{"title":"Female Genius: Eliza Harriot and George Washington at the Dawn of the Constitution by Mary Sarah Bilder (review)","authors":"Mary Kelley","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2023.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2023.0003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44195318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:For more than a century, researchers have used the distribution of Indigenous Rappahannock River settlements shown on John Smith’s 1608 map of Virginia to frame the river valley’s Native communities as unwilling subjects of the Powhatan chiefdom to their south. The map depicts the majority of Native settlements on the river’s north bank, a pattern interpreted as evidence that the Rappahannock communities physically distanced themselves as much as possible from Powhatan political control. Rappahannock tribal oral history, however, holds that the Rappahannock polities and the Powhatans enjoyed a political relationship as equals and neighbors, not as subjects or adversaries. Tribal historical and ecological knowledge, publicly available environmental information, and the distribution of known archaeological sites indicate that desirable factors for settlement—including level sandy loam soils, access to marshes, proximity to navigable waterways, and wide viewsheds—occur more frequently and in closer association with one another on the river’s north bank. This analysis’s mixed-methods and materials approach reveals the unevenly distributed and often highly contingent nature of Indigenous political authority at the time of European invasion.
{"title":"Rappahannock Oral Tradition, John Smith’s Map of Virginia, and Political Authority in the Algonquian Chesapeake","authors":"J. King, Scott M. Strickland, G. A. Richardson","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2023.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2023.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:For more than a century, researchers have used the distribution of Indigenous Rappahannock River settlements shown on John Smith’s 1608 map of Virginia to frame the river valley’s Native communities as unwilling subjects of the Powhatan chiefdom to their south. The map depicts the majority of Native settlements on the river’s north bank, a pattern interpreted as evidence that the Rappahannock communities physically distanced themselves as much as possible from Powhatan political control. Rappahannock tribal oral history, however, holds that the Rappahannock polities and the Powhatans enjoyed a political relationship as equals and neighbors, not as subjects or adversaries. Tribal historical and ecological knowledge, publicly available environmental information, and the distribution of known archaeological sites indicate that desirable factors for settlement—including level sandy loam soils, access to marshes, proximity to navigable waterways, and wide viewsheds—occur more frequently and in closer association with one another on the river’s north bank. This analysis’s mixed-methods and materials approach reveals the unevenly distributed and often highly contingent nature of Indigenous political authority at the time of European invasion.","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46554937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Engendering Islands: Sexuality, Reproduction, and Violence in the Early French Caribbean by Ashley M. Williard (review)","authors":"Frederick C. Staidum","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2023.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2023.0009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41384943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:In a 1797 treaty signed at Big Tree, in present-day western New York, Robert Morris purchased Seneca homelands with an unusual form of compensation: investments held in trust with the U.S. federal government. Focusing on the financial outgrowth of the Big Tree negotiations, this article argues that the treaty embodied conflicting strategies of succession, or plans for the conveyance of wealth (and therefore power) to descendants. Both Morris and the Senecas saw the trust funds created by the treaty as potential conduits of wealth for their successors. Morris believed that placing wealth in trust might allow these assets to revert to his estate once the Senecas became, in his word, “extinct.” For their part, the Senecas embraced trusts as a renewable source of wealth that could benefit the nation in the long term. Each Big Tree stakeholder pursued their strategy of succession in the decades after the treaty, but the growing power of the federal government over Indian affairs increasingly governed how the wealth in question descended to its inheritors. Far from an anomaly, Big Tree augured an ascendant regime of federal financial control that would come to define the U.S. territorial empire.
{"title":"Strategies of Succession and the 1797 Treaty of Big Tree","authors":"E. Connolly","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2023.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2023.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In a 1797 treaty signed at Big Tree, in present-day western New York, Robert Morris purchased Seneca homelands with an unusual form of compensation: investments held in trust with the U.S. federal government. Focusing on the financial outgrowth of the Big Tree negotiations, this article argues that the treaty embodied conflicting strategies of succession, or plans for the conveyance of wealth (and therefore power) to descendants. Both Morris and the Senecas saw the trust funds created by the treaty as potential conduits of wealth for their successors. Morris believed that placing wealth in trust might allow these assets to revert to his estate once the Senecas became, in his word, “extinct.” For their part, the Senecas embraced trusts as a renewable source of wealth that could benefit the nation in the long term. Each Big Tree stakeholder pursued their strategy of succession in the decades after the treaty, but the growing power of the federal government over Indian affairs increasingly governed how the wealth in question descended to its inheritors. Far from an anomaly, Big Tree augured an ascendant regime of federal financial control that would come to define the U.S. territorial empire.","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42345089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Liberty’s Chain: Slavery, Abolition, and the Jay Family of New York by David N. Gellman (review)","authors":"K. Brown","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2023.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2023.0005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46219312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aristocratic Education and the Making of the American Republic by Mark Boonshoft (review)","authors":"M. Hale","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2023.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2023.0004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66557018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sustaining Empire: Venezuela’s Trade with the United States during the Age of Revolutions, 1797–1828 by Edward P. Pompeian (review)","authors":"Tyson Reeder","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2023.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2023.0008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43593757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mutiny on the Rising Sun: A Tragic Tale of Slavery, Smuggling, and Chocolate by Jared Ross Hardesty (review)","authors":"C. Schmitt","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2023.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2023.0006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45894486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:In 1746, an enslaved woman named Nanny gave birth in Barnstable, Massachusetts. In the months prior, she had become the subject of gossip throughout town. Rumor had it that the father of her unborn child was one of two young white men—either a poor relative of her enslavers or a son of an elite lawyer. After the birth, the disputed paternity resulted in a defamation suit, the records of which illuminate the social and legal cultures of misogyny and racism at play in eighteenth-century New England and provide a rare account of the intimate experiences of a Black woman in the colonial North. Local gossip about Nanny attests to the complex nature of white men’s sexual access to enslaved women’s bodies, as well as of white women’s efforts to surveil and control those same bodies to maintain familial reputations. In these expansive gossip networks, enslaved people actively engaged in discussions of race and sex with white neighbors. When Nanny testified that both men “Lay with” her, she asserted her own story and personhood while participating in a broader cultural conflict over the privileges and boundaries of manhood and whiteness in the Atlantic world.
{"title":"“Their Negro Nanny was with Child By a white man”: Gossip, Sex, and Slavery in an Eighteenth-Century New England Town","authors":"Emily Jeannine Clark","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2022.0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2022.0049","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In 1746, an enslaved woman named Nanny gave birth in Barnstable, Massachusetts. In the months prior, she had become the subject of gossip throughout town. Rumor had it that the father of her unborn child was one of two young white men—either a poor relative of her enslavers or a son of an elite lawyer. After the birth, the disputed paternity resulted in a defamation suit, the records of which illuminate the social and legal cultures of misogyny and racism at play in eighteenth-century New England and provide a rare account of the intimate experiences of a Black woman in the colonial North. Local gossip about Nanny attests to the complex nature of white men’s sexual access to enslaved women’s bodies, as well as of white women’s efforts to surveil and control those same bodies to maintain familial reputations. In these expansive gossip networks, enslaved people actively engaged in discussions of race and sex with white neighbors. When Nanny testified that both men “Lay with” her, she asserted her own story and personhood while participating in a broader cultural conflict over the privileges and boundaries of manhood and whiteness in the Atlantic world.","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48395365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gray Gold: Lead Mining and Its Impact on the Natural and Cultural Environment, 1700–1840 by Mark Milton Chambers (review)","authors":"Allison Bigelow","doi":"10.1353/wmq.2022.0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/wmq.2022.0041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51566,"journal":{"name":"WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48682148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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