Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-262
A. Formisano
Abstract. In recent years, polymer sheets have been formed by a relatively innovative technology, born for metals and in line with the layered manufacturing principle of rapid prototyping, the incremental sheet forming. This process guarantees high customization and cost-effectiveness but, at the same time, activates some peculiar defects like the twisting phenomenon. To reduce the risk of twisting and the occurrence of failures, it is preferable to reduce the forming forces and one of the solutions is the choice of opportune toolpath strategies. Concerning this, the present experimental research is along the same lines as recent numerical works of the authors; thermoplastic sheets were worked by incremental forming by varying the toolpath strategy. Following the realization of cone frusta, the forming forces and the deformation of the sheets were monitored, to investigate a toolpath strategy capable of reducing the risk of failures and defects for incrementally formed polymer sheets.
{"title":"Experimental evidence on the twisting of incrementally formed polymer sheets by varying the toolpath strategy","authors":"A. Formisano","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-262","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In recent years, polymer sheets have been formed by a relatively innovative technology, born for metals and in line with the layered manufacturing principle of rapid prototyping, the incremental sheet forming. This process guarantees high customization and cost-effectiveness but, at the same time, activates some peculiar defects like the twisting phenomenon. To reduce the risk of twisting and the occurrence of failures, it is preferable to reduce the forming forces and one of the solutions is the choice of opportune toolpath strategies. Concerning this, the present experimental research is along the same lines as recent numerical works of the authors; thermoplastic sheets were worked by incremental forming by varying the toolpath strategy. Following the realization of cone frusta, the forming forces and the deformation of the sheets were monitored, to investigate a toolpath strategy capable of reducing the risk of failures and defects for incrementally formed polymer sheets.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-193
M. Gonçalves
Abstract. The virtualization of sheet metal forming processes requires a precise numerical model with an accurate description of the material behavior that is classically obtained by carrying out quasi-homogeneous mechanical tests. However, several alternatives to this time-consuming task are under study. Heterogeneous tests can provide a large quantity of mechanical information in a single experiment and, therefore, their potential needs to be investigated. This work aims to present an advanced mechanical test designed by topology optimization under experimental investigation. A numerical design methodology is described, leading to a specimen geometry that is subjected experimentally to uniaxial tensile loading up to rupture. A dual-phase DP600 steel is used. During the test, the strain field is extracted from the specimen surface using a stereo digital image correlation system, and the richness of the mechanical information is further analyzed.
{"title":"Experimental investigation of heterogeneous mechanical tests","authors":"M. Gonçalves","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-193","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The virtualization of sheet metal forming processes requires a precise numerical model with an accurate description of the material behavior that is classically obtained by carrying out quasi-homogeneous mechanical tests. However, several alternatives to this time-consuming task are under study. Heterogeneous tests can provide a large quantity of mechanical information in a single experiment and, therefore, their potential needs to be investigated. This work aims to present an advanced mechanical test designed by topology optimization under experimental investigation. A numerical design methodology is described, leading to a specimen geometry that is subjected experimentally to uniaxial tensile loading up to rupture. A dual-phase DP600 steel is used. During the test, the strain field is extracted from the specimen surface using a stereo digital image correlation system, and the richness of the mechanical information is further analyzed.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"5 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-203
Amar Peshave
Abstract. This paper demonstrates a methodology to discriminate between the performances of different material models within the framework of Material Testing 2.0, which consists in coupling heterogeneous test configurations, full-field measurements using for instance Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and inverse identification like the Virtual Fields Method (VFM). The methodology relies on using a set of different virtual fields for parameter identification with a selected model, and to evaluate the performance of the model. The paper illustrates this methodology on anisotropic metal plasticity.
{"title":"Constitutive model validity evaluation for MT 2.0 applications","authors":"Amar Peshave","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-203","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This paper demonstrates a methodology to discriminate between the performances of different material models within the framework of Material Testing 2.0, which consists in coupling heterogeneous test configurations, full-field measurements using for instance Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and inverse identification like the Virtual Fields Method (VFM). The methodology relies on using a set of different virtual fields for parameter identification with a selected model, and to evaluate the performance of the model. The paper illustrates this methodology on anisotropic metal plasticity.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"114 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-59
Mariana DOINA BANEA
Abstract. Nowadays, in order to increase the transport efficiency and reduce fuel consumption and emissions of contaminants, a reduction in weight associated with improved safety performance of the materials in use must be achieved. On the other hand, environmental concern has generated interest in research about new materials aligned with the principles of sustainability. Thus, this need for better performing and ecological structures has resulted in the development of a new variety of materials. Among these materials, currently, are the composites produced from resources of renewable sources. Natural fiber composites have recently attracted a great deal of attention by the industry due to their many attractive benefits (e.g., high strength-to-weight ratio, sustainable characteristics and low cost). Welding is highly impractical to use in these situations (i.e., thermoset polymer composites) and rivets or screws exhibit stress concentrations and offer a low fatigue resistance. Adhesive bonding is usually the preferred method since it allows for greater flexibility in design and is more efficient in mechanical and energy aspects. In this work, recent advances in development, characterization and joining of new sustainable materials, critical challenges and future perspectives are presented. The application of sustainable green composites may further increase in many structural and non-structural applications if their joining behavior is well-known and established.
{"title":"Recent advances in development, characterization and joining of new sustainable materials","authors":"Mariana DOINA BANEA","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-59","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Nowadays, in order to increase the transport efficiency and reduce fuel consumption and emissions of contaminants, a reduction in weight associated with improved safety performance of the materials in use must be achieved. On the other hand, environmental concern has generated interest in research about new materials aligned with the principles of sustainability. Thus, this need for better performing and ecological structures has resulted in the development of a new variety of materials. Among these materials, currently, are the composites produced from resources of renewable sources. Natural fiber composites have recently attracted a great deal of attention by the industry due to their many attractive benefits (e.g., high strength-to-weight ratio, sustainable characteristics and low cost). Welding is highly impractical to use in these situations (i.e., thermoset polymer composites) and rivets or screws exhibit stress concentrations and offer a low fatigue resistance. Adhesive bonding is usually the preferred method since it allows for greater flexibility in design and is more efficient in mechanical and energy aspects. In this work, recent advances in development, characterization and joining of new sustainable materials, critical challenges and future perspectives are presented. The application of sustainable green composites may further increase in many structural and non-structural applications if their joining behavior is well-known and established.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"123 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-192
M. Sanguedolce
Abstract. Multi-material skeletal fixators appear to be a promising approach to reduce failure due to the high stiffness of standard-of-care fixators. Nevertheless, joining different materials is challenging due to their different properties. High-velocity impact welding, a solid-state welding process, involves the collision of a “flyer” (moving) part with a stationary “target” at very high speed (i.e., hundreds of meters per second). In this paper we present a preliminary experimental campaign to use laser impact welding to join NiTi and Mg alloy Mg-1.2Zn-0.5Ca-0.5Mn (wt%) sheets and the parallel development of a finite element model to allow gathering further insights into the complex phenomena involved in the process. Preliminary results show the deposition of the Mg alloy on NiTi sheets by tuning the joining process conditions and promising results of the numerical model in terms of accordance with experiments: these findings provide the basis for further process optimization, numerical model calibration and the application of a valid protocol for multi-material skeletal fixation devices.
{"title":"On the impact welding of dissimilar alloys for use in multimaterial skeletal fixation devices","authors":"M. Sanguedolce","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-192","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Multi-material skeletal fixators appear to be a promising approach to reduce failure due to the high stiffness of standard-of-care fixators. Nevertheless, joining different materials is challenging due to their different properties. High-velocity impact welding, a solid-state welding process, involves the collision of a “flyer” (moving) part with a stationary “target” at very high speed (i.e., hundreds of meters per second). In this paper we present a preliminary experimental campaign to use laser impact welding to join NiTi and Mg alloy Mg-1.2Zn-0.5Ca-0.5Mn (wt%) sheets and the parallel development of a finite element model to allow gathering further insights into the complex phenomena involved in the process. Preliminary results show the deposition of the Mg alloy on NiTi sheets by tuning the joining process conditions and promising results of the numerical model in terms of accordance with experiments: these findings provide the basis for further process optimization, numerical model calibration and the application of a valid protocol for multi-material skeletal fixation devices.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"120 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-105
Sebastian Döring
Abstract. By ball milling in a low-oxygen atmosphere, it was possible to show that titanium aluminides (TiAl) can be processed into components by pressing and sintering in the same atmosphere. The properties (e.g. hardness and density) that can be realised with established processes such as field-assisted sintering (FAST) or hot isostatic pressing (HIP) were not achieved. Pores in the component are closed by forming processes, which improves the mechanical properties. In this work, powder-metallurgically processed TiAl was hot-formed in a low-oxygen atmosphere. The forging parameters and pre-consolidation were characterised with regard to their effect on the component properties. Force, hardness and porosity measurements as well as metallographic analyses were used to evaluate the process and the resulting specimens. It was found that a pre-consolidation and a higher degree of deformation lead to a lower porosity and a higher hardness.
{"title":"Effect of different oxide layer shares on the upsetting of titanium aluminide specimens","authors":"Sebastian Döring","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-105","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. By ball milling in a low-oxygen atmosphere, it was possible to show that titanium aluminides (TiAl) can be processed into components by pressing and sintering in the same atmosphere. The properties (e.g. hardness and density) that can be realised with established processes such as field-assisted sintering (FAST) or hot isostatic pressing (HIP) were not achieved. Pores in the component are closed by forming processes, which improves the mechanical properties. In this work, powder-metallurgically processed TiAl was hot-formed in a low-oxygen atmosphere. The forging parameters and pre-consolidation were characterised with regard to their effect on the component properties. Force, hardness and porosity measurements as well as metallographic analyses were used to evaluate the process and the resulting specimens. It was found that a pre-consolidation and a higher degree of deformation lead to a lower porosity and a higher hardness.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"59 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140975305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-219
Sílvia Daniela RIBEIRO CARVALHO
Abstract. The surface texture is normally observed after the machining process, but nowadays it is important to use on-site analysis to improve the process automatically via smart processing. This study introduces a contactless roughness inspection method employing digital image processing on Ti6Al4V samples in turning using three different feed. Texture analysis with grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) extracted features that were correlated with the arithmetic average roughness (Ra), leading to the establishment of predictive models. The study encompassed diverse image testing, incorporating variations in resolution and brightness distributions. It was found that the pixel pair spacing (PPS) in GLCM analysis was influenced by the image resolution and feed rate. The predictive models developed with high-quality images, i.e., higher resolution and better brightness distribution, yielded similar results to those created using lower-quality images.
{"title":"Digital image processing algorithm for industrial on-site roughness evaluation in Ti-alloy machining","authors":"Sílvia Daniela RIBEIRO CARVALHO","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-219","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The surface texture is normally observed after the machining process, but nowadays it is important to use on-site analysis to improve the process automatically via smart processing. This study introduces a contactless roughness inspection method employing digital image processing on Ti6Al4V samples in turning using three different feed. Texture analysis with grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) extracted features that were correlated with the arithmetic average roughness (Ra), leading to the establishment of predictive models. The study encompassed diverse image testing, incorporating variations in resolution and brightness distributions. It was found that the pixel pair spacing (PPS) in GLCM analysis was influenced by the image resolution and feed rate. The predictive models developed with high-quality images, i.e., higher resolution and better brightness distribution, yielded similar results to those created using lower-quality images.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"64 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140973611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-51
Johannes Mitsch
Abstract. To predict manufacturing effects in the thermoforming process for fiber reinforced plastics the Finite Element Method is widely used. Most macroscopic simulation methods are based on conventional two-dimensional shell elements which are not capable of modeling the material behavior in thickness direction using constitutive equations. At the same time, standard three-dimensional element formulations are not suitable for the forming simulation of thin textiles due to numerical locking phenomena and the lack of a possible membrane-bending-decoupling. Previous studies focused on a specialized solid-shell element formulation which provides anisotropic but purely elastic material modeling. Since purely elastic approaches cannot accurately describe the deformation behavior in the thermoforming process, the provided element formulation is enhanced to rate-dependent viscoelastic material modeling. Numerical studies are carried out that reveal that the membrane-bending-decoupling is preserved for the viscoelastic material model. Virtual coupon tests demonstrate the rate-dependent material behavior in the solid-shell element. The obtained results show that the general approach of the viscoelastic material behavior within the solid-shell element is suitable to address out-of-plane phenomena in thermoforming simulations.
{"title":"Considering the viscoelastic material behavior in a solid-shell element for thermoforming simulation","authors":"Johannes Mitsch","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-51","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. To predict manufacturing effects in the thermoforming process for fiber reinforced plastics the Finite Element Method is widely used. Most macroscopic simulation methods are based on conventional two-dimensional shell elements which are not capable of modeling the material behavior in thickness direction using constitutive equations. At the same time, standard three-dimensional element formulations are not suitable for the forming simulation of thin textiles due to numerical locking phenomena and the lack of a possible membrane-bending-decoupling. Previous studies focused on a specialized solid-shell element formulation which provides anisotropic but purely elastic material modeling. Since purely elastic approaches cannot accurately describe the deformation behavior in the thermoforming process, the provided element formulation is enhanced to rate-dependent viscoelastic material modeling. Numerical studies are carried out that reveal that the membrane-bending-decoupling is preserved for the viscoelastic material model. Virtual coupon tests demonstrate the rate-dependent material behavior in the solid-shell element. The obtained results show that the general approach of the viscoelastic material behavior within the solid-shell element is suitable to address out-of-plane phenomena in thermoforming simulations.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"44 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140975749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-35
A. Perna
Abstract. The quality of the surface is one of the most important factors in the fabrication of a component via additive manufacturing (AM). In particular, when considering the manufacture of workpieces in titanium and its alloys the successful use of surface treatments is essential. In fact, many fracture-related events, in particular fatigue cracks, start near the surface of the component. Numerous techniques based on machining, shot peening, or laser polishing have been proposed to enhance the surface quality. The limitations of these treatments stem from the challenges posed by focusing on complex form components. One of the most promising approaches for achieving homogenous smoothing of intricate objects with internal channels and lattice structure continues to be chemical-based surface treatments. It is a pivotal method to remove material that has been polluted by oxygen during processing. In this instance, the resistance to crack initiation and fracture is fundamentally improved by the removal of a hard, brittle top layer. In this work, HF/HNO3-based treatment tailored for 3D printed design products is presented.
摘要表面质量是通过增材制造（AM）制造部件的最重要因素之一。特别是在考虑用钛及其合金制造工件时，成功使用表面处理技术至关重要。事实上，许多与断裂相关的事件，尤其是疲劳裂纹，都是从部件表面开始的。为了提高表面质量，人们提出了许多基于机械加工、喷丸强化或激光抛光的技术。这些处理方法的局限性来自于复杂形状部件所带来的挑战。对于具有内部通道和晶格结构的复杂物体，实现均匀平滑的最有前途的方法之一仍然是基于化学的表面处理。这是去除加工过程中被氧气污染的材料的关键方法。在这种情况下，通过去除坚硬、脆性表层，从根本上提高了抗裂纹产生和断裂的能力。在这项工作中，介绍了为 3D 打印设计产品量身定制的基于 HF/HNO3 的处理方法。
{"title":"Improvement of the surface quality of titanium-based design objects produced through WAAM technology using chemical machining: A preliminary study","authors":"A. Perna","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-35","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The quality of the surface is one of the most important factors in the fabrication of a component via additive manufacturing (AM). In particular, when considering the manufacture of workpieces in titanium and its alloys the successful use of surface treatments is essential. In fact, many fracture-related events, in particular fatigue cracks, start near the surface of the component. Numerous techniques based on machining, shot peening, or laser polishing have been proposed to enhance the surface quality. The limitations of these treatments stem from the challenges posed by focusing on complex form components. One of the most promising approaches for achieving homogenous smoothing of intricate objects with internal channels and lattice structure continues to be chemical-based surface treatments. It is a pivotal method to remove material that has been polluted by oxygen during processing. In this instance, the resistance to crack initiation and fracture is fundamentally improved by the removal of a hard, brittle top layer. In this work, HF/HNO3-based treatment tailored for 3D printed design products is presented.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"7 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140974431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903131-282
Sanaz Afshariantorghabeh
Abstract. This study addressed the limitations of traditional post-production analyses in refining thermoforming operation by employing non-destructive, real-time thermal analysis, specifically employing thermal imaging. The focus was on assessing the thermoformability of plastic-coated paperboards, a recent area of interest in manufacturing. Three paperboards underwent vacuum and air pressure thermoforming, with continuous temperature monitoring. Findings revealed correlations between the temperature distributions, the thermal profiles, and the material shape formability. Direct analysis of the thermal images enabled accurate measurement of contact areas between the mold and material. Furthermore, temperature profiles were closely related to shape profiles, particularly concerning the depth, which might be due to exothermic response of the studied materials during the induced stretching process.
{"title":"Utilizing thermal imaging for non-destructive thermoformability assessment in vacuum-air pressure thermoforming of plastic-coated paperboards","authors":"Sanaz Afshariantorghabeh","doi":"10.21741/9781644903131-282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-282","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This study addressed the limitations of traditional post-production analyses in refining thermoforming operation by employing non-destructive, real-time thermal analysis, specifically employing thermal imaging. The focus was on assessing the thermoformability of plastic-coated paperboards, a recent area of interest in manufacturing. Three paperboards underwent vacuum and air pressure thermoforming, with continuous temperature monitoring. Findings revealed correlations between the temperature distributions, the thermal profiles, and the material shape formability. Direct analysis of the thermal images enabled accurate measurement of contact areas between the mold and material. Furthermore, temperature profiles were closely related to shape profiles, particularly concerning the depth, which might be due to exothermic response of the studied materials during the induced stretching process.","PeriodicalId":515987,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Proceedings","volume":"58 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140975060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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