Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.1177/00207152231183615
M. Bahna, Paula Ivanková
Perceptions of social structure typically only change gradually and their connection to economic development seems to be indirect at best. Times of rapid socioeconomic transformations such as the transition of state-socialist economies to market economy or the disintegration of a common state might witness more notable changes. Using data from four rounds of the ISSP Social Inequality module, we model how people see their position and the structure of their society on the example of the two ex-Czechoslovak countries. Both post-communist societies share the beginning of the transition to a free market economy in 1989 but are divided by starkly contrasting impacts of the transition on their labor market. We show that views on social structure in the ex-Czechoslovak countries diverge over time with Slovaks more frequently describing their society as highly unequal and seeing their position as lower in the social structure. We find support for the assumption that experiences with unemployment lower subjective social position and can be used to explain lower positioning of respondents in the Slovak sample. With regard to views on social structure, we find no clear connection to unemployment experiences. The chronically high unemployment levels in Slovakia therefore do not explain the higher tendency of Slovaks to see their society as highly polarized. Contrary to subjective social position, views on the overall social structure are most likely shaped by factors beyond immediate personal experience with economic insecurity.
{"title":"Explaining diverging views on social structure in ex-Czechoslovakia: Does unemployment experience make subjective perceptions more pessimistic?","authors":"M. Bahna, Paula Ivanková","doi":"10.1177/00207152231183615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152231183615","url":null,"abstract":"Perceptions of social structure typically only change gradually and their connection to economic development seems to be indirect at best. Times of rapid socioeconomic transformations such as the transition of state-socialist economies to market economy or the disintegration of a common state might witness more notable changes. Using data from four rounds of the ISSP Social Inequality module, we model how people see their position and the structure of their society on the example of the two ex-Czechoslovak countries. Both post-communist societies share the beginning of the transition to a free market economy in 1989 but are divided by starkly contrasting impacts of the transition on their labor market. We show that views on social structure in the ex-Czechoslovak countries diverge over time with Slovaks more frequently describing their society as highly unequal and seeing their position as lower in the social structure. We find support for the assumption that experiences with unemployment lower subjective social position and can be used to explain lower positioning of respondents in the Slovak sample. With regard to views on social structure, we find no clear connection to unemployment experiences. The chronically high unemployment levels in Slovakia therefore do not explain the higher tendency of Slovaks to see their society as highly polarized. Contrary to subjective social position, views on the overall social structure are most likely shaped by factors beyond immediate personal experience with economic insecurity.","PeriodicalId":51601,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Comparative Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42381300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1177/00207152231184093
Joshua D. Hendrick
well limitations and future challenges for World-System Analysis. Among others, it should be mentioned, World Systems needs to integrate race, gender, and sexuality—the former advanced, the latter two almost null—while explaining the formation and reproduction of historical capitalism. Second, the macro bias of World Systems would benefit by providing a greater focus at the microlevel—objects and people—dynamics in the embedded systemic relations and the global chains of production (and power). And third, World Systems should push the dialogue—rather than the essentialist separation and romanticization and/or demonization—of the critical traditions of modernity with emerging subaltern knowledge (Western and non-Western), while approaching to them as contradictory, limited, and mutually constituted intellectual constellations.
{"title":"Book review: Joachim J. Savelsberg, Knowing about Genocide: Armenian Suffering and Epistemic Struggles","authors":"Joshua D. Hendrick","doi":"10.1177/00207152231184093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152231184093","url":null,"abstract":"well limitations and future challenges for World-System Analysis. Among others, it should be mentioned, World Systems needs to integrate race, gender, and sexuality—the former advanced, the latter two almost null—while explaining the formation and reproduction of historical capitalism. Second, the macro bias of World Systems would benefit by providing a greater focus at the microlevel—objects and people—dynamics in the embedded systemic relations and the global chains of production (and power). And third, World Systems should push the dialogue—rather than the essentialist separation and romanticization and/or demonization—of the critical traditions of modernity with emerging subaltern knowledge (Western and non-Western), while approaching to them as contradictory, limited, and mutually constituted intellectual constellations.","PeriodicalId":51601,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Comparative Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47341546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1177/00207152231184080
K. M. Byrd
Recent media attention ranging from documentaries and popular cooking competitions as well as the evolving diversity within the James Beard awards have highlighted the role of soul food, African American culinary history and traditions, and the need to preserve and uplift this knowledge for future generations. Even the newly created cooking competitions such as Soul Food that features a cast of all Black chefs and judges (the first of its kind) underscores the uniqueness and historical importance of soul food in modern foodways. Yet soul food remains a heavily critiqued scapegoat, blamed for the health ills of poor Black Southerners who are seen as unable or unwilling to leave these traditions in the past in favor of healthy food that fits in modern society. Getting Something to Eat in Jackson challenges such perspectives, and many others, by clarifying what role traditional foodways play for African Americans across class boundaries who call Jackson, Mississippi home. Ewoodzie presents four distinct class-based experiences of African American men and women around food in Jackson, Mississippi. The first one focuses on the experiences of homeless men who are forced to structure their days around the hours of local soup kitchens and homeless shelters. These men are afforded little agency around what foods appear on their plate, and the process of obtaining food whether at soup kitchens or shelters is highly structured and surveilled with harsh penalties of expulsion for those who do not conform to the rules or are perceived as causing problems. The second one focuses on the food choices of a poor Black female headed family who balance job hunting, housing, and food insecurity, with the need to feed themselves in this constantly constraining environment. In this context, the need to provide food for the family is not a singular issue of what to eat or when, instead it is the complex relationship between transportation, day care, housing, and employment all of which coalesce to make hunger and food scarcity a part of daily life for this family and its young children. Although soul food is a distinct memory within this class category, the daily reality is far removed for these children whose mothers and grandparents remember soul food as part of their foodways growing up. The third one shifts to a Black middle-class family who works together at the barbecue restaurant they own. For this family, food is an ever-present aspect of daily life as they attempt and ultimately fail to make their restaurant profitable. While at home, the teenage daughter shoulders most of the responsibility for preparing dinner and continues to educate herself on the food industry and what it means to develop a food consciousness in the modern South. It is also within this class context that we see the constraints of racial segregation that place healthy foods in upper class almost exclusively White neighborhoods, and leave restaurants and consumers in less 1184080 COS0010.117
{"title":"Book review: Joseph C. Ewoodzie Jr, Getting Something to Eat in Jackson: Race, Class, and Food in the American South","authors":"K. M. Byrd","doi":"10.1177/00207152231184080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152231184080","url":null,"abstract":"Recent media attention ranging from documentaries and popular cooking competitions as well as the evolving diversity within the James Beard awards have highlighted the role of soul food, African American culinary history and traditions, and the need to preserve and uplift this knowledge for future generations. Even the newly created cooking competitions such as Soul Food that features a cast of all Black chefs and judges (the first of its kind) underscores the uniqueness and historical importance of soul food in modern foodways. Yet soul food remains a heavily critiqued scapegoat, blamed for the health ills of poor Black Southerners who are seen as unable or unwilling to leave these traditions in the past in favor of healthy food that fits in modern society. Getting Something to Eat in Jackson challenges such perspectives, and many others, by clarifying what role traditional foodways play for African Americans across class boundaries who call Jackson, Mississippi home. Ewoodzie presents four distinct class-based experiences of African American men and women around food in Jackson, Mississippi. The first one focuses on the experiences of homeless men who are forced to structure their days around the hours of local soup kitchens and homeless shelters. These men are afforded little agency around what foods appear on their plate, and the process of obtaining food whether at soup kitchens or shelters is highly structured and surveilled with harsh penalties of expulsion for those who do not conform to the rules or are perceived as causing problems. The second one focuses on the food choices of a poor Black female headed family who balance job hunting, housing, and food insecurity, with the need to feed themselves in this constantly constraining environment. In this context, the need to provide food for the family is not a singular issue of what to eat or when, instead it is the complex relationship between transportation, day care, housing, and employment all of which coalesce to make hunger and food scarcity a part of daily life for this family and its young children. Although soul food is a distinct memory within this class category, the daily reality is far removed for these children whose mothers and grandparents remember soul food as part of their foodways growing up. The third one shifts to a Black middle-class family who works together at the barbecue restaurant they own. For this family, food is an ever-present aspect of daily life as they attempt and ultimately fail to make their restaurant profitable. While at home, the teenage daughter shoulders most of the responsibility for preparing dinner and continues to educate herself on the food industry and what it means to develop a food consciousness in the modern South. It is also within this class context that we see the constraints of racial segregation that place healthy foods in upper class almost exclusively White neighborhoods, and leave restaurants and consumers in less 1184080 COS0010.117","PeriodicalId":51601,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Comparative Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44095739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.1177/00207152231184082
L. Márquez
economically advantaged neighborhoods to struggle both financially as business owners and with the constraints of seeking healthy food that is only accessible by car and extensive drives to a different side of the city. The fourth set of experiences focuses on a group of upper-class Black business women and men who have the disposable income to seek out fine dining restaurants, but are not always welcomed in these elite dining environments regardless of their income. Within this group, hunger because of money scarcity is not an issue, but hunger still arises in the context of time scarcity as work schedules are a dominant force that limits the time for food during the day. It is within this context that the modern Southern restaurant offers traditional soul food dishes sourced from local farms and presented as fine dining cuisine. Although all four of these class groupings have distinct experiences around food, one of the main questions underpinning the book is the role of soul food in the modern South. Soul food is labeled as the source of poor health among present day African Americans. Historical food habits continue to shape understandings of what foods are good and bad, desirable or not. It is in this context that soul food is viewed as a historical touchstone for African Americans and also a present day plague on overall health and wellness. Yet, as Ewoodzie argues, this is an oversimplified, if not completely erroneous view of the foodways and decision-making process of modern day African Americans across class lines in Jackson, Mississippi. While it is true that historically soul foods were a staple of Southern foodways, the South is not, nor has it ever been a static or homogeneous entity. The modern South, the one inhabited by the men and women who stories are highlighted in this book, is not the same South characterized by home gardens and canning traditions, although for some families those habits still exist, the reality is more structured by affordability and convenience reflecting contemporary poverty. Not simply meaning starvation, hunger is joined by the quick and affordable promise of empty calorie foods, that while satisfying hunger can lead to other health crisis such as obesity, diabetes, and high blood pressure. The reality of soul food in the modern South is that even when families have the historical memory of these foods, they are hindered in recreating these food traditions in their daily lives, and subsequent generations are even further removed from these soul food traditions. A more nuanced understanding of the constraining factors that surround daily food decisions from transportation and child care, to affordability and a developing food consciousness in a society that does not equally distribute healthy food is needed to understand what it means to create foodways in a society that remains structured by race and class, albeit in ways that are not static. Without considering such nuances of culture, structure, and a
{"title":"Book review: Eric Mielants and Katsiaryna Salavei Bardos (eds), Economic Cycles and Social Movements: Past, Present and Future","authors":"L. Márquez","doi":"10.1177/00207152231184082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152231184082","url":null,"abstract":"economically advantaged neighborhoods to struggle both financially as business owners and with the constraints of seeking healthy food that is only accessible by car and extensive drives to a different side of the city. The fourth set of experiences focuses on a group of upper-class Black business women and men who have the disposable income to seek out fine dining restaurants, but are not always welcomed in these elite dining environments regardless of their income. Within this group, hunger because of money scarcity is not an issue, but hunger still arises in the context of time scarcity as work schedules are a dominant force that limits the time for food during the day. It is within this context that the modern Southern restaurant offers traditional soul food dishes sourced from local farms and presented as fine dining cuisine. Although all four of these class groupings have distinct experiences around food, one of the main questions underpinning the book is the role of soul food in the modern South. Soul food is labeled as the source of poor health among present day African Americans. Historical food habits continue to shape understandings of what foods are good and bad, desirable or not. It is in this context that soul food is viewed as a historical touchstone for African Americans and also a present day plague on overall health and wellness. Yet, as Ewoodzie argues, this is an oversimplified, if not completely erroneous view of the foodways and decision-making process of modern day African Americans across class lines in Jackson, Mississippi. While it is true that historically soul foods were a staple of Southern foodways, the South is not, nor has it ever been a static or homogeneous entity. The modern South, the one inhabited by the men and women who stories are highlighted in this book, is not the same South characterized by home gardens and canning traditions, although for some families those habits still exist, the reality is more structured by affordability and convenience reflecting contemporary poverty. Not simply meaning starvation, hunger is joined by the quick and affordable promise of empty calorie foods, that while satisfying hunger can lead to other health crisis such as obesity, diabetes, and high blood pressure. The reality of soul food in the modern South is that even when families have the historical memory of these foods, they are hindered in recreating these food traditions in their daily lives, and subsequent generations are even further removed from these soul food traditions. A more nuanced understanding of the constraining factors that surround daily food decisions from transportation and child care, to affordability and a developing food consciousness in a society that does not equally distribute healthy food is needed to understand what it means to create foodways in a society that remains structured by race and class, albeit in ways that are not static. Without considering such nuances of culture, structure, and a","PeriodicalId":51601,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Comparative Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46322079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.1177/00207152231184104
Phillip Kretedemas
{"title":"Book review: Lucy Mablin and Joe TurnerPolity Press, Migration Studies and Colonialism","authors":"Phillip Kretedemas","doi":"10.1177/00207152231184104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152231184104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51601,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Comparative Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44571419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.1177/00207152231184094
R. Leidner
The strengths of this study include its effective employment of symbolic interactionist theory to explain how knowledge exists under contest and how facts contribute little to the production and reproduction of collective memory. If this book has any faults, it is in Savelsberg’s treatment of Turkish political and social history, which is sparsely developed at best. Considering the topic, the book also fails to address the processes and machinations of nations and nationalism in the modern era, or any real comparison to other murderous ethnic cleansing events in modern history. Indeed, a chapter or two comparing different carrier groups of collective memory in different genocidal contexts (e.g. Bosnia, Rwanda, Darfur, etc.) would achieve much to strengthen the author’s central argument. Notwithstanding, this is an excellent study that should be of interest to cultural and political sociologists alike and would be useful in both upper division undergraduate courses and graduate courses focusing on the sociology of memory, war and conflict, and the sociology of knowledge.
{"title":"Book review: Eli Revelle Yano Wilson, Front of the House, Back of the House: Race and Inequality in the Lives of Restaurant Workers","authors":"R. Leidner","doi":"10.1177/00207152231184094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152231184094","url":null,"abstract":"The strengths of this study include its effective employment of symbolic interactionist theory to explain how knowledge exists under contest and how facts contribute little to the production and reproduction of collective memory. If this book has any faults, it is in Savelsberg’s treatment of Turkish political and social history, which is sparsely developed at best. Considering the topic, the book also fails to address the processes and machinations of nations and nationalism in the modern era, or any real comparison to other murderous ethnic cleansing events in modern history. Indeed, a chapter or two comparing different carrier groups of collective memory in different genocidal contexts (e.g. Bosnia, Rwanda, Darfur, etc.) would achieve much to strengthen the author’s central argument. Notwithstanding, this is an excellent study that should be of interest to cultural and political sociologists alike and would be useful in both upper division undergraduate courses and graduate courses focusing on the sociology of memory, war and conflict, and the sociology of knowledge.","PeriodicalId":51601,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Comparative Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44866903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.1177/00207152231177622
Marie-Sophie Callens, B. Meuleman
This article examines how nationalism, together with group conflict factors (namely, immigrant group size and economic conditions), affects ethnic threat perceptions over a period of almost 20 years across European and non-European countries. For this purpose, we analyze three rounds (1995, 2003, and 2013) of the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) National Identity Module using societal growth curve models. Our findings contribute to the ongoing discussion on the contextual drivers and dynamics of threat perceptions in various ways. First, our models show that nationalism is a highly relevant factor in explaining cultural as well as economic threats. However, nationalist attitudes operate purely at the individual level, as no effect of the group-level aggregate of nationalism is found. Second, the growth curve models make it possible to disentangle longitudinal effects (describing how threat perceptions evolve within countries) from cross-sectional patterns (describing the stable differences between countries). The longitudinal effects of group conflict variables deviate from the cross-sectional effects and are mostly insignificant. Given that these longitudinal effects are the litmus test for a causal interpretation, we must conclude that we find little to no evidence for the dynamic claims of group conflict theory. Finally, we detect an interaction between nationalism and labor market conditions: The impact of unemployment rates on threat perceptions is found to be contingent on the nationalist attitudes of individuals.
{"title":"Can nationalism and group conflict explain cultural and economic threat perceptions? Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from the ISSP (1995–2013)","authors":"Marie-Sophie Callens, B. Meuleman","doi":"10.1177/00207152231177622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152231177622","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines how nationalism, together with group conflict factors (namely, immigrant group size and economic conditions), affects ethnic threat perceptions over a period of almost 20 years across European and non-European countries. For this purpose, we analyze three rounds (1995, 2003, and 2013) of the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) National Identity Module using societal growth curve models. Our findings contribute to the ongoing discussion on the contextual drivers and dynamics of threat perceptions in various ways. First, our models show that nationalism is a highly relevant factor in explaining cultural as well as economic threats. However, nationalist attitudes operate purely at the individual level, as no effect of the group-level aggregate of nationalism is found. Second, the growth curve models make it possible to disentangle longitudinal effects (describing how threat perceptions evolve within countries) from cross-sectional patterns (describing the stable differences between countries). The longitudinal effects of group conflict variables deviate from the cross-sectional effects and are mostly insignificant. Given that these longitudinal effects are the litmus test for a causal interpretation, we must conclude that we find little to no evidence for the dynamic claims of group conflict theory. Finally, we detect an interaction between nationalism and labor market conditions: The impact of unemployment rates on threat perceptions is found to be contingent on the nationalist attitudes of individuals.","PeriodicalId":51601,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Comparative Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49424985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-13DOI: 10.1177/00207152231176422
Shin Arita, Kikuko Nagayoshi, H. Taki, H. Kanbayashi, Hirohisa Takenoshita, Takashi Yoshida
This study explores functions of labor market institutions in perpetuating earnings gap between different categories of workers with focusing on people’s views of earnings gap between regular and non-regular workers in Japan, South Korea, and the United States. An original cross-national factorial survey was conducted to measure the extent to which respondents admit earnings gap among workers with different characteristics. We found that Japanese and South Korean respondents tended to justify the earnings gap between regular and non-regular workers. In Japan, non-regular-worker respondents accepted the wide earnings gap against their economic interests, which was explained by assumed difference in responsibilities and on-the-job training opportunities. Specific institutional arrangements contribute to legitimating earnings gap between different categories of workers by attaching status value to the categories.
{"title":"Legitimation of earnings inequality between regular and non-regular workers: A comparison of Japan, South Korea, and the United States","authors":"Shin Arita, Kikuko Nagayoshi, H. Taki, H. Kanbayashi, Hirohisa Takenoshita, Takashi Yoshida","doi":"10.1177/00207152231176422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152231176422","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores functions of labor market institutions in perpetuating earnings gap between different categories of workers with focusing on people’s views of earnings gap between regular and non-regular workers in Japan, South Korea, and the United States. An original cross-national factorial survey was conducted to measure the extent to which respondents admit earnings gap among workers with different characteristics. We found that Japanese and South Korean respondents tended to justify the earnings gap between regular and non-regular workers. In Japan, non-regular-worker respondents accepted the wide earnings gap against their economic interests, which was explained by assumed difference in responsibilities and on-the-job training opportunities. Specific institutional arrangements contribute to legitimating earnings gap between different categories of workers by attaching status value to the categories.","PeriodicalId":51601,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Comparative Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47478326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-12DOI: 10.1177/00207152231171159
Brittany E. Hayes, Gillian M. Pinchevsky
This study analyzes World Values Survey data ( individual N = 63,307; country N = 53) to examine individual and national factors that shape attitudinal support toward men’s physical violence against their wives. We assess how the national context conditions direct individual-level effects. Greater national support toward this form of intimate partner violence exerts a positive effect on individuals’ supportive intimate partner violence attitudes. Cultural orientations affect supportive intimate partner violence attitudes, but the direction depends on whether they are measured at the individual (negative effect) or national level (positive effect). Cross-level interactions reveal that national context moderates individual-level effects between cultural orientation and egalitarian gender attitudes with intimate partner violence supportive attitudes.
{"title":"An international examination of the role of normative and cultural contexts on attitudinal support for intimate partner violence against wives","authors":"Brittany E. Hayes, Gillian M. Pinchevsky","doi":"10.1177/00207152231171159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152231171159","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzes World Values Survey data ( individual N = 63,307; country N = 53) to examine individual and national factors that shape attitudinal support toward men’s physical violence against their wives. We assess how the national context conditions direct individual-level effects. Greater national support toward this form of intimate partner violence exerts a positive effect on individuals’ supportive intimate partner violence attitudes. Cultural orientations affect supportive intimate partner violence attitudes, but the direction depends on whether they are measured at the individual (negative effect) or national level (positive effect). Cross-level interactions reveal that national context moderates individual-level effects between cultural orientation and egalitarian gender attitudes with intimate partner violence supportive attitudes.","PeriodicalId":51601,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Comparative Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48479679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.1177/00207152231177238
Leandros Kavadias, B. Spruyt, T. Kuppens
The thesis that schooling inevitably leads to secularization continues to be debated. Indeed, while education has become a central and authoritative institution across the world, religiosity seems to persist. An alternative hypothesis proposes that recognizing the cultural aspects of the growth of “schooled societies” may reveal unexpected compatibilities between education and religiosity. However, research that both empirically integrates these aspects and examines their relationship with religiosity from a global perspective remains scarce. Against this background, this article first constructs a macro-level indicator that taps into cross-national variation in the different dimensions of “schooled societies.” Subsequently, we examine its relationship with the subjective importance of religion in people’s lives and individual-level educational differences in religiosity. Results based on data from 94,011 respondents across 76 countries show that in societies that are more “schooled,” people generally tend to be less religious. Moreover, the development of a schooled society moderates the relationship between educational attainment and religiosity. In societies that show more characteristics of a schooled society, especially less educated people are likely to remain religious. Finally, we found that our new indicator for the schooled society explained more variance than other, less fine-grained indicators of this concept. This illustrates the added value of a more comprehensive indicator for the role of schooling as an institution. In the conclusion, we use our findings to outline a research agenda.
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