Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-120
M. Halilovič
Abstract. Conventional stress reconstruction based on full-field strain measurements presents a major computational burden, especially when using standard implicit stress integration methods. This presents a notable challenge for inverse identification methods used to characterize the plasticity of metallic materials, particularly those reliant on stress reconstruction, such as the nonlinear sensitivity-based Virtual Fields Method (VFM). To reduce the computational effort, the full-field strain data are usually spatially and temporally down-sampled. However, for metals subject to nonlinear strain paths, this practice can lead to errors in the resulting stress states and compromise the accuracy of the nonlinear VFM. In this work, we introduce a highly efficient explicit stress reconstruction algorithm to reduce the computational challenges of repeated stress reconstruction which can be utilized in inverse identification methods such as nonlinear VFM.
{"title":"From strain to stress using full-field data: Computationally efficient stress reconstruction","authors":"M. Halilovič","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-120","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Conventional stress reconstruction based on full-field strain measurements presents a major computational burden, especially when using standard implicit stress integration methods. This presents a notable challenge for inverse identification methods used to characterize the plasticity of metallic materials, particularly those reliant on stress reconstruction, such as the nonlinear sensitivity-based Virtual Fields Method (VFM). To reduce the computational effort, the full-field strain data are usually spatially and temporally down-sampled. However, for metals subject to nonlinear strain paths, this practice can lead to errors in the resulting stress states and compromise the accuracy of the nonlinear VFM. In this work, we introduce a highly efficient explicit stress reconstruction algorithm to reduce the computational challenges of repeated stress reconstruction which can be utilized in inverse identification methods such as nonlinear VFM.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140974029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-284
Yun-Mei Luo
Abstract. Thermal effect has important influence during the stretch blow moulding (SBM) process of PET bottle. Setting the heating condition in an industrial context is a complex task. A 3D simplified modelling of the heating stage during this process is proposed. In this numerical approach, the radiation source is simulated by using a model for intensity of the incident radiation and the Beer Lambert’s law. On the other hand, the ventilation effect under industrial condition is taken into account by a modelling of the forced convection around a cylinder. The IR flux and ventilation effects are implemented as thermal boundary conditions in COMSOL for a 3D computation of the thermal problem for the preform only. Based on this simplified approach to achieve quickly the numerical simulation of the preform heating, an optimization procedure is proposed to adjust the settings of the infrared lamps by comparing our simulation results to the target temperature profile. This optimization tool provides quickly a first set of parameters to help industrial to obtain the desired temperature profile.
摘要热效应在 PET 瓶拉伸吹塑成型（SBM）过程中具有重要影响。在工业环境中设定加热条件是一项复杂的任务。本文提出了该过程中加热阶段的三维简化模型。在这种数值方法中，辐射源通过入射辐射强度模型和比尔-朗伯定律进行模拟。另一方面，通过模拟圆柱体周围的强制对流，考虑了工业条件下的通风效应。红外通量和通风效应在 COMSOL 中作为热边界条件实现，仅用于预成型件热问题的三维计算。基于这种快速实现瓶坯加热数值模拟的简化方法，我们提出了一种优化程序，通过比较模拟结果和目标温度曲线来调整红外灯的设置。该优化工具可快速提供第一组参数，帮助工业部门获得所需的温度曲线。
{"title":"Optimization of the temperature profile of PET preform via a 3D modelling of the Infrared Heating and ventilation","authors":"Yun-Mei Luo","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-284","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Thermal effect has important influence during the stretch blow moulding (SBM) process of PET bottle. Setting the heating condition in an industrial context is a complex task. A 3D simplified modelling of the heating stage during this process is proposed. In this numerical approach, the radiation source is simulated by using a model for intensity of the incident radiation and the Beer Lambert’s law. On the other hand, the ventilation effect under industrial condition is taken into account by a modelling of the forced convection around a cylinder. The IR flux and ventilation effects are implemented as thermal boundary conditions in COMSOL for a 3D computation of the thermal problem for the preform only. Based on this simplified approach to achieve quickly the numerical simulation of the preform heating, an optimization procedure is proposed to adjust the settings of the infrared lamps by comparing our simulation results to the target temperature profile. This optimization tool provides quickly a first set of parameters to help industrial to obtain the desired temperature profile.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"84 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140973553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-113
A-.P. Pokka
Abstract. The engineering potential of air-bending as a sheet-metal forming process has been limited by certain challenges related to high-strength steels, strain localization, surface defects, “multi-breakage” and bend shape. The phenomena related to these challenges are not yet fully understood, as the conventional test methods have not provided sufficient data for in-depth analysis of the material behavior in air-bending. In this study, nine thermomechanically rolled steel grades are bent in an air-bending test setup using three different punch radii, and Digital Image Correlation for strain measurement on the outer surface. The development of the cross-section moment is measured from the force-displacement curve. A connection is found between the developments of the cross-section moment, strain distribution and multi-breakage, as well as the strain-hardening properties of the material. The presented results illustrate the potential for predicting bending behavior based on the force-displacement curve, that could be achieved with better understanding of the physics related to the air-bending process.
{"title":"Development of the cross-section moment in air-bending","authors":"A-.P. Pokka","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-113","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The engineering potential of air-bending as a sheet-metal forming process has been limited by certain challenges related to high-strength steels, strain localization, surface defects, “multi-breakage” and bend shape. The phenomena related to these challenges are not yet fully understood, as the conventional test methods have not provided sufficient data for in-depth analysis of the material behavior in air-bending. In this study, nine thermomechanically rolled steel grades are bent in an air-bending test setup using three different punch radii, and Digital Image Correlation for strain measurement on the outer surface. The development of the cross-section moment is measured from the force-displacement curve. A connection is found between the developments of the cross-section moment, strain distribution and multi-breakage, as well as the strain-hardening properties of the material. The presented results illustrate the potential for predicting bending behavior based on the force-displacement curve, that could be achieved with better understanding of the physics related to the air-bending process.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-89
Janina Siring
Abstract. Dies used in hot forging are subjected to high cyclic thermo-mechanical loads, which lead to die failure. There are various options for increasing the service life of these dies, for example coatings or heat treatments. Another possibility is to adapt the choice of material, which is the focus of this work. For example, the nickel-based alloy Inconel has a higher strength at elevated temperatures compared to tool steel. However, Inconel is difficult to manufacture and has higher material costs. For this reason, a new process design for the production of a hybrid die consisting of Inconel 718 and tool steel X38CrMoV5.3 is presented within this work. To produce the hybrid dies, the two materials are first friction welded and then formed using hot forging. In addition to the numerical process design, experimental tests are also carried out to manufacture such hybrid dies. Furthermore, a numerical parameter study is done to determine the influence of the forging temperature, the forging speed and the initial Inconel thickness on the process parameters. It can be shown that the production of hybrid dies is possible by using the Tailored Forming process chain. The influencing factors investigated change the required press force and also the material distribution of the Inconel in the hybrid die produced. In the future, further experimental tests will be carried out to determine the service life of the hybrid dies.
{"title":"Numerical process design for the production of a hybrid die made of tool steel X38CrMoV5.3 and inconel 718","authors":"Janina Siring","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-89","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Dies used in hot forging are subjected to high cyclic thermo-mechanical loads, which lead to die failure. There are various options for increasing the service life of these dies, for example coatings or heat treatments. Another possibility is to adapt the choice of material, which is the focus of this work. For example, the nickel-based alloy Inconel has a higher strength at elevated temperatures compared to tool steel. However, Inconel is difficult to manufacture and has higher material costs. For this reason, a new process design for the production of a hybrid die consisting of Inconel 718 and tool steel X38CrMoV5.3 is presented within this work. To produce the hybrid dies, the two materials are first friction welded and then formed using hot forging. In addition to the numerical process design, experimental tests are also carried out to manufacture such hybrid dies. Furthermore, a numerical parameter study is done to determine the influence of the forging temperature, the forging speed and the initial Inconel thickness on the process parameters. It can be shown that the production of hybrid dies is possible by using the Tailored Forming process chain. The influencing factors investigated change the required press force and also the material distribution of the Inconel in the hybrid die produced. In the future, further experimental tests will be carried out to determine the service life of the hybrid dies.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140974415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-305
T. Borgert
Abstract. Saving energy and reducing emissions in all sectors is essential if the ambitious climate targets of various European countries are to be met. One way of achieving this is to recycle metallic materials, which require a lot of energy to produce, in a way that minimizes the use of energy and resources. The friction-induced solid-state recycling process enables the energy-efficient recycling of what is in theory an endless aluminium semi-finished product through the continuous rotation of the wheel used. The past investigations proved the energy-efficient recycling of new aluminium scrap (powder, foil, chips) to a full semi-finished product with good properties. The continuous character of the process along with the likewise continuous feeding of the material to be recycled enables both mixing and successive processing of different aluminium alloys. For this purpose, the processed four different aluminium alloys are selectively mixed and processed simultaneously, as well as different alloys are processed one after the other to achieve a gradation of properties along the length of the semi-finished product. The recycled semi-finished product is examined regarding die filling, hardness, tensile strength as well as microstructure. The central result of the investigations is the fact that the friction-induced recycling process has different possibilities for grading the properties and microstructure in a wide range.
{"title":"Property grading by friction induced and continuous solid-state recycling of aluminium scrap","authors":"T. Borgert","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-305","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Saving energy and reducing emissions in all sectors is essential if the ambitious climate targets of various European countries are to be met. One way of achieving this is to recycle metallic materials, which require a lot of energy to produce, in a way that minimizes the use of energy and resources. The friction-induced solid-state recycling process enables the energy-efficient recycling of what is in theory an endless aluminium semi-finished product through the continuous rotation of the wheel used. The past investigations proved the energy-efficient recycling of new aluminium scrap (powder, foil, chips) to a full semi-finished product with good properties. The continuous character of the process along with the likewise continuous feeding of the material to be recycled enables both mixing and successive processing of different aluminium alloys. For this purpose, the processed four different aluminium alloys are selectively mixed and processed simultaneously, as well as different alloys are processed one after the other to achieve a gradation of properties along the length of the semi-finished product. The recycled semi-finished product is examined regarding die filling, hardness, tensile strength as well as microstructure. The central result of the investigations is the fact that the friction-induced recycling process has different possibilities for grading the properties and microstructure in a wide range.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"47 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-24
E. Saggionetto
Abstract. Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) of metallic alloys allows to achieve complex shape parts with innovative properties. However, the commercial availability of powder for LPBF is still limited, thus restraining the development of new alloys. To overcome this shortcoming, mixing different powders allows to tailor the chemical composition, although affecting the LPBF process. Indeed, to achieve a fully dense and defect-free part a proper melt pool must be generated during the LPBF process, in order to ensure good overlapping between each track and layer. Melt pools can be described as conductive or key-hole like, promoting the appearance of process-induced defects such as lack of fusion or key-hole porosities. Processing a mixture of several powders by changing the amount of one constituent can affect the type of melt pool generated during the process, thus shifting the process map. In this work, AISI S2 tool steel powders are enriched with 5 and 10% (in volume) of Silicon Carbide (SiC) and processed by LPBF. The effect of SiC on the processability is discussed for different volumetric energy density (Ed). Defects within cross sections are characterized and quantified, as well as the melt pool depth and morphology.
{"title":"Effect of SiC addition on processability of AISI S2 tool steel for laser powder bed fusion","authors":"E. Saggionetto","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-24","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) of metallic alloys allows to achieve complex shape parts with innovative properties. However, the commercial availability of powder for LPBF is still limited, thus restraining the development of new alloys. To overcome this shortcoming, mixing different powders allows to tailor the chemical composition, although affecting the LPBF process. Indeed, to achieve a fully dense and defect-free part a proper melt pool must be generated during the LPBF process, in order to ensure good overlapping between each track and layer. Melt pools can be described as conductive or key-hole like, promoting the appearance of process-induced defects such as lack of fusion or key-hole porosities. Processing a mixture of several powders by changing the amount of one constituent can affect the type of melt pool generated during the process, thus shifting the process map. In this work, AISI S2 tool steel powders are enriched with 5 and 10% (in volume) of Silicon Carbide (SiC) and processed by LPBF. The effect of SiC on the processability is discussed for different volumetric energy density (Ed). Defects within cross sections are characterized and quantified, as well as the melt pool depth and morphology.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"48 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140973164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-153
V. Psyk
Abstract. Joining by electromagnetic forming can provide high-strength connections of tubes and connector parts from different materials. In order to qualify this technology for manufacturing components made of high-strength aluminum alloys typically used in aircraft manufacturing a parameter study was performed on form fit joining of tubes (outer diameter: 70 mm, wall thickness: 1.6 mm) and mandrels (diameter: 66.6 mm) both made of EN AW-2024 (T351). Since some aircraft applications, e. g. the so-called z-struts, which support the passenger floor of the airplane, are related to high axial compressive loads and medium axial tensile loads, this load scenario was considered. In order to increase especially the compressive load-bearing capacity, joint configurations featuring direct support of the tube end via a step or a shoulder of the joining partner were designed and investigated. The axial support can increase the transferable compressive load, while the tensile load remains largely unaffected. Attention must be paid to the gap between tube end and axial support, which cannot be fully avoided due to axial material flow during the electromagnetic joining process. Bending the tube end into a groove providing axial support of the tube end enables compressive load-bearing capacities, which can approximate the strength of the tube material. Here, increasing bending angles improve the load-bearing capacity under tensile force, but reduce the transferable compressive load. Multiple groove configurations can provide acceptable load bearing capacity considering tensile and compressive load. Numerical simulation can predict the general behavior of components joined by electromagnetic forming, help to understand the damage mechanisms of the joint and allow identifying trends for joint design.
摘要通过电磁成形连接可实现不同材料管材和连接件的高强度连接。为了验证该技术是否适用于飞机制造中常用的高强度铝合金部件，对 EN AW-2024 (T351) 管（外径：70 毫米，壁厚：1.6 毫米）和心轴（直径：66.6 毫米）的成型连接进行了参数研究。由于某些飞机应用（例如支撑飞机乘客地板的所谓 Z 形支柱）需要承受高轴向压缩载荷和中等轴向拉伸载荷，因此考虑了这种载荷情况。为了特别提高压缩承载能力，设计并研究了通过连接件的台阶或肩部直接支撑管端的连接构造。轴向支撑可以增加可传递的压缩载荷，而拉伸载荷基本不受影响。必须注意管端与轴向支撑之间的间隙，在电磁连接过程中，由于材料的轴向流动，无法完全避免这种间隙。将管端弯曲到凹槽中，为管端提供轴向支撑，可实现压缩承载能力，这可以接近管材料的强度。在这种情况下，增加弯曲角度可提高拉伸力下的承载能力，但会降低可传递的压缩载荷。考虑到拉伸和压缩载荷，多种沟槽配置可提供可接受的承载能力。数值模拟可以预测通过电磁成形连接的部件的一般行为，有助于了解连接的损坏机制，并确定连接设计的趋势。
{"title":"Numerical and experimental analysis of struts joined by electromagnetic forming for aircraft applications","authors":"V. Psyk","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-153","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Joining by electromagnetic forming can provide high-strength connections of tubes and connector parts from different materials. In order to qualify this technology for manufacturing components made of high-strength aluminum alloys typically used in aircraft manufacturing a parameter study was performed on form fit joining of tubes (outer diameter: 70 mm, wall thickness: 1.6 mm) and mandrels (diameter: 66.6 mm) both made of EN AW-2024 (T351). Since some aircraft applications, e. g. the so-called z-struts, which support the passenger floor of the airplane, are related to high axial compressive loads and medium axial tensile loads, this load scenario was considered. In order to increase especially the compressive load-bearing capacity, joint configurations featuring direct support of the tube end via a step or a shoulder of the joining partner were designed and investigated. The axial support can increase the transferable compressive load, while the tensile load remains largely unaffected. Attention must be paid to the gap between tube end and axial support, which cannot be fully avoided due to axial material flow during the electromagnetic joining process. Bending the tube end into a groove providing axial support of the tube end enables compressive load-bearing capacities, which can approximate the strength of the tube material. Here, increasing bending angles improve the load-bearing capacity under tensile force, but reduce the transferable compressive load. Multiple groove configurations can provide acceptable load bearing capacity considering tensile and compressive load. Numerical simulation can predict the general behavior of components joined by electromagnetic forming, help to understand the damage mechanisms of the joint and allow identifying trends for joint design.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"89 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140973181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-181
Marc Crescenti
Abstract. The combination of different materials enables to achieve highly efficient structures in terms of lightweight and mechanical performance, as well as in terms of manufacturing costs. However, the weakest points of these structures use to be the joints. For this reason, in the last years, many studies have dealt with joining technologies for dissimilar materials. The Reinforce3D’s Continuous Fibre Injection Process (CFIP) technology delivers a unique method to join dissimilar materials. CFIP is based on injecting continuous fibers, such as carbon fibers, simultaneously with liquid resin into tubular cavities within the part. Then the resin is cured and the final composite part is obtained. This work focuses on the characterization of the mechanical properties of CFIP-made specimens and describes the potential lightweight benefits of the technology. Mechanical tests were performed under tensile and bending conditions following standardized methods. The lightweight potential is addressed by developing a representative case study by implementing finite element and topology optimization methods. The results of this case study were finally compared with a monomaterial equivalent component (aluminium) demonstrating the improvement that CFIP provides in terms of lightweight while keeping the strength.
{"title":"The continuous fibre injection process (CFIP): A novel approach to lightweight design of multi-material structural components","authors":"Marc Crescenti","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-181","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The combination of different materials enables to achieve highly efficient structures in terms of lightweight and mechanical performance, as well as in terms of manufacturing costs. However, the weakest points of these structures use to be the joints. For this reason, in the last years, many studies have dealt with joining technologies for dissimilar materials. The Reinforce3D’s Continuous Fibre Injection Process (CFIP) technology delivers a unique method to join dissimilar materials. CFIP is based on injecting continuous fibers, such as carbon fibers, simultaneously with liquid resin into tubular cavities within the part. Then the resin is cured and the final composite part is obtained. This work focuses on the characterization of the mechanical properties of CFIP-made specimens and describes the potential lightweight benefits of the technology. Mechanical tests were performed under tensile and bending conditions following standardized methods. The lightweight potential is addressed by developing a representative case study by implementing finite element and topology optimization methods. The results of this case study were finally compared with a monomaterial equivalent component (aluminium) demonstrating the improvement that CFIP provides in terms of lightweight while keeping the strength.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"72 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140973715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-70
Connie Qian
Abstract. Composites manufacturing using prepreg general a large proportion of waste from ply cutting, which usually ends up in landfill. A novel reuse route for prepreg manufacturing waste is proposed by combining chip-SMC reprocessed from the waste material and the virgin continuous fibre prepreg to create hybrid architecture composites. Experimental studies are performed to investigate the flow behaviour of prepreg chip-SMC under typical compression moulding conditions and benchmark it against a conventional SMC. Process characterisation is also performed for hybrid architecture composites to understand the critical deformation mechanisms of chip-SMC and prepreg, and the interaction between the two materials. Compression moulding trials are performed to further study the material behaviour and process characterises under realistic manufacturing conditions.
{"title":"Experimental characterisation for compression moulding of hybrid architecture composites using reclaimed prepreg manufacturing waste","authors":"Connie Qian","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-70","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Composites manufacturing using prepreg general a large proportion of waste from ply cutting, which usually ends up in landfill. A novel reuse route for prepreg manufacturing waste is proposed by combining chip-SMC reprocessed from the waste material and the virgin continuous fibre prepreg to create hybrid architecture composites. Experimental studies are performed to investigate the flow behaviour of prepreg chip-SMC under typical compression moulding conditions and benchmark it against a conventional SMC. Process characterisation is also performed for hybrid architecture composites to understand the critical deformation mechanisms of chip-SMC and prepreg, and the interaction between the two materials. Compression moulding trials are performed to further study the material behaviour and process characterises under realistic manufacturing conditions.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"31 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140974219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-174
A. J. Martínez-Donaire
Abstract. In recent years, there has been increasing societal awareness of the carbon dioxide (CO2) footprint resulting from individual actions and lifestyles. One of the research actions is focused on the development of eco-friendly alloys with more recycled scrap material in order to reduce emissions, but this can also result in greater variability of material properties. In this context, accurately characterizing the formability limits of materials is of paramount importance for optimizing manufacturing processes. Although ISO 12004-2:2008 standard is commonly used for necking detection, recent years have seen time-dependent methods yield more accurate predictions. Nevertheless, in materials exhibiting the Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) effect, such as some common lightweight alloys used in automotive and aeronautics, necking detection introduces significant challenges, and even more so when the material is subjected to severe local stretch-bending states. In this work, various necking detection techniques were employed to analyze their capabilities in a series of stretch-bending experiments over a 2.94 mm thick AA5754H11 PLC-driven material.
摘要近年来，社会对个人行为和生活方式所产生的二氧化碳（CO2）足迹的认识不断提高。研究工作的重点之一是开发使用更多回收废料的环保合金，以减少排放，但这也会导致材料性能的更大变化。在这种情况下，准确表征材料的可成形性极限对于优化制造工艺至关重要。尽管 ISO 12004-2:2008 标准通常用于缩颈检测，但近年来，随时间变化的方法已经产生了更准确的预测结果。然而，对于表现出波特文-勒夏特列（PLC）效应的材料，如汽车和航空领域使用的一些常见轻质合金，颈缩检测带来了巨大的挑战，而当材料处于严重的局部拉伸弯曲状态时，颈缩检测的挑战就更大了。在这项工作中，我们采用了各种颈缩检测技术，在对 2.94 毫米厚的 AA5754H11 PLC 驱动材料进行的一系列拉伸弯曲实验中分析了这些技术的能力。
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