New Ideas in Psychology最新文献

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Doing things intentionally: Probability raising and control 有意识地做事：提高和控制概率

IF 2.3 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

New Ideas in Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2025.101164

Tiffany Doan, Stephanie Denison, Ori Friedman

Intentionality judgments can depend on probability raising—people are more likely to see a desired outcome as intentional if the agent who produced it did something to increase its odds. However, intentionality also depends on related factors such as the agent's skill, ability, and control over the outcome. In three experiments (total N = 1074), we investigated how probability raising relates to these factors, and whether it makes distinct contributions to judgments of intentionality. Participants saw vignettes where an agent got a winning ball from a lottery machine. In all experiments, participants gave higher ratings of both intentionality and control in conditions where the agent increased her odds of success than in conditions where she did not. This pattern suggests that probability raising and control are closely linked. The findings of our third experiment, though, also suggest that probability raising may uniquely contribute to attributions of intentionality. In this experiment, the agent received a winning ball after taking an action that unpredictably either increased or decreased her odds of success. Participants gave higher intentionality ratings when this action happened to increase the odds. But participants also showed this pattern when rating control, even though the agent's control did not vary across conditions. These results suggest that probability raising contributes to intentionality even when control does not, and moreover suggest that people may use probability raising to inform attributions of control. However, we also discuss the possibility that control and probability raising are not distinct, and amount to the same thing.

意向性判断可以依赖于概率的提高——如果产生预期结果的主体做了一些增加其概率的事情，人们更有可能将其视为有意的。然而，意向性也取决于相关因素，如代理的技能、能力和对结果的控制。在三个实验（总N = 1074）中，我们研究了概率提高与这些因素的关系，以及它是否对意向性的判断有明显的贡献。参与者看到了一个小插曲，一个经纪人从彩票机里拿到了一个中奖的球。在所有的实验中，参与者对代理人增加成功几率的情况下的意向性和控制力的评分都高于代理人没有增加成功几率的情况。这种模式表明，提高概率与控制密切相关。然而，我们第三个实验的发现也表明，概率的提高可能对意向性的归因有独特的贡献。在这个实验中，代理在采取了一个不可预测地增加或减少她成功几率的行动后，收到了一个获胜球。当这种行为发生时，参与者给出了更高的意向性评分，以增加几率。但参与者在评级控制时也表现出这种模式，即使代理人的控制在不同条件下没有变化。这些结果表明，概率提高有助于意向性，即使控制没有，而且还表明人们可能使用概率提高来告知控制的归因。然而，我们也讨论了控制和提高概率并非泾渭分明的可能性，它们等同于同一件事。

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引用次数: 0

The Circumplex Model of Stress: A model integrating stress appraisal constructs 应力环形模型：一个综合应力评价结构的模型

IF 2.3 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

New Ideas in Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2025.101163

Krzysztof Stanisławski

Unraveling the structure of stress appraisal constructs is essential for a comprehensive understanding of how stress influences human health and well-being. The current paper presents the Circumplex Model of Stress (CMS), which is designed to organize the various stress appraisal categories and offers possibilities for resolving selected problems in stress psychology. The CMS posits that the space of stress appraisal forms is described by two dimensions: Controllability vs. Uncontrollability and Mitigation vs. Threat. These dimensions define a matrix within which other stress appraisal forms are located: Challenge vs. Hopelessness and Manageable pressure vs. Illusory relief. The model identifies eight stress appraisal forms constituting a circumplex: Mitigation, Challenge, Controllability, Manageable pressure, Threat, Hopelessness, Uncontrollability, and Illusory relief. The CMS provides an avenue for addressing certain unresolved questions in stress psychology by: (a) offering a theoretically meaningful integration of various stress appraisal constructs; (b) providing a comprehensive explanation of the relationships between stress appraisals and coping; and (c) elucidating the links between stress appraisals and health behaviors, which in turn may help modify health behaviors.

揭示压力评估结构对于全面理解压力如何影响人类健康和福祉至关重要。本论文提出了压力的环形模型（CMS），该模型旨在组织各种压力评估类别，并为解决压力心理学中的选定问题提供可能性。CMS认为压力评估表单的空间由两个维度来描述：可控性与不可控性和缓解与威胁。这些维度定义了其他压力评估形式所在的矩阵：挑战vs绝望，可控压力vs虚幻缓解。该模型确定了构成一个圆环的八种压力评估形式：缓解、挑战、可控性、可控压力、威胁、无望、不可控性和虚幻缓解。CMS为解决压力心理学中某些未解决的问题提供了一个途径：(a)提供了一个理论上有意义的各种压力评估结构的整合；(b)全面解释压力评估与应对之间的关系；(c)阐明压力评估与健康行为之间的联系，从而有助于改变健康行为。

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引用次数: 0

The trip from metaphor to reality and back 从隐喻到现实再回来的旅程

IF 2.3 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

New Ideas in Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2024.101144

Joseph Glicksohn

The focus of the present paper is the relationship between metaphor and altered state of consciousness (ASC) characterized by trance. I reconsider two somewhat old ideas that might well have been premature for their time. One is that the mode of thinking in an ASC characterized by trance is metaphoric-symbolic. I argue that this is itself reflective of a heightened physiognomic perception. Furthermore, in such an ASC, an alternative world “becomes physiognomically alive”, and it is this alternative world which is expressed in poetic metaphor. In line with three major ideas expressed in Gestalt psychology, this is so because that is the way we think and perceive in a trancelike ASC, and because that is the alternative world that we now encounter in the trancelike ASC.

本文的研究重点是隐喻与以恍惚为特征的意识状态改变之间的关系。我重新考虑了两个有点老的观点，它们在当时可能还为时过早。一是以恍惚为特征的ASC思维方式是隐喻-象征。我认为这本身反映了一种高度的面相感知。此外，在这样的ASC中，另一种世界“在面相上变得活跃”，而这种另一种世界正是用诗意的隐喻来表达的。这与格式塔心理学中表达的三个主要观点一致，因为这是我们在恍惚ASC中思考和感知的方式，因为这是我们现在在恍惚ASC中遇到的另一个世界。

引用次数: 0

The importance of the null hypothesis in the formulation of theory in media psychology 零假设在媒介心理学理论建构中的重要性

IF 2.3 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

New Ideas in Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2024.101142

Tom Grimes , Jon Lasser

Sixty years of media violence research illustrates what can go wrong when the null hypothesis is ignored. Without the null’s restraining effect, researchers assumed that media violence could trigger behavioral aggression among all consumers. Thus researchers probed for types of aggression media violence motivated, not whether it motivated aggression in the first place. A null hypothesis, taken seriously, would have led to a nuanced, finer grained treatment of media violence's effects. Third variables such as background psychopathologies can interact with media violence to incite behavioral aggression among vulnerable consumers. Psychologically well individuals, on the other hand, appear to suffer no psychopathological effects. There is now pressure on social media scholars to ignore the null and assume that all users are pathologically vulnerable to social media. We show how seven methodological mistakes made it easy to quash the null and skip directly to presumed effects.

60年的媒体暴力研究表明，当零假设被忽视时，可能会出现什么问题。如果没有null的抑制作用，研究人员认为媒体暴力可能会引发所有消费者的行为攻击。因此，研究人员探讨了媒体暴力引发的攻击类型，而不是它是否首先引发了攻击。如果我们认真对待零假设，就会对媒体暴力的影响进行细致入微的研究。第三个变量，如背景精神病理学可以与媒体暴力相互作用，以煽动弱势消费者的行为攻击。另一方面，心理健康的人似乎没有精神病理上的影响。现在，社交媒体学者面临着压力，他们要忽略这个零值，并假设所有用户都病态地容易受到社交媒体的影响。我们将展示七个方法上的错误是如何使消除null和直接跳到假定的效果变得容易的。

引用次数: 0

Actions Speak Louder than outcomes leading to ineffective altruism 行动比结果更响亮，导致无效的利他主义

IF 2.3 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

New Ideas in Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2025.101146

Jiaxin Ma , Xiaoyong Hu

Altruism is the intentional and voluntary act of benefiting others. However, altruists often overlook the effects and impacts of their actions, leading to suboptimal or even detrimental outcomes. This phenomenon, termed ineffective altruism, has been attributed to psychological deficits, such as motivational and cognitive impairments. In this article, we adopt a moral cognitive approach and develop an integrated model of action/outcome value decision-making from an adaptive perspective to elucidate the mechanism of ineffective altruism. our model suggests that warm-glow and reputation enhance the action value of altruism, while cognitive biases reduce the effective outcome value that benefits others. The article concludes with a discussion of how action values and outcome values relate and balance each other and analyzes how different strategies of trading off these values affect individuals and society.

利他主义是有意和自愿的行为，有利于他人。然而，利他主义者经常忽视他们行为的效果和影响，导致次优甚至有害的结果。这种现象被称为无效利他主义，被归因于心理缺陷，如动机和认知障碍。本文采用道德认知的方法，从适应性的角度构建了一个行动/结果价值决策的综合模型，以阐明无效利他主义的机制。我们的模型表明，温暖的光芒和声誉提高了利他主义的行动价值，而认知偏见降低了利他主义对他人有利的有效结果价值。文章最后讨论了行动价值观和结果价值观是如何相互关联和平衡的，并分析了权衡这些价值观的不同策略如何影响个人和社会。

引用次数: 0

Face perception and synchrony disruption in theatre masks 戏剧面具的面部感知和同步中断

IF 2.3 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

New Ideas in Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2024.101143

Samuel Viana Meyler , Scott M. Rennie

This paper examines some of the psychological and perceptual foundations that underpin the use of theatre masks, proposing that part of their power stems from two intertwined evolutionary adaptations: face processing architecture in the brain and our natural tendency toward social synchrony.

We focus on two specific types of theatre masks used by theatre pedagogue Jacques Lecoq (1921–1999): larval masks and half-masks. Using these as examples, we argue that theatre masks leverage our finely-tuned sensitivity to faces by seamlessly engaging the neural networks responsible for rapid face detection and emotional inference. Furthermore, the masks interfere with our ability for social synchronisation, which encourage performers to broaden their range of embodied expression. This has the potential to significantly boost the ‘performative toolkit’ of actors-in-training. For the audience, the masks disrupt synchrony by obscuring facial details and creating cognitive ambiguities, complicating the audience's interpretative process and thereby enhancing engagement and the aesthetic experience.

本文研究了支撑戏剧面具使用的一些心理和感知基础，提出它们的部分力量源于两种相互交织的进化适应：大脑中的面部处理结构和我们对社会同步的自然倾向。我们关注戏剧教育家Jacques Lecoq（1921-1999）使用的两种特定类型的戏剧面具：幼虫面具和半面具。以这些为例，我们认为戏剧面具通过无缝地参与负责快速面部检测和情感推断的神经网络，利用了我们对面部的微调敏感性。此外，面具干扰了我们的社会同步能力，这鼓励表演者扩大他们的具体表达范围。这有可能显著提高受训演员的“表演工具包”。对于观众来说，面具通过模糊面部细节和制造认知歧义来破坏同步性，使观众的解释过程复杂化，从而增强参与度和审美体验。

引用次数: 0

Re-enchanting mirror neurons through lexical changes 通过词法的改变重新使镜像神经元着迷

IF 2.3 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

New Ideas in Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2025.101145

Da Dong , Tongwei Liu , Wei Chen

Recent statistical data seem to indicate that mirror neurons have not maintained their early illustrious image in the scientific community. We start our discussion by looking back at the conceptual history of “mirror neuron,” paying special attention to the shifting meanings of highly related words in the current scientific landscape. These semantic changes demonstrate that, even if not entirely sufficient on their own, the study of mirror neurons remains central to the scientific revolution unfolding within cognitive sciences, as revealed through the analysis in this paper. Thus, in the later part of this paper, we find that the meanings of three fundamental words related to mirror neurons, “mirror,” “action,” and “understanding,” have begun to shift.

最近的统计数据似乎表明，镜像神经元在科学界并没有保持其早期的辉煌形象。我们从回顾“镜像神经元”的概念历史开始讨论，特别注意在当前的科学景观中高度相关的单词的含义变化。这些语义变化表明，镜像神经元的研究仍然是认知科学中科学革命的核心，即使它们本身并不完全足够，正如本文的分析所揭示的那样。因此，在本文的后半部分，我们发现与镜像神经元相关的三个基本词“镜像”、“行动”和“理解”的含义已经开始发生变化。

引用次数: 0

Unveiling the influence of disciplinary biases on information sampling during an interdisciplinary collaboration creative task through eye-tracking analysis 通过眼动追踪分析揭示跨学科合作创意任务中学科偏见对信息采样的影响

IF 2.3 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

New Ideas in Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2024.101129

Letty Y.-Y Kwan, Yu Sheng Hung

Collaboration across different disciplines (interdisciplinary collaboration) is necessary for frame-breaking innovations. However, successfully implementing such often requires individuals to sample ideas outside their disciplinary knowledge. In the past, studies tend to show that individuals inevitably show bias in using their disciplinary knowledge due to disciplinary socialization. The current research proposes that disciplinary centrism is not inevitable and can be attenuated when participants do not perceive disciplinary values across disciplines to have incommensurable differences. In an eye-tracking experiment, I show that participants who held a high (versus low) perception of value differences across disciplinary knowledge would focus on their disciplinary information more (versus less) during the information sampling stage in a creativity task. The study provides implications on how to improve interdisciplinary collaboration and highlights how information is being selected and used in the informational processing stage during a creative task.

跨不同学科的协作（跨学科协作）对于打破框架的创新是必要的。然而，成功地实施这些通常需要个人在他们的学科知识之外采样想法。过去的研究倾向于表明，由于学科社会化，个体在使用其学科知识时不可避免地会出现偏见。目前的研究表明，学科中心主义不是不可避免的，当参与者不认为跨学科的学科价值存在不可通约的差异时，学科中心主义可以减弱。在一项眼球追踪实验中，我发现，在创意任务的信息采样阶段，对跨学科知识的价值差异有较高（相对较低）感知的参与者会更多（相对较低）关注他们的学科信息。该研究为如何提高跨学科合作提供了启示，并强调了在创造性任务的信息处理阶段如何选择和使用信息。

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引用次数: 0

If you don't problematize it, you won't see it, and you won't understand it 如果你不把它问题化，你就不会看到它，也不会理解它

IF 2.3 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

New Ideas in Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2024.101141

Brahim Hiba

This paper critically redefines problematization as both a research method and a transformative approach to critical thinking, positioning it as a pivotal modus operandi that transcends the limitations of conventional research practices. Diverging from traditional established research methods focused on gap-spotting and incremental contributions, this paper underscores problematization's unique capacity to interrogate and disrupt the foundational assumptions underpinning existing knowledge structures. By doing so, it drives researchers to reimagine and expand the horizons of scholarly inquiry. Grounded in the intellectual contributions of Nietzsche, Foucault, Marx, Heidegger, Deleuze, and Lacan, this paper addresses the theoretical limitations of the discourse about problematization, often clouded by complex philosophical jargon, while dismantling misconceptions about its nature and application. Beyond theoretical exploration, this paper introduces a practical framework that integrates innovative metaphors, discursive clarity, and actionable strategies. This framework is tailored to empower doctoral students and early-career researchers, equipping them with a taxonomy of epistemological and critical questions for effectively problematizing research problems. The research questions guiding this paper investigate how problematization can be reinterpreted and operationalized to challenge the ideological and power dynamics within dominant research paradigms. Furthermore, this paper explores how a multi-modal approach—combining rhizomatic, genealogical, visual, metaphorical, and ecological thinking—can deepen the practice of problematization.

本文批判性地将问题化重新定义为一种研究方法和一种批判性思维的变革方法，将其定位为一种超越传统研究实践限制的关键操作方式。与传统的专注于发现差距和增量贡献的研究方法不同，本文强调问题化的独特能力，即质疑和破坏支撑现有知识结构的基本假设。通过这样做，它推动研究人员重新想象和扩大学术探究的视野。本文以尼采、福柯、马克思、海德格尔、德勒兹和拉康的思想贡献为基础，解决了关于问题化的论述的理论局限性，这些局限性通常被复杂的哲学术语所掩盖，同时消除了对其性质和应用的误解。除了理论探索之外，本文还介绍了一个整合创新隐喻，话语清晰度和可操作策略的实践框架。这个框架是为博士生和早期职业研究人员量身定制的，为他们提供了认识论和关键问题的分类，以便有效地将研究问题问题化。指导本文的研究问题探讨了如何重新解释和操作问题化，以挑战主流研究范式中的意识形态和权力动态。此外，本文还探讨了多模态方法——结合根茎、系谱、视觉、隐喻和生态思维——如何深化问题化实践。

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What happens to representatives during family constellations? Attempts at explanation and comparison with other difficult-to-explain phenomena 在家庭星座中代表会发生什么？试图解释和比较其他难以解释的现象

IF 2.3 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

New Ideas in Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2025.101147

Yolanda Alonso , Gonzalo-Andrés Jiménez

Despite the considerable controversy surrounding family constellations, this psychotherapeutic method has experienced significant growth over the past thirty years. Traditionally, family constellations are conducted in a group format in sessions called “constellations”, wherein certain individuals act as representatives for the family members of other participants. During these sessions, a phenomenon known in some literature as “surrogate perceptions” normally occurs, in which the representatives experience internal states that align with significant attitudes or life situations of the individuals they represent. Although there is substantial anecdotal evidence for this phenomenon, it has not been empirically studied, lacks a logical explanation, and appears to contravene the principle of locality in physics. This paper draws comparisons between surrogate perceptions and other exceptional phenomena documented in scientific literature, such as extended states of consciousness, telepathy, and synchronicity. It also critically reviews various attempts to explain the phenomenon, including theories involving mirror neurons, quantum physics, embodied memory, the collective unconscious, and formative causation. The paper provides a description of surrogate perceptions as changes triggered in an interpersonal process in which the explicit request to put oneself in the place of another specific person plays an essential role. Finally, potential avenues for future research are outlined.

尽管围绕家庭星座存在相当大的争议，但这种心理治疗方法在过去三十年中经历了显着的增长。传统上，家庭星座是以小组形式进行的，称为“星座”，其中某些人作为其他参与者的家庭成员的代表。在这些会议中，一种被一些文献称为“代理感知”的现象通常会发生，在这种现象中，代表们经历的内部状态与他们所代表的个人的重要态度或生活状况一致。虽然这一现象有大量的轶事证据，但它还没有经过实证研究，缺乏逻辑解释，而且似乎违反了物理学中的局部性原则。本文比较了代理知觉和科学文献中记载的其他特殊现象，如扩展意识状态、心灵感应和同向性。它还批判性地回顾了解释这一现象的各种尝试，包括涉及镜像神经元、量子物理学、具身记忆、集体无意识和形成因果关系的理论。本文描述了在人际关系过程中引发的替代感知变化，其中明确要求将自己置于另一个特定的人的位置起着至关重要的作用。最后，对未来的研究方向进行了展望。

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