Pub Date : 2023-02-10DOI: 10.1177/00207152231151390
Steffen Schindler, Eyal Bar-Haim, C. Barone, Jesper Fels Birkelund, V. Boliver, Queralt Capsada-Munsech, Jani Erola, Marta Facchini, Yariv Feniger, Laura Heiskala, Estelle Herbaut, M. Ichou, K. Karlson, Corinna Kleinert, David Reimer, Claudia Traini, M. Triventi, Louis-André Vallet
In this country-comparative study, we ask to what extent differentiation in secondary education accounts for the association between social origins and social destinations in adult age. We go beyond the widely applied formal definitions of educational tracking and particularly pay attention to country-specific approaches to educational differentiation. Our main expectation is that once we factor in these particularities, the degree to which educational differentiation accounts for social reproduction is quite similar across countries. Our analyses are based on national individual-level life-course data from six European countries that span from secondary education to occupational maturity. Our findings show that educational differentiation mediates the association between social origins and social destinations to a substantial degree in all countries. However, we still find some differences between countries in the extent to which educational differentiation accounts for social reproduction.
{"title":"Educational tracking and social inequalities in long-term labor market outcomes: Six countries in comparison","authors":"Steffen Schindler, Eyal Bar-Haim, C. Barone, Jesper Fels Birkelund, V. Boliver, Queralt Capsada-Munsech, Jani Erola, Marta Facchini, Yariv Feniger, Laura Heiskala, Estelle Herbaut, M. Ichou, K. Karlson, Corinna Kleinert, David Reimer, Claudia Traini, M. Triventi, Louis-André Vallet","doi":"10.1177/00207152231151390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152231151390","url":null,"abstract":"In this country-comparative study, we ask to what extent differentiation in secondary education accounts for the association between social origins and social destinations in adult age. We go beyond the widely applied formal definitions of educational tracking and particularly pay attention to country-specific approaches to educational differentiation. Our main expectation is that once we factor in these particularities, the degree to which educational differentiation accounts for social reproduction is quite similar across countries. Our analyses are based on national individual-level life-course data from six European countries that span from secondary education to occupational maturity. Our findings show that educational differentiation mediates the association between social origins and social destinations to a substantial degree in all countries. However, we still find some differences between countries in the extent to which educational differentiation accounts for social reproduction.","PeriodicalId":51601,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Comparative Sociology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44357774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-03DOI: 10.1177/00207152221148654
C. Payne
How did workers affect—and how were they affected by—the dramatic transformations of U.S. war-making that have occurred since the mid-twentieth century? Where do such transformations leave workers and war in the twenty-first century? Using newly compiled data on workers’ strikes in the U.S. armaments industries from World War II through the present, this paper examines the relationship between labor and military-industrial restructuring. The paper introduces the concept of regimes of war-making and makes three main arguments. First, workers’ power was a significant force shaping the shift from a regime of mass mobilization war-making to a regime of neoliberal war-making, as armaments firms aimed to overcome the constraints imposed by workers in the mid-twentieth century. Wartime mobilizations—for Korea and Vietnam—temporarily stymied these efforts by enhancing the disruptive power of workers, who leveraged that power into pauses or reversals of firms’ initial attempts at restructuring. Second, U.S. defeat in Vietnam was a watershed moment. Mass mobilization was abandoned, and the changing nature of war meant that subsequent military buildups offered workers little leverage with which to resist restructuring. Third, in the twenty-first century, the combination of greatly expanded wars and decades of restructuring has resulted in a bifurcation among armaments workers, between those producing supplies needed for pressing counterinsurgency operations and those producing other innovative, but unused, systems. Thus, while the regime of neoliberal war-making has reduced the size and strength of armaments workers in general, some still have significant disruptive potential at the present juncture.
{"title":"From mass mobilization to neoliberal war-making: Labor strikes and military-industrial transformation in the United States","authors":"C. Payne","doi":"10.1177/00207152221148654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152221148654","url":null,"abstract":"How did workers affect—and how were they affected by—the dramatic transformations of U.S. war-making that have occurred since the mid-twentieth century? Where do such transformations leave workers and war in the twenty-first century? Using newly compiled data on workers’ strikes in the U.S. armaments industries from World War II through the present, this paper examines the relationship between labor and military-industrial restructuring. The paper introduces the concept of regimes of war-making and makes three main arguments. First, workers’ power was a significant force shaping the shift from a regime of mass mobilization war-making to a regime of neoliberal war-making, as armaments firms aimed to overcome the constraints imposed by workers in the mid-twentieth century. Wartime mobilizations—for Korea and Vietnam—temporarily stymied these efforts by enhancing the disruptive power of workers, who leveraged that power into pauses or reversals of firms’ initial attempts at restructuring. Second, U.S. defeat in Vietnam was a watershed moment. Mass mobilization was abandoned, and the changing nature of war meant that subsequent military buildups offered workers little leverage with which to resist restructuring. Third, in the twenty-first century, the combination of greatly expanded wars and decades of restructuring has resulted in a bifurcation among armaments workers, between those producing supplies needed for pressing counterinsurgency operations and those producing other innovative, but unused, systems. Thus, while the regime of neoliberal war-making has reduced the size and strength of armaments workers in general, some still have significant disruptive potential at the present juncture.","PeriodicalId":51601,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Comparative Sociology","volume":"64 1","pages":"481 - 508"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44406099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1177/00207152231153250
Intan Suwandi
Artigas JP, Monsálvez AD and Valdés UM (2020) Scholarship on the popular unity in Chile since 2000: Are historians lagging behind? Radical Americas 6(1): 1–19. Fernández M (2016) Book Review: La “vía chilena” al socialismo (1970–1973). Un itinerario geohistórico de la Unidad Popular en el sistema-mundo. International Journal of Comparative Sociology 57(4): 259–262. Garrido SL (2015) La “vía chilena” al socialismo (1970–1973). Un itinerario geohistórico de la Unidad Popular en el sistema-mundo. Santiago de Chile: Ediciones Universidad Alberto Hurtado. Gaudichaud F (2016) Chile 1970–1973. Mil días que estremecieron el mundo: Poder popular, cordones industriales y socialismo durante el gobierno de Salvador Allende. Santiago de Chile: Lom Ediciones. Rinke S (2020) Das Ende der Demokratie in Chile 1973. In: Nonn C (ed.) Wie Demokratien enden: Von Athen bis zum Putins Russlands. Leiden: Brill, pp. 257–281.
Artigas JP、Monsálvez AD和Valdesum（2020年）自2000年以来智利人民团结奖学金：历史学家落后了吗？激进的美洲6（1）：1-19。费尔南德斯M（2016年）书评：社会主义的“智利之路”（1970-1973年）。世界体系中民众团结的地缘历史路线。国际比较社会学杂志57（4）：259-262。Garrido SL（2015）社会主义的“智利之路”（1970-1973）。世界体系中民众团结的地缘历史路线。智利圣地亚哥：阿尔贝托·乌尔塔多大学版。高迪肖F（2016年）智利1970-1973年。震惊世界的一千天：萨尔瓦多·阿连德政府执政期间的人民权力、工业封锁和社会主义。智利圣地亚哥：LOM版本。Rinke S（2020）Das Ende der Demokratie in Chile 1973。In:Nonn C（编辑）。Wie Demokratien Enden:Von Athen Bis Zum Putins Russlands。莱登：布里尔，第257-281页。
{"title":"Book review: Combatting Modern Slavery: Why Labour Governance Is Failing and What We Can Do about It","authors":"Intan Suwandi","doi":"10.1177/00207152231153250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152231153250","url":null,"abstract":"Artigas JP, Monsálvez AD and Valdés UM (2020) Scholarship on the popular unity in Chile since 2000: Are historians lagging behind? Radical Americas 6(1): 1–19. Fernández M (2016) Book Review: La “vía chilena” al socialismo (1970–1973). Un itinerario geohistórico de la Unidad Popular en el sistema-mundo. International Journal of Comparative Sociology 57(4): 259–262. Garrido SL (2015) La “vía chilena” al socialismo (1970–1973). Un itinerario geohistórico de la Unidad Popular en el sistema-mundo. Santiago de Chile: Ediciones Universidad Alberto Hurtado. Gaudichaud F (2016) Chile 1970–1973. Mil días que estremecieron el mundo: Poder popular, cordones industriales y socialismo durante el gobierno de Salvador Allende. Santiago de Chile: Lom Ediciones. Rinke S (2020) Das Ende der Demokratie in Chile 1973. In: Nonn C (ed.) Wie Demokratien enden: Von Athen bis zum Putins Russlands. Leiden: Brill, pp. 257–281.","PeriodicalId":51601,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Comparative Sociology","volume":"64 1","pages":"110 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47230241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1177/00207152231153242
Christopher Bonastia
{"title":"Book review: After Redlining: The Urban Reinvestment Movement in the Era of Financial Deregulation","authors":"Christopher Bonastia","doi":"10.1177/00207152231153242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152231153242","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51601,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Comparative Sociology","volume":"64 1","pages":"102 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49114586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1177/00207152231153243
Luis Alfredo Garrido Soto
of ignorance. Indeed, that scholarship’s themes and sensibilities are evident throughout CWB. The book is not only comparative in mood but goes beyond comparison per se to frame a tableau in which nation-states help constitute, but do not themselves determine, the space of interaction. In design and theory, CWB thus defies the “methodological nationalism” that still hounds sociology and is among its most durable sources of disciplinary ignorance. To be sure, Harrington’s subject matter itself calls for such a de-centering. Still, by adopting (in practice, if not in name) the “flat ontology” touted by some geographers, Harrington puts nation-states, markets, families, and professions on the same analytical plane. This renders visible all manner of interaction among these social forms that might otherwise stay obscured by our tired “matryoshka doll” imaginary, in which nation-states are thought to “contain,” in nested sequence, these “smaller scale” actors. Harrington’s book is a spur to the imagination, prompting readers to wonder what other insights, in their own research, might also be rescued from disciplinary ignorance by following her lead. More concretely, CWB is a study of ignorance. Rather than treat states and professions as presumptive knowledge-producers, Harrington shows how wealth managers exploit, and embellish, structural affordances in the international state system to produce ignorance for clients’ benefit. She thus unmasks their ignorance-making as a dynamic social force that leaves vexing absences in its wake, notably, addled indifference where we might instead see opposition to a growing class of transnational arbitrageurs. Along the way, CWB beautifully braids three strains of ignorance scholarship. First and second, it demonstrates that ignorance can result both from the “strategic” efforts of elite actors (e.g. McGoey, 2012, 2019) and as an unintended product of complex social systems (e.g. Frickel, 2014; Suryanarayanan and Kleinman, 2016). Third, in tracking how wealth managers occlude the sources, size, and composition of clients’ riches, Harrington taps an older lineage (Simmel, 1906) that posits an inherent link between the money form, secrecy, and the corrosion of accountability. Students of political-economy, scholars of professions and expertise, and sociologists of law, especially those of a comparative bent, to name a few, will find much to inspire them, methodologically and thematically.
{"title":"Book review: La “vía chilena” al socialismo (1970–1973): un itinerario geohistórico de la Unidad Popular en el sistema-mundo","authors":"Luis Alfredo Garrido Soto","doi":"10.1177/00207152231153243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152231153243","url":null,"abstract":"of ignorance. Indeed, that scholarship’s themes and sensibilities are evident throughout CWB. The book is not only comparative in mood but goes beyond comparison per se to frame a tableau in which nation-states help constitute, but do not themselves determine, the space of interaction. In design and theory, CWB thus defies the “methodological nationalism” that still hounds sociology and is among its most durable sources of disciplinary ignorance. To be sure, Harrington’s subject matter itself calls for such a de-centering. Still, by adopting (in practice, if not in name) the “flat ontology” touted by some geographers, Harrington puts nation-states, markets, families, and professions on the same analytical plane. This renders visible all manner of interaction among these social forms that might otherwise stay obscured by our tired “matryoshka doll” imaginary, in which nation-states are thought to “contain,” in nested sequence, these “smaller scale” actors. Harrington’s book is a spur to the imagination, prompting readers to wonder what other insights, in their own research, might also be rescued from disciplinary ignorance by following her lead. More concretely, CWB is a study of ignorance. Rather than treat states and professions as presumptive knowledge-producers, Harrington shows how wealth managers exploit, and embellish, structural affordances in the international state system to produce ignorance for clients’ benefit. She thus unmasks their ignorance-making as a dynamic social force that leaves vexing absences in its wake, notably, addled indifference where we might instead see opposition to a growing class of transnational arbitrageurs. Along the way, CWB beautifully braids three strains of ignorance scholarship. First and second, it demonstrates that ignorance can result both from the “strategic” efforts of elite actors (e.g. McGoey, 2012, 2019) and as an unintended product of complex social systems (e.g. Frickel, 2014; Suryanarayanan and Kleinman, 2016). Third, in tracking how wealth managers occlude the sources, size, and composition of clients’ riches, Harrington taps an older lineage (Simmel, 1906) that posits an inherent link between the money form, secrecy, and the corrosion of accountability. Students of political-economy, scholars of professions and expertise, and sociologists of law, especially those of a comparative bent, to name a few, will find much to inspire them, methodologically and thematically.","PeriodicalId":51601,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Comparative Sociology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136361680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1177/00207152231153238
R. Advani
fiscal policy. While the density of the policies, programs, and private-sector practices she addresses can be overwhelming at times, Marchiel adeptly sharpens our understandings of these highly consequential but often under-the-radar policy areas. In some instances, I would have welcomed more detailed descriptions of how this policy landscape impacted individual lives, as in KeeangaYamahtta Taylor’s Race for Profit. Nevertheless, After Redlining is an impressive and worthwhile debut from a scholar we will be hearing more from in the years ahead.
{"title":"Book review: Anticolonial Afterlives in Egypt: The Politics of Hegemony","authors":"R. Advani","doi":"10.1177/00207152231153238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152231153238","url":null,"abstract":"fiscal policy. While the density of the policies, programs, and private-sector practices she addresses can be overwhelming at times, Marchiel adeptly sharpens our understandings of these highly consequential but often under-the-radar policy areas. In some instances, I would have welcomed more detailed descriptions of how this policy landscape impacted individual lives, as in KeeangaYamahtta Taylor’s Race for Profit. Nevertheless, After Redlining is an impressive and worthwhile debut from a scholar we will be hearing more from in the years ahead.","PeriodicalId":51601,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Comparative Sociology","volume":"64 1","pages":"104 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43639677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.1177/00207152231153249
C. Leslie
{"title":"Book review: Capital Without Borders: Wealth Managers and the One Percent","authors":"C. Leslie","doi":"10.1177/00207152231153249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152231153249","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51601,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Comparative Sociology","volume":"64 1","pages":"106 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42793148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-11DOI: 10.1177/00207152221147493
Rujun Yang
Modernization accounts of cultural change hold that economic development drives liberalization of social values, including gender beliefs. Some comparative gender scholarship suggests that societal affluence is often accompanied by the growth of gender-essentialist beliefs, and that these beliefs coexist comfortably alongside gender-egalitarian values. The multidimensional conceptualization of gender ideology that is required to assess these competing claims has been applied so far mostly to Western societies. China is an obvious case for extending knowledge of these relationships, given its rapid economic growth and its recent history of state-imposed gender-egalitarian discourses. Applying latent class analysis to the Chinese General Social Survey (2010–2017), this study links different tenets of gender ideology in China to temporally and spatially specific histories and gendered interests. The results show that the relative importance of modernization and gender accounts depends on the generational, regional, and gendered identities being examined. Unlike in the West, moreover, egalitarian and essentialist beliefs do not always coincide in contemporary China. The friction between these beliefs reflects the resilience of male-primacy ideology.
{"title":"Mosaic of beliefs: Comparing gender ideology in China across generation, geography, and gender","authors":"Rujun Yang","doi":"10.1177/00207152221147493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152221147493","url":null,"abstract":"Modernization accounts of cultural change hold that economic development drives liberalization of social values, including gender beliefs. Some comparative gender scholarship suggests that societal affluence is often accompanied by the growth of gender-essentialist beliefs, and that these beliefs coexist comfortably alongside gender-egalitarian values. The multidimensional conceptualization of gender ideology that is required to assess these competing claims has been applied so far mostly to Western societies. China is an obvious case for extending knowledge of these relationships, given its rapid economic growth and its recent history of state-imposed gender-egalitarian discourses. Applying latent class analysis to the Chinese General Social Survey (2010–2017), this study links different tenets of gender ideology in China to temporally and spatially specific histories and gendered interests. The results show that the relative importance of modernization and gender accounts depends on the generational, regional, and gendered identities being examined. Unlike in the West, moreover, egalitarian and essentialist beliefs do not always coincide in contemporary China. The friction between these beliefs reflects the resilience of male-primacy ideology.","PeriodicalId":51601,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Comparative Sociology","volume":"64 1","pages":"454 - 480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49027635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-17DOI: 10.1177/00207152221144631
Gad Yair
Scientists often surmise that scientific thought is a universal faculty akin to Kant’s description of “pure reason.” The conventional view insists that science should censor the passions and bar the intrusion of emotional and subconscious motives into scientific work. This article challenges this truism by showing that the split between reason and emotions is rather culturally mediated. Using interviews with 125 Israeli scientists who had collaborated with German colleagues, the study allowed respondents to compare their scientific practices and intellectual styles with those of their German compatriots. The results suggest that in contrast to their sober and uber-rational German colleagues, Israeli scientists’ intellectual style can be described as fiery, enflamed, and passionate. Indeed, they often spoke of “love” and “desire” as central elements that drive innovation and creativity in scientific discovery. Their minds, they implied, function through emotional reason.
{"title":"Emotional reason: The Israeli scientific mind facing a German cultural mirror","authors":"Gad Yair","doi":"10.1177/00207152221144631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152221144631","url":null,"abstract":"Scientists often surmise that scientific thought is a universal faculty akin to Kant’s description of “pure reason.” The conventional view insists that science should censor the passions and bar the intrusion of emotional and subconscious motives into scientific work. This article challenges this truism by showing that the split between reason and emotions is rather culturally mediated. Using interviews with 125 Israeli scientists who had collaborated with German colleagues, the study allowed respondents to compare their scientific practices and intellectual styles with those of their German compatriots. The results suggest that in contrast to their sober and uber-rational German colleagues, Israeli scientists’ intellectual style can be described as fiery, enflamed, and passionate. Indeed, they often spoke of “love” and “desire” as central elements that drive innovation and creativity in scientific discovery. Their minds, they implied, function through emotional reason.","PeriodicalId":51601,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Comparative Sociology","volume":"64 1","pages":"437 - 453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48685451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-07DOI: 10.1177/00207152221140344
Eitan Alimi
In many Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries, the army has traditionally been a central pillar of the authoritarian regimes, responsible for the security and integrity of the state and a symbol of national sovereignty and social unity. Nevertheless, the 2011 Arab revolts witnessed stark differences in the response of the armies. This article argues that a relational reading of the Structure of Political Opportunities and Threats, particularly when its dimension of the state’s capacity and propensity for repression is informed by a MENA-salient regime feature—army embeddedness—offers a compelling solution to the puzzle. An analysis of the Egyptian, Syrian, and Libyan episodes of contention, based on a comparative method that combines mechanism-based process tracing and typological theorizing, demonstrates the theoretical payoffs of this sensitized dimension. Cross-case similarities underscore the value of thinking about the army as a full-fledge agent embedded within a web of relations with social and political forces. Specifically, findings reveal how army embeddedness shapes the respective operation and effect of the mechanisms “political opportunities” and “political threats,” and highlight the importance of differentiating between the state’s capacity and the state’s propensity for repression. Within-case variations highlight the historically specific development of such embeddedness and how it plays out distinctively in each case, forming different scenarios of high and low capacity and propensity for repression.
{"title":"Army embeddedness, political opportunities and threats, and the dynamics of contention: Understanding the varying role of the armed forces in the Egyptian, Syrian, and Libyan 2011 revolts","authors":"Eitan Alimi","doi":"10.1177/00207152221140344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152221140344","url":null,"abstract":"In many Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries, the army has traditionally been a central pillar of the authoritarian regimes, responsible for the security and integrity of the state and a symbol of national sovereignty and social unity. Nevertheless, the 2011 Arab revolts witnessed stark differences in the response of the armies. This article argues that a relational reading of the Structure of Political Opportunities and Threats, particularly when its dimension of the state’s capacity and propensity for repression is informed by a MENA-salient regime feature—army embeddedness—offers a compelling solution to the puzzle. An analysis of the Egyptian, Syrian, and Libyan episodes of contention, based on a comparative method that combines mechanism-based process tracing and typological theorizing, demonstrates the theoretical payoffs of this sensitized dimension. Cross-case similarities underscore the value of thinking about the army as a full-fledge agent embedded within a web of relations with social and political forces. Specifically, findings reveal how army embeddedness shapes the respective operation and effect of the mechanisms “political opportunities” and “political threats,” and highlight the importance of differentiating between the state’s capacity and the state’s propensity for repression. Within-case variations highlight the historically specific development of such embeddedness and how it plays out distinctively in each case, forming different scenarios of high and low capacity and propensity for repression.","PeriodicalId":51601,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Comparative Sociology","volume":"64 1","pages":"402 - 421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43286113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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