Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.1177/10887679221111165
Carson Swisher, M. AbiNader
COVID-19 affected every aspect of our society, including homicide incidence, investigation, and prosecution. This case study examines the impact of COVID-19 on homicide investigation in one large metropolitan police department. Two homicide investigators were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. A thematic analytic approach was used to identify two overarching themes: fear and changes to investigative procedure. Detectives feared getting COVID-19 and possibly transmitting it to their loved ones, particularly in the early day of the pandemic when little was known about transmission. Homicide investigators faced several changes to how they conducted interviews, met with families, and sought warrants. While this case study only offers a glimpse into the challenges faced by law enforcement departments due to COVID-19, it is clear that homicide investigations were greatly affected and may continue to be so. More research is needed to unpack the relationship between COVID-19 and policies that were implemented in response to it.
{"title":"COVID-19’s Effects on Homicide Investigation","authors":"Carson Swisher, M. AbiNader","doi":"10.1177/10887679221111165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10887679221111165","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 affected every aspect of our society, including homicide incidence, investigation, and prosecution. This case study examines the impact of COVID-19 on homicide investigation in one large metropolitan police department. Two homicide investigators were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. A thematic analytic approach was used to identify two overarching themes: fear and changes to investigative procedure. Detectives feared getting COVID-19 and possibly transmitting it to their loved ones, particularly in the early day of the pandemic when little was known about transmission. Homicide investigators faced several changes to how they conducted interviews, met with families, and sought warrants. While this case study only offers a glimpse into the challenges faced by law enforcement departments due to COVID-19, it is clear that homicide investigations were greatly affected and may continue to be so. More research is needed to unpack the relationship between COVID-19 and policies that were implemented in response to it.","PeriodicalId":51586,"journal":{"name":"Homicide Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":"345 - 352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45668628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-08DOI: 10.1177/10887679221110814
M. AbiNader, J. Messing, J. Pizarro, Jacquelyn C. Campbell
COVID-19 transformed society, affecting how every sector conducted work. Researchers, law enforcement, and social service agencies had to adapt procedures to a virtual space—moving participant recruitment, warrant requests, and protection orders online. Researcher-practitioner partnerships also altered, halting in-person data collection and agencies having limited time to support guests, regardless of interest. While some COVID-19-related challenges will likely subside, the future of these partnerships seems to have permanently shifted. In this research note, we reflect on these shifts using an example of an intimate partner homicide study to discuss research adaptions to COVID-19 and the future of community-engaged homicide research.
{"title":"The Effect of COVID-19 on Community-Engaged Homicide Research","authors":"M. AbiNader, J. Messing, J. Pizarro, Jacquelyn C. Campbell","doi":"10.1177/10887679221110814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10887679221110814","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 transformed society, affecting how every sector conducted work. Researchers, law enforcement, and social service agencies had to adapt procedures to a virtual space—moving participant recruitment, warrant requests, and protection orders online. Researcher-practitioner partnerships also altered, halting in-person data collection and agencies having limited time to support guests, regardless of interest. While some COVID-19-related challenges will likely subside, the future of these partnerships seems to have permanently shifted. In this research note, we reflect on these shifts using an example of an intimate partner homicide study to discuss research adaptions to COVID-19 and the future of community-engaged homicide research.","PeriodicalId":51586,"journal":{"name":"Homicide Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":"353 - 361"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45140013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.1177/10887679221108327
Jennifer K. Wesely, Susan Dewey
Those who lose a loved one to homicide are considered crime victims, and accordingly may be eligible for state services and compensation. Yet institutionalized constructs about good/innocent and bad/guilty victims can trigger law enforcement agents’ presumptions of how deserving a homicide loss survivor is of resources, responsiveness and support. These attitudes can impact discretionary decision-making about assistance for survivors. Using qualitative in-depth interviews with Homicide Unit and Victim Services Unit personnel at one agency, this study explores these perceptions and their impacts on advocacy for homicide loss survivors. Ultimately, there are justice implications for this population.
{"title":"“I Want That Money Saved for ‘Real’ Victims”: Homicide Detectives’ Perceptions of Victims and Impacts on Advocacy and Services for Loss Survivors","authors":"Jennifer K. Wesely, Susan Dewey","doi":"10.1177/10887679221108327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10887679221108327","url":null,"abstract":"Those who lose a loved one to homicide are considered crime victims, and accordingly may be eligible for state services and compensation. Yet institutionalized constructs about good/innocent and bad/guilty victims can trigger law enforcement agents’ presumptions of how deserving a homicide loss survivor is of resources, responsiveness and support. These attitudes can impact discretionary decision-making about assistance for survivors. Using qualitative in-depth interviews with Homicide Unit and Victim Services Unit personnel at one agency, this study explores these perceptions and their impacts on advocacy for homicide loss survivors. Ultimately, there are justice implications for this population.","PeriodicalId":51586,"journal":{"name":"Homicide Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47876064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-02DOI: 10.1177/10887679221103783
Monica Solinas-Saunders
The study compares incidents of intimate femicide-suicide (IFS) to incidents of intimate femicide without suicide (IFWS) that occurred in Italy between 2015 and 2019 and examines the influence of situational, sociocultural, and individual characteristics. Findings from the multivariate analysis show that incidents of IFS are more likely than incidents of IFWS to involve the use of firearms and the death of multiple victims. Furthermore, incidents of IFS are less likely than incidents of IFWS to involve previous instances of domestic violence and less likely to involve a perpetrator who was unemployed at the time of the incident.
{"title":"Intimate Femicide-Suicide in Italy Between 2015 and 2019: A Comparison to Intimate Femicide Without Suicide","authors":"Monica Solinas-Saunders","doi":"10.1177/10887679221103783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10887679221103783","url":null,"abstract":"The study compares incidents of intimate femicide-suicide (IFS) to incidents of intimate femicide without suicide (IFWS) that occurred in Italy between 2015 and 2019 and examines the influence of situational, sociocultural, and individual characteristics. Findings from the multivariate analysis show that incidents of IFS are more likely than incidents of IFWS to involve the use of firearms and the death of multiple victims. Furthermore, incidents of IFS are less likely than incidents of IFWS to involve previous instances of domestic violence and less likely to involve a perpetrator who was unemployed at the time of the incident.","PeriodicalId":51586,"journal":{"name":"Homicide Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48836039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1177/10887679221108872
Emylle T. M. dos Santos, C. D. de Oliveira, B. Furtado, H. V. da Costa, C. V. do Bonfim
This paper investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the time series of female homicides in the state of Pernambuco, Northeast of Brazil. Microdata on lethal violent crimes from the Department of Social Defense from 2015 to 2020 was used. The homicide rates were analyzed using joinpoint regression models. The results showed an upward trend in homicide rates in the Sertão mesoregion and within the 20 to 39 age group in 2020. It is concluded that confinement and social distancing aggravated the violence against women, showing the need for intersectoral planning and measures to prevent and reduce female homicides.
{"title":"Female Homicide and the COVID-19 Pandemic in a State of the Northeast Region of Brazil","authors":"Emylle T. M. dos Santos, C. D. de Oliveira, B. Furtado, H. V. da Costa, C. V. do Bonfim","doi":"10.1177/10887679221108872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10887679221108872","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the time series of female homicides in the state of Pernambuco, Northeast of Brazil. Microdata on lethal violent crimes from the Department of Social Defense from 2015 to 2020 was used. The homicide rates were analyzed using joinpoint regression models. The results showed an upward trend in homicide rates in the Sertão mesoregion and within the 20 to 39 age group in 2020. It is concluded that confinement and social distancing aggravated the violence against women, showing the need for intersectoral planning and measures to prevent and reduce female homicides.","PeriodicalId":51586,"journal":{"name":"Homicide Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":"403 - 418"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47967707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1177/10887679221101605
J. Schildkraut, J. Turanovic
Although the COVID-19 pandemic has brought much of U.S. society to a grinding halt, its impact on the occurrence of mass shootings is largely unknown. Using data from the Gun Violence Archive and an interrupted time-series design, we analyzed weekly counts of mass shootings in the U.S. from 2019 through 2021. Results show that total, private, and public mass shootings increased following the declaration of COVID-19 as a national emergency in March of 2020. We consider these findings in the context of their broader implications for prevention efforts as well as how they pave the way for future research.
{"title":"A New Wave of Mass Shootings? Exploring the Potential Impact of COVID-19","authors":"J. Schildkraut, J. Turanovic","doi":"10.1177/10887679221101605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10887679221101605","url":null,"abstract":"Although the COVID-19 pandemic has brought much of U.S. society to a grinding halt, its impact on the occurrence of mass shootings is largely unknown. Using data from the Gun Violence Archive and an interrupted time-series design, we analyzed weekly counts of mass shootings in the U.S. from 2019 through 2021. Results show that total, private, and public mass shootings increased following the declaration of COVID-19 as a national emergency in March of 2020. We consider these findings in the context of their broader implications for prevention efforts as well as how they pave the way for future research.","PeriodicalId":51586,"journal":{"name":"Homicide Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":"362 - 378"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45345144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-02DOI: 10.1177/10887679221082910
Hava Dayan
Homicide crime scene staging (HCSS) involves purposefully altering the death scene to obstruct the criminal justice process by concealing the true nature of a crime. It is one of the most perplexing and intriguing homicidal behaviors and one of the least systematically studied, particularly in non-Western societies. As the first systematic study of HCSS in a non-Western society, this paper contributes to the ethnocultural understanding of HCSS by analyzing nation-based data regarding 56 HCSS events in Israel (excluding the West Bank and Gaza) during a 40-year period (1980–2019). Descriptive statistics demonstrate HCSS in Israel differs from that reported by studies in Western societies regarding weapon of choice and the death scene scenario offenders tend to stage. Comparative analysis of the two main ethnic groups in Israel, Jewish and Arab, demonstrates ethnic diversity in HCSS frequency, killing motive, victim characteristics, and victim–offender relations.
{"title":"Ethnocultural Diversity in Homicide Crime Scene Staging","authors":"Hava Dayan","doi":"10.1177/10887679221082910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10887679221082910","url":null,"abstract":"Homicide crime scene staging (HCSS) involves purposefully altering the death scene to obstruct the criminal justice process by concealing the true nature of a crime. It is one of the most perplexing and intriguing homicidal behaviors and one of the least systematically studied, particularly in non-Western societies. As the first systematic study of HCSS in a non-Western society, this paper contributes to the ethnocultural understanding of HCSS by analyzing nation-based data regarding 56 HCSS events in Israel (excluding the West Bank and Gaza) during a 40-year period (1980–2019). Descriptive statistics demonstrate HCSS in Israel differs from that reported by studies in Western societies regarding weapon of choice and the death scene scenario offenders tend to stage. Comparative analysis of the two main ethnic groups in Israel, Jewish and Arab, demonstrates ethnic diversity in HCSS frequency, killing motive, victim characteristics, and victim–offender relations.","PeriodicalId":51586,"journal":{"name":"Homicide Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49660861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-08DOI: 10.1177/10887679221081788
Cassandra Jones, K. Bracewell, A. Clegg, N. Stanley, K. Chantler
Domestic Violence Fatality Reviews/Domestic Homicide Reviews (DVFRs/DHRs) are multi-agency reviews aimed at reducing domestic homicides. This study systematically reviews research that examines DVFR/DHR recommendations, impact of these recommendations and proposals for improving DVFR/DHR processes. A narrative synthesis was adopted due to the diversity of the 11 studies reviewed. Themes identified from recommendations included: training and awareness; service provision and coordination; and recommendations for children. Regarding DVFR/DHR processes, standardization, diverse teams, and additional resources were highlighted. There was little evidence of whether DVFR/DHR recommendations were implemented. Findings can strengthen DVFR/DHR operationalization and impacts.
{"title":"Domestic Homicide Review Committees’ Recommendations and Impacts: A Systematic Review","authors":"Cassandra Jones, K. Bracewell, A. Clegg, N. Stanley, K. Chantler","doi":"10.1177/10887679221081788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10887679221081788","url":null,"abstract":"Domestic Violence Fatality Reviews/Domestic Homicide Reviews (DVFRs/DHRs) are multi-agency reviews aimed at reducing domestic homicides. This study systematically reviews research that examines DVFR/DHR recommendations, impact of these recommendations and proposals for improving DVFR/DHR processes. A narrative synthesis was adopted due to the diversity of the 11 studies reviewed. Themes identified from recommendations included: training and awareness; service provision and coordination; and recommendations for children. Regarding DVFR/DHR processes, standardization, diverse teams, and additional resources were highlighted. There was little evidence of whether DVFR/DHR recommendations were implemented. Findings can strengthen DVFR/DHR operationalization and impacts.","PeriodicalId":51586,"journal":{"name":"Homicide Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49160396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-06DOI: 10.1177/10887679221078966
S. Tjaden, David A. Makin
Prior research has associated Craigslist.com and Backpage.com as sources of victimization, which in part resulted in the closure of the erotic services of each respective website. However, research also claims the introduction of Craigslist was associated with a reduction in female homicide rates across 30 large cities. This research acts as a supplemental analysis to Cunningham et al. by analyzing if Backpage.com, considered to be Craigslist’s successor, has similar effects on female homicide rates. When including measures of interest in each respective website, we find that Backpage is associated with a decrease in homicide rates for women. The purpose of this study is to extend the study conducted by Cunningham et al. through supplemental analysis. To determine the effect of online clearinghouses on female homicide rates, interest measures in Backpage along with the female homicide rates from 120 single city metropolitan and micropolitan areas over 14 years (2004–2018) were analyzed using multiple regression analyses. The regression analyses show that there is a statistically significant relationship between interest in Backpage and homicide rates for women. We find that Backpage is associated with a decrease in homicide rates for women.
{"title":"Negotiated Safety? Did Backpage.com Reduce Female Homicide Rates","authors":"S. Tjaden, David A. Makin","doi":"10.1177/10887679221078966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10887679221078966","url":null,"abstract":"Prior research has associated Craigslist.com and Backpage.com as sources of victimization, which in part resulted in the closure of the erotic services of each respective website. However, research also claims the introduction of Craigslist was associated with a reduction in female homicide rates across 30 large cities. This research acts as a supplemental analysis to Cunningham et al. by analyzing if Backpage.com, considered to be Craigslist’s successor, has similar effects on female homicide rates. When including measures of interest in each respective website, we find that Backpage is associated with a decrease in homicide rates for women. The purpose of this study is to extend the study conducted by Cunningham et al. through supplemental analysis. To determine the effect of online clearinghouses on female homicide rates, interest measures in Backpage along with the female homicide rates from 120 single city metropolitan and micropolitan areas over 14 years (2004–2018) were analyzed using multiple regression analyses. The regression analyses show that there is a statistically significant relationship between interest in Backpage and homicide rates for women. We find that Backpage is associated with a decrease in homicide rates for women.","PeriodicalId":51586,"journal":{"name":"Homicide Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41464926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-10DOI: 10.1177/10887679221077036
D. Kim
This study explores the impact of COVID-19 on gun violence in NYC and its interactive effects with neighborhood factors at the census tract level. Random effects negative binomial models are used to analyze monthly data from January 2017 to March 2021. There was a significant increase in gun violence during the pandemic. In addition, poverty, economic inequality, African Americans, Hispanics, residential mobility, and total population were significantly associated with increases in gun violence. However, there were no significant interaction effects between the pandemic and neighborhood characteristics. This study concludes with a discussion of study limitations and implications.
{"title":"The Impact of COVID-19 on Gun Violence Across Census Tracts in NYC","authors":"D. Kim","doi":"10.1177/10887679221077036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10887679221077036","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the impact of COVID-19 on gun violence in NYC and its interactive effects with neighborhood factors at the census tract level. Random effects negative binomial models are used to analyze monthly data from January 2017 to March 2021. There was a significant increase in gun violence during the pandemic. In addition, poverty, economic inequality, African Americans, Hispanics, residential mobility, and total population were significantly associated with increases in gun violence. However, there were no significant interaction effects between the pandemic and neighborhood characteristics. This study concludes with a discussion of study limitations and implications.","PeriodicalId":51586,"journal":{"name":"Homicide Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":"379 - 402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44108626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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