of power within the industry. While the deployment of the streaming service increased the reach of the WWE beyond the national borders of the US, it inadvertently created a pathway for local, regional, and international wrestling companies to also utilize streaming service technology to collectively work together to mitigate some of the industrial hegemony of the WWE. Moreover, the WWE's attempt to create "digital wrestling territories" has changed the relationship between the local and the global, which has reformulated digital global intimate industrial relations. Although the WWE is a global company that has retained dominance for almost forty years, the deployment of streaming services has forever changed the business of pro wrestling.
{"title":"Grappling with the Digital: The New Industrial Geographies of Professional Wrestling","authors":"Dewitt King","doi":"10.1353/aq.2023.a905865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/aq.2023.a905865","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay examines industrial and labor practices in the pro wrestling industry. By analyzing the WWE Network as an \"industrial disruptor,\" this essay suggests that this disruption shifted not only who was considered the prototypical wrestler; it also changed the relations of power within the industry. While the deployment of the streaming service increased the reach of the WWE beyond the national borders of the US, it inadvertently created a pathway for local, regional, and international wrestling companies to also utilize streaming service technology to collectively work together to mitigate some of the industrial hegemony of the WWE. Moreover, the WWE's attempt to create \"digital wrestling territories\" has changed the relationship between the local and the global, which has reformulated digital global intimate industrial relations. Although the WWE is a global company that has retained dominance for almost forty years, the deployment of streaming services has forever changed the business of pro wrestling.","PeriodicalId":51543,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49129319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The US faces a legislative wave of state-level restrictions on transgender athlete participation, while at the elite level of sport there are ongoing exclusions of trans women and women with sex variations, with confusing, inconsistent policies from national sports governing bodies on just what constitutes "female eligibility." In the midst of debates about "fairness" and advocacy for great inclusion, an attention to the surveillance systems at work in sports can shift the terms of debate away from the imperative of a level playing field and toward a discussion of bodily autonomy, privacy, and self-determination for athletes. In doing so, I take a critical surveillance studies lens to illuminate connections between surveillance in sports and other societal institutions. In offering a broad view of the surveillance of sex in sports, I utilize Zygmunt Bauman and David Lyon's concept of liquid surveillance to describe the ways that surveillance mechanisms, logics, and rhetoric seeps through, and out of, sports.
{"title":"The Seeping Surveillance of Sex in Sports","authors":"Valerie Moyer","doi":"10.1353/aq.2023.a905861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/aq.2023.a905861","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The US faces a legislative wave of state-level restrictions on transgender athlete participation, while at the elite level of sport there are ongoing exclusions of trans women and women with sex variations, with confusing, inconsistent policies from national sports governing bodies on just what constitutes \"female eligibility.\" In the midst of debates about \"fairness\" and advocacy for great inclusion, an attention to the surveillance systems at work in sports can shift the terms of debate away from the imperative of a level playing field and toward a discussion of bodily autonomy, privacy, and self-determination for athletes. In doing so, I take a critical surveillance studies lens to illuminate connections between surveillance in sports and other societal institutions. In offering a broad view of the surveillance of sex in sports, I utilize Zygmunt Bauman and David Lyon's concept of liquid surveillance to describe the ways that surveillance mechanisms, logics, and rhetoric seeps through, and out of, sports.","PeriodicalId":51543,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44154671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Crow as the Leaves on the Floor","authors":"Roger Reeves","doi":"10.1353/aq.2023.a905859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/aq.2023.a905859","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51543,"journal":{"name":"AMERICAN QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46113817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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