Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.1177/10887679231163287
Magic M. Wade
I examine firearm homicide and injury data from more cities ( N = 1,328) during a longer timespan (2015–2021) than previous research on firearm violence encapsulating the Covid-19 pandemic. I contextualize the historic 2020 spike in gun violence within a broader trend of worsening gun violence impacting hundreds of US cities since 2015. More cities (364) are surpassing adverse homicide rate benchmarks observed during the 1980s–1990s, and US states situated in all regions contain numerous peak gun violence cities. Examining gun violence trends outside of the largest US cities is imperative, since 42% of all firearm homicides occur in places with populations <250,000, and over two-thirds of peak violence cities (243) have fewer than 100,000 residents. A shared sense of the scope and severity of the problem of gun violence is also urgently needed. For too many American communities, it’s not as bad as the 1990s, it’s worse.
{"title":"“Not as Bad as the ‘90s”? Firearm Violence in Small, Mid-Size, and Large US Cities, 2015–2021","authors":"Magic M. Wade","doi":"10.1177/10887679231163287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10887679231163287","url":null,"abstract":"I examine firearm homicide and injury data from more cities ( N = 1,328) during a longer timespan (2015–2021) than previous research on firearm violence encapsulating the Covid-19 pandemic. I contextualize the historic 2020 spike in gun violence within a broader trend of worsening gun violence impacting hundreds of US cities since 2015. More cities (364) are surpassing adverse homicide rate benchmarks observed during the 1980s–1990s, and US states situated in all regions contain numerous peak gun violence cities. Examining gun violence trends outside of the largest US cities is imperative, since 42% of all firearm homicides occur in places with populations <250,000, and over two-thirds of peak violence cities (243) have fewer than 100,000 residents. A shared sense of the scope and severity of the problem of gun violence is also urgently needed. For too many American communities, it’s not as bad as the 1990s, it’s worse.","PeriodicalId":51586,"journal":{"name":"Homicide Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42242667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.1177/10887679231166098
Karissa Pelletier
Firearm-related deaths were the second leading cause of death in 2020 among U.S. children and teens. Despite this, recent scoping reviews have highlighted the limited knowledge surrounding the impact of risk factors for firearm homicide victimization for these groups. I examine correlates for children and teen firearm victimization. I examine two research questions: What are the significant individual and situational variables for firearm homicide among children and teens? How do the individual and situational covariates of firearm homicide differ for children relative to teens? Findings demonstrate differences at the individual and situational levels.
{"title":"The Covariates of Children and Teen Firearm Homicide","authors":"Karissa Pelletier","doi":"10.1177/10887679231166098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10887679231166098","url":null,"abstract":"Firearm-related deaths were the second leading cause of death in 2020 among U.S. children and teens. Despite this, recent scoping reviews have highlighted the limited knowledge surrounding the impact of risk factors for firearm homicide victimization for these groups. I examine correlates for children and teen firearm victimization. I examine two research questions: What are the significant individual and situational variables for firearm homicide among children and teens? How do the individual and situational covariates of firearm homicide differ for children relative to teens? Findings demonstrate differences at the individual and situational levels.","PeriodicalId":51586,"journal":{"name":"Homicide Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46274973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.1177/10887679231154176
T. Bent-Goodley, Sakima Romero-Chandler, Aaliah Zonicle
While there has been increasing attention given to understanding intimate partner violence homicide, little has been done to address how to support survivors of intimate partner violence homicide. This paper explores perceptions of the needs of survivors of intimate partner violence homicide through 22 focus groups which included 128 participants identifying as Black or African American. Of those, 28 identified as survivors of intimate partner violence and 26 identified as providers. The findings reinforce addressing the needs of intimate partner violence homicide survivors from a holistic, culturally responsive, and trauma-informed lens. Implications on how to address these needs are discussed.
{"title":"Responding to Survivors of Intimate Partner Homicide in Black Communities","authors":"T. Bent-Goodley, Sakima Romero-Chandler, Aaliah Zonicle","doi":"10.1177/10887679231154176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10887679231154176","url":null,"abstract":"While there has been increasing attention given to understanding intimate partner violence homicide, little has been done to address how to support survivors of intimate partner violence homicide. This paper explores perceptions of the needs of survivors of intimate partner violence homicide through 22 focus groups which included 128 participants identifying as Black or African American. Of those, 28 identified as survivors of intimate partner violence and 26 identified as providers. The findings reinforce addressing the needs of intimate partner violence homicide survivors from a holistic, culturally responsive, and trauma-informed lens. Implications on how to address these needs are discussed.","PeriodicalId":51586,"journal":{"name":"Homicide Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45739841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.1177/10887679231163099
Lauren A. Magee, Daniel C. Semenza, S. Gharbi, S. Wiehe
Drawing on a social determinants of health framework, death records and Medicaid data were linked at the individual and family level to examine mental health outcomes among secondary homicide survivors in the 12 months following a homicide of a loved one. Results indicate secondary homicide survivors are significantly more likely to have a mental health diagnosis in the 12 months following a homicide—particularly youth family members. Violence prevention in local communities must be aligned with the provision of critical victims’ services and access to mental health care to protect all residents exposed to the harmful ripple effects of homicide.
{"title":"Addressing Mental Health Needs of Secondary Homicide Survivors through a Social Determinants of Health Framework","authors":"Lauren A. Magee, Daniel C. Semenza, S. Gharbi, S. Wiehe","doi":"10.1177/10887679231163099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10887679231163099","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on a social determinants of health framework, death records and Medicaid data were linked at the individual and family level to examine mental health outcomes among secondary homicide survivors in the 12 months following a homicide of a loved one. Results indicate secondary homicide survivors are significantly more likely to have a mental health diagnosis in the 12 months following a homicide—particularly youth family members. Violence prevention in local communities must be aligned with the provision of critical victims’ services and access to mental health care to protect all residents exposed to the harmful ripple effects of homicide.","PeriodicalId":51586,"journal":{"name":"Homicide Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"435 - 453"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48225224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-20DOI: 10.1177/10887679221148407
J. Reid, Raquel V. Oliveira, Nicole L. Collier
Research on criminal recidivism is extensive. However, little is known about how cumulative risk factors influence recidivism, specifically among homicide offenders. The current study examines the effect of cumulative psychological and social risk factors on recidivism patterns for homicide offenders released in Florida between 2004 and 2011. Analyses of 4,323 homicide offenders indicate that the influence of cumulative psycho-social risk factors varies depending on the measure of recidivism and the statistical method used. The implications of these findings for theory and research are considered.
{"title":"Exploring the Role of Psycho-Social Factors on the Recidivism of Homicide Offenders","authors":"J. Reid, Raquel V. Oliveira, Nicole L. Collier","doi":"10.1177/10887679221148407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10887679221148407","url":null,"abstract":"Research on criminal recidivism is extensive. However, little is known about how cumulative risk factors influence recidivism, specifically among homicide offenders. The current study examines the effect of cumulative psychological and social risk factors on recidivism patterns for homicide offenders released in Florida between 2004 and 2011. Analyses of 4,323 homicide offenders indicate that the influence of cumulative psycho-social risk factors varies depending on the measure of recidivism and the statistical method used. The implications of these findings for theory and research are considered.","PeriodicalId":51586,"journal":{"name":"Homicide Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46235230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-09DOI: 10.1177/10887679221139141
Pascal Bahary, S. Léveillée
This study aimed to describe extrafamilial homicide offenders’ confessions in police interrogation. The Quebec Coroner’s office supplied data from 76 homicide files including coroner reports. Pearson’s Chi-squared analyses showed that the offenders were significantly different according to confession type for the method used and the antisocial, borderline, and narcissistic personality disorder traits. A two-step cluster analysis revealed three profiles: Confession—quarreler and sexual; Confession—quarreler and mental illness; No confession—quarreler and criminality. Our findings further our understanding of confessions in police interrogation by adding psychological variables and could allow investigators to refine their interrogation strategies.
{"title":"Homicide Outside the Family Sphere: Confession in Police Interrogation, Offender Motivation and Characteristics – An Exploratory Study","authors":"Pascal Bahary, S. Léveillée","doi":"10.1177/10887679221139141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10887679221139141","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to describe extrafamilial homicide offenders’ confessions in police interrogation. The Quebec Coroner’s office supplied data from 76 homicide files including coroner reports. Pearson’s Chi-squared analyses showed that the offenders were significantly different according to confession type for the method used and the antisocial, borderline, and narcissistic personality disorder traits. A two-step cluster analysis revealed three profiles: Confession—quarreler and sexual; Confession—quarreler and mental illness; No confession—quarreler and criminality. Our findings further our understanding of confessions in police interrogation by adding psychological variables and could allow investigators to refine their interrogation strategies.","PeriodicalId":51586,"journal":{"name":"Homicide Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41509540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-26DOI: 10.1177/10887679221139500
Kendall G. Morris, Judith C. Scott
Black communities are disproportionately affected by homicide and the family and friends of homicide victims, known as survivors of homicide victims, are left behind to cope with their loss. These survivors of homicide victims must deal with the trauma of the death and obtaining justice for their loved one. Also, homicide deaths impact the whole community. There is limited research on the experiences of Black survivors of homicide victims. This exploratory phenomenological qualitative study examines the experiences of Black survivors of homicide victims in the Boston area, the impact that homicide deaths have on survivors, and the perspectives of systems agents directly involved with the aftermath of the homicide. The study was guided by the conceptual framework Model of Coping for African American Survivors of Homicide Victims (MCAASHV) and took into consideration the contexts and systems survivors interact with (ecological theory) and the ideologies shaping them (Critical Race Theory). Qualitative interviews were conducted with three Black family members of homicide victims and three system agents directly involved with homicide deaths that occur in Boston, Massachusetts. A narrative approach was used to identify themes in the data. Findings indicated that the Black survivors’ experience in Boston is characterized by dealing with simultaneous trauma and grief caused by the murder and navigating weak relationships with law enforcement and criminal justice systems. The findings also revealed that survivors and systems agents have differing opinions on why homicides are unsolved in Black communities. These findings have implications for research and the development of support services and interventions that are appropriate for Black survivors.
{"title":"“No One Can Feel My Pain”: The Experience of Black Women Survivors of Homicide Victims and System Agents’ Perspectives on the Impact of Homicide in the Boston Area","authors":"Kendall G. Morris, Judith C. Scott","doi":"10.1177/10887679221139500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10887679221139500","url":null,"abstract":"Black communities are disproportionately affected by homicide and the family and friends of homicide victims, known as survivors of homicide victims, are left behind to cope with their loss. These survivors of homicide victims must deal with the trauma of the death and obtaining justice for their loved one. Also, homicide deaths impact the whole community. There is limited research on the experiences of Black survivors of homicide victims. This exploratory phenomenological qualitative study examines the experiences of Black survivors of homicide victims in the Boston area, the impact that homicide deaths have on survivors, and the perspectives of systems agents directly involved with the aftermath of the homicide. The study was guided by the conceptual framework Model of Coping for African American Survivors of Homicide Victims (MCAASHV) and took into consideration the contexts and systems survivors interact with (ecological theory) and the ideologies shaping them (Critical Race Theory). Qualitative interviews were conducted with three Black family members of homicide victims and three system agents directly involved with homicide deaths that occur in Boston, Massachusetts. A narrative approach was used to identify themes in the data. Findings indicated that the Black survivors’ experience in Boston is characterized by dealing with simultaneous trauma and grief caused by the murder and navigating weak relationships with law enforcement and criminal justice systems. The findings also revealed that survivors and systems agents have differing opinions on why homicides are unsolved in Black communities. These findings have implications for research and the development of support services and interventions that are appropriate for Black survivors.","PeriodicalId":51586,"journal":{"name":"Homicide Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43530778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.1177/10887679221137583
Karen M. Holt, Allison Rojek, Makayla Mason, Larry Rothman
Innovative strategies can be utilized to investigate unsolved homicides, particularly through translational criminology. We present a case study of a collaboration developed between faculty and students in the School of Criminal Justice at Michigan State University and Michigan State Police’s First District in Lansing, Michigan. We highlight the benefits of including academics and students in these investigations and explore and critique the methodology we utilized to review a 41-year-old cold case homicide. We argue that these teams are a valuable resource with implications for the criminal justice system, the legitimacy of law enforcement, and the victims and their families.
{"title":"“Who is Where?” Cold Case Investigation and Collaborations Between Law Enforcement and Academia","authors":"Karen M. Holt, Allison Rojek, Makayla Mason, Larry Rothman","doi":"10.1177/10887679221137583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10887679221137583","url":null,"abstract":"Innovative strategies can be utilized to investigate unsolved homicides, particularly through translational criminology. We present a case study of a collaboration developed between faculty and students in the School of Criminal Justice at Michigan State University and Michigan State Police’s First District in Lansing, Michigan. We highlight the benefits of including academics and students in these investigations and explore and critique the methodology we utilized to review a 41-year-old cold case homicide. We argue that these teams are a valuable resource with implications for the criminal justice system, the legitimacy of law enforcement, and the victims and their families.","PeriodicalId":51586,"journal":{"name":"Homicide Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"493 - 505"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48984960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.1177/10887679221129857
Tyler Keller, Joel M. Caplan, L. Kennedy
Research on officer-involved shootings has covered many methods and designs, with a majority focusing on macro-level approaches to understanding the shooting event. Research designs which incorporate place are limited, but what does exist demonstrates the relevance of the micro-environment to contextualize the many factors which give rise to the shooting event. This research further explores the importance of the micro-environment by examining how crime generators and attractors, conceptualized as the built environment, can be utilized to understand where police officers are more likely to discharge their weapon. Data on police shootings in Philadelphia, PA which occurred between 2015 and 2019, along with data describing the environmental landscape of the city are used in conjunction with variables previously determined to be related to shooting events. This analysis uses a three-pronged approach to understanding the relevance of the micro-environment in officer-involved shootings. Results indicate that the most important predictor of police shootings are levels of violent crime. Violent crime rates, in turn, are significantly related to the built environment. The built environment, then, has an indirect relationship to the places where police are most likely to discharge their weapon which is mediated through the violent crime rate.
{"title":"The Influence of the Environment on Officer-Involved Shootings","authors":"Tyler Keller, Joel M. Caplan, L. Kennedy","doi":"10.1177/10887679221129857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10887679221129857","url":null,"abstract":"Research on officer-involved shootings has covered many methods and designs, with a majority focusing on macro-level approaches to understanding the shooting event. Research designs which incorporate place are limited, but what does exist demonstrates the relevance of the micro-environment to contextualize the many factors which give rise to the shooting event. This research further explores the importance of the micro-environment by examining how crime generators and attractors, conceptualized as the built environment, can be utilized to understand where police officers are more likely to discharge their weapon. Data on police shootings in Philadelphia, PA which occurred between 2015 and 2019, along with data describing the environmental landscape of the city are used in conjunction with variables previously determined to be related to shooting events. This analysis uses a three-pronged approach to understanding the relevance of the micro-environment in officer-involved shootings. Results indicate that the most important predictor of police shootings are levels of violent crime. Violent crime rates, in turn, are significantly related to the built environment. The built environment, then, has an indirect relationship to the places where police are most likely to discharge their weapon which is mediated through the violent crime rate.","PeriodicalId":51586,"journal":{"name":"Homicide Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"97 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48436444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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