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Book review: Muslim American city: Gender and religion in Metro Detroit 书评:《美国穆斯林城市:底特律大都会的性别与宗教》
IF 2 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/00207152231163463
AunRika Tucker-Shabazz
Alisa Perkins’ book Muslim American City: Gender and Religion in Metro Detroit (2020) uses critical insights from intimate conversations with Yemeni and Bangladeshi women in Hamtramck, Michigan to resituate debates about Muslim belonging in a multicultural American city. Muslim American City asks, “How have Muslim women engaged civic duties while acting as religious ambassadors and negotiating gender norms across social contexts?” The immigrant women’s narratives responding to this research question reveal that there is no one single story about what it means, or how it feels, to navigate public life as a Muslim American woman. Through a skillful combination of anecdotal and analytical summaries, Perkins draws particular attention to Yemeni and Bangladeshi women’s narratives about embodiment, space and social change to disrupt the dichotomization of democracy, citizenship, and agency into private and public spheres. Chapters 1 and 2 provide a historical overview of race, gender, and religion in Hamtramck—a city that boasts the largest concentration of Muslim residents in America, and the first municipality to have a majority Muslim city council, despite the large Polish Catholic population. As a growing Muslim metropolitan city, Hamtramck is the perfect landscape from which Perkins’ grounded theory of civic purdah emerges. As social actors whose experiences entangle the interpersonal, municipal, and international meanings of politics, Muslim American City is filled with Muslim women’s stories about making a place for themselves in local high schools, city council meetings, markets, and mosques. Through rigorous ethnographic focus on place, civic purdah, or Perkins’ conceptual framework to describe how Yemeni and Bangladeshi Muslim women symbolically interact with unrelated men in the public sphere, is a feminist approach to gendered inequality and faith-based gender segregation. By emphasizing the various ways Muslim women engage their citizenship rights to space— rather than assuming uncritically that Muslim women are excluded from the public sphere—it centers women’s agency, beyond the binary of its relation to men’s consciousness, control, or perception of them. Elaborated in Chapters 3 and 4, Perkins demonstrates clearly how Yemeni and Bangladeshi civic purdah acknowledges women’s power to actively and intentionally participate in debates about gender segregation as knowers and doers, rather than passive receptacle for religious and cultural oppression. This I think is the most significant original contribution of the book. The climax of the book in my opinion is Chapter 6, where Perkins’ analysis of the intersection of sound, time, and space is the most seductive. In this chapter, the author’s critical reading of municipal records, newspaper articles, and interviews allows her to elegantly paint a soundscape of the city in 2004, when the al-Islah Islamic Center in Hamtramck, Michigan, set off a contentious controversy by requesting permissio
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引用次数: 0
Cross-national differences in the association between intergenerational support and fertility in East Asia 东亚代际支持与生育率之间关系的跨国差异
IF 2 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-26 DOI: 10.1177/00207152231161791
Jolene Tan
In past and contemporary societies, kin presence and support are widely cherished for helping couples contend with parenthood. Thus, it is hypothesized that intergenerational cooperation in raising children influences fertility decisions. Despite the potential benefits of having a supportive family environment, societies with dissimilar social, structural, and geographical conditions may exhibit cross-cultural differences that are characterized by variations in family processes and reproductive outcomes. To demonstrate the influence of context, this study draws on the 2006 and 2016 East Asian Social Survey and uses generalized Poisson regression to investigate cross-national differences in the effect of intergenerational support on fertility in East Asia. The results show distinct patterns in the effect of intergenerational financial support, instrumental support, and geographic proximity on fertility. Financial support and proximity to grandparents are particularly conducive to childbearing among urban families. Instrumental support appears to be more beneficial for societies going through the second phase of the gender revolution (South Korea and Taiwan) than for societies with stronger gender role constraints (Japan). The findings highlight how context underpins the effect of intergenerational support on fertility.
在过去和当代社会中,亲属的存在和支持被广泛珍视,因为它们帮助夫妻应对为人父母的问题。因此,据推测,在养育子女方面的代际合作会影响生育决策。尽管有一个支持性的家庭环境有潜在的好处,但具有不同社会、结构和地理条件的社会可能会表现出跨文化差异,其特征是家庭过程和生殖结果的差异。为了证明背景的影响,本研究借鉴了2006年和2016年东亚社会调查,并使用广义泊松回归来调查东亚代际支持对生育率影响的跨国差异。研究结果显示,代际财政支持、工具支持和地理邻近对生育率的影响具有不同的模式。经济支持和与祖父母的距离特别有利于城市家庭生育。工具性支持似乎对正在经历性别革命第二阶段的社会(韩国和台湾)比对性别角色约束更强的社会(日本)更有利。研究结果强调了背景如何支撑代际支持对生育率的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Trade union strength, business power, and labor policy reform: The cases of Argentina and Chile in comparative perspective 工会力量、企业权力与劳动政策改革:比较视角下的阿根廷与智利案例
IF 2 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-26 DOI: 10.1177/00207152231163846
Pablo Pérez Ahumada
In this article, I explain why pro-labor reforms succeed or fail. Focusing on the cases of Argentina and Chile, I show that labor reforms are more successful in extending trade union rights when unions successfully build associational power and employers are less able to do so. Consistent with this argument, a quantitative analysis of time-series cross-sectional data from 78 countries suggests that the level of class power disparity is negatively correlated with the extension of workers’ collective rights. At the end of the article, I discuss how these results have implications for the study of labor reforms and power resources.
在这篇文章中,我解释了为什么支持劳工的改革成功或失败。以阿根廷和智利的案例为中心,我表明,当工会成功地建立了结社权力,而雇主却没有能力这样做时,劳工改革在扩大工会权利方面更为成功,对78个国家的时间序列横断面数据的定量分析表明,阶级权力差距水平与工人集体权利的延伸呈负相关。在文章的最后,我讨论了这些结果对劳动改革和权力资源研究的启示。
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引用次数: 0
Book review: Maria Carinnes P Alejandria and Will Smith, Disaster Archipelago: Locating Vulnerability and Resilience in the Philippines 书评:Maria Carinnes P Alejandria和Will Smith,《灾难群岛:定位菲律宾的脆弱性和复原力》
2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.1177/00207152231163461
Victoria Reyes
certainly right that corporate America has largely embraced the “cookbook” and the “strange bedfellows and the messy compromises . . . would have been less problematic had unions been stronger, pension funds better funded, and fiduciary rules more flexible” (p. 224). Nonetheless, what I felt was missing from the book was a larger theoretical assessment of what labor’s hand in finance has been. For example, if public pension funds are contributing to private sector downsizing, what has this meant more broadly for intra-class inequality? Surely, this has stoked divisions by sector, region, or race and reshaped the political environment. Equally warranted is some reflection on Brandeis’ hope in shining “sunlight” on corporate behavior. Transparency is important and has been shown to improve worker wages (Rosenfeld and Denice, 2015). But is this liberal goal really sufficient for redistributing power? More pragmatically, would it galvanize workers enough to sustain the risks of an organizing drive? A bigger question remains too regarding the way finance affects class solidarity. It is well known that the anti-Communist Taft–Hartley Act of 1947 made American labor unions less solidaristic, more conservative, and more defensive of their own membership base. I strongly suspect labor’s financial strategy has not helped in this regard. Yet, “finance” does not just refer to rapacious Wall Street firms. Possibilities exist for radically altering finance for the public good and labor specifically (Block, 2019; McCarthy, 2019). It would have been helpful had Jacoby, who has a deep understanding of this topic, ruminated on these historical lessons. To be fair, Jacoby’s background is in history which is less prone to making theoretical pronouncements. His detailed accounting of an important topic opens space to pursue more work on the topic. Sociologists of labor, organizations, and finance interested in these theoretical questions will find the book to be an excellent starting point.
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引用次数: 1
Book review: Labor in the Age of Finance: Pensions, Politics, and Corporations from Deindustrialization to Dodd-Frank 书评:《金融时代的劳工:从去工业化到多德-弗兰克的养老金、政治和企业》
IF 2 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.1177/00207152231163458
Matthew Soener
broadly, there exists moral dilemmas of humans living off-planet, how a whole-earth view may foster global consciousness, and that we need to re-gear our geopolitical models to factor in humanity’s coming “trans-platform existence, where earth as a whole is now but one possible platform.” Overall, these are stimulating essays and research papers, and in light of recent events, they are timely. I recommend having this on your world-systems analysis bookshelf.
从广义上讲,人类在地球外生活存在道德困境,整个地球的观点可能会如何培养全球意识,我们需要重新调整我们的地缘政治模式,以考虑人类即将到来的“跨平台存在,地球作为一个整体现在只是一个可能的平台”。总的来说,这些都是令人振奋的论文和研究论文,鉴于最近发生的事件,它们是及时的。我建议你把这本书放在世界系统分析的书架上。
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引用次数: 0
Low-wage mobility in Central Europe 中欧的低工资流动性
IF 2 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-07 DOI: 10.1177/00207152231156436
D. Gerbery, Tomáš Miklošovič
The article provides analyses of the mobility and resilience to mobility among low-wage earners in four Central European (CE) countries. It examines transitions into higher-paid jobs, unemployment/inactivity, and the stability of low-wage status. In addition to standard transition matrices and summary mobility indices, it employs multinomial logit models with the aim of identifying individual determinants of low-wage earners’ prospects. The findings show that the CE countries do not represent a homogeneous group in terms of presence of low wages when the period of 2010–2016 is considered. In regard to future prospects, low-wage employees in the countries with higher incidence of low pay are more likely to reproduce their status, as compared with countries with lower incidence. Upward mobility is more likely among younger, high-educated employees and among those who work in “better” occupations.
本文分析了四个中欧国家低收入者的流动性和流动弹性。它考察了向高薪工作的转变、失业/不活跃以及低工资状态的稳定性。除了标准转换矩阵和汇总流动指数外,它还采用多项logit模型,目的是确定低收入者前景的个人决定因素。研究结果表明,考虑到2010-2016年期间的低工资情况,CE国家并不代表一个同质群体。就未来前景而言,与发生率较低的国家相比,发生率较高的国家的低工资雇员更有可能重新获得自己的地位。更年轻、受过高等教育的员工和从事“更好”职业的员工更有可能向上流动。
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引用次数: 0
Educational tracking and social inequalities in long-term labor market outcomes: Six countries in comparison 长期劳动力市场结果中的教育跟踪和社会不平等:六个国家的比较
IF 2 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-10 DOI: 10.1177/00207152231151390
Steffen Schindler, Eyal Bar-Haim, C. Barone, Jesper Fels Birkelund, V. Boliver, Queralt Capsada-Munsech, Jani Erola, Marta Facchini, Yariv Feniger, Laura Heiskala, Estelle Herbaut, M. Ichou, K. Karlson, Corinna Kleinert, David Reimer, Claudia Traini, M. Triventi, Louis-André Vallet
In this country-comparative study, we ask to what extent differentiation in secondary education accounts for the association between social origins and social destinations in adult age. We go beyond the widely applied formal definitions of educational tracking and particularly pay attention to country-specific approaches to educational differentiation. Our main expectation is that once we factor in these particularities, the degree to which educational differentiation accounts for social reproduction is quite similar across countries. Our analyses are based on national individual-level life-course data from six European countries that span from secondary education to occupational maturity. Our findings show that educational differentiation mediates the association between social origins and social destinations to a substantial degree in all countries. However, we still find some differences between countries in the extent to which educational differentiation accounts for social reproduction.
在这项国家比较研究中,我们询问中等教育的差异在多大程度上解释了成年后社会来源和社会目的地之间的联系。我们超越了广泛应用的教育跟踪的正式定义,特别关注针对具体国家的教育差异化方法。我们的主要期望是,一旦我们考虑到这些特殊性,各国的教育差异对社会再生产的影响程度就相当相似。我们的分析基于六个欧洲国家从中等教育到职业成熟的国家个人水平的生活课程数据。我们的研究结果表明,在所有国家,教育差异在很大程度上调节了社会起源和社会目的地之间的联系。然而,我们仍然发现,各国在教育差异对社会再生产的影响程度上存在一些差异。
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引用次数: 2
From mass mobilization to neoliberal war-making: Labor strikes and military-industrial transformation in the United States 从大规模动员到新自由主义战争:美国的劳工罢工和军事工业转型
IF 2 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-03 DOI: 10.1177/00207152221148654
C. Payne
How did workers affect—and how were they affected by—the dramatic transformations of U.S. war-making that have occurred since the mid-twentieth century? Where do such transformations leave workers and war in the twenty-first century? Using newly compiled data on workers’ strikes in the U.S. armaments industries from World War II through the present, this paper examines the relationship between labor and military-industrial restructuring. The paper introduces the concept of regimes of war-making and makes three main arguments. First, workers’ power was a significant force shaping the shift from a regime of mass mobilization war-making to a regime of neoliberal war-making, as armaments firms aimed to overcome the constraints imposed by workers in the mid-twentieth century. Wartime mobilizations—for Korea and Vietnam—temporarily stymied these efforts by enhancing the disruptive power of workers, who leveraged that power into pauses or reversals of firms’ initial attempts at restructuring. Second, U.S. defeat in Vietnam was a watershed moment. Mass mobilization was abandoned, and the changing nature of war meant that subsequent military buildups offered workers little leverage with which to resist restructuring. Third, in the twenty-first century, the combination of greatly expanded wars and decades of restructuring has resulted in a bifurcation among armaments workers, between those producing supplies needed for pressing counterinsurgency operations and those producing other innovative, but unused, systems. Thus, while the regime of neoliberal war-making has reduced the size and strength of armaments workers in general, some still have significant disruptive potential at the present juncture.
工人们是如何影响——以及他们是如何受到——自20世纪中期以来美国战争制造的戏剧性转变的影响的?在二十一世纪,这样的变革给工人和战争留下了什么?本文利用最新汇编的二战至今美国军火工业工人罢工数据,考察了劳动力与军工结构调整之间的关系。本文介绍了战争政权的概念,并提出了三个主要论点。首先,工人的力量是一股重要的力量,它决定了从大规模动员战争制度向新自由主义战争制度的转变,因为军备公司旨在克服20世纪中期工人施加的限制。韩国和越南的战时动员通过增强工人的破坏性力量暂时阻碍了这些努力,工人利用这种力量暂停或逆转了公司最初的重组尝试。其次,美国在越南的失败是一个分水岭。大规模动员被放弃了,战争性质的变化意味着随后的军事建设几乎没有给工人提供抵抗重组的筹码。第三,在二十一世纪,大规模扩张的战争和几十年的重组相结合,导致军备工作者之间出现分歧,既有生产紧急反叛乱行动所需物资的人,也有生产其他创新但未使用的系统的人。因此,尽管新自由主义战争制造政权总体上减少了军备工作者的规模和力量,但一些人目前仍有巨大的破坏潜力。
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引用次数: 2
Book review: Combatting Modern Slavery: Why Labour Governance Is Failing and What We Can Do about It 书评:《打击现代奴隶制:为什么工党治理失败以及我们能做些什么》
IF 2 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/00207152231153250
Intan Suwandi
Artigas JP, Monsálvez AD and Valdés UM (2020) Scholarship on the popular unity in Chile since 2000: Are historians lagging behind? Radical Americas 6(1): 1–19. Fernández M (2016) Book Review: La “vía chilena” al socialismo (1970–1973). Un itinerario geohistórico de la Unidad Popular en el sistema-mundo. International Journal of Comparative Sociology 57(4): 259–262. Garrido SL (2015) La “vía chilena” al socialismo (1970–1973). Un itinerario geohistórico de la Unidad Popular en el sistema-mundo. Santiago de Chile: Ediciones Universidad Alberto Hurtado. Gaudichaud F (2016) Chile 1970–1973. Mil días que estremecieron el mundo: Poder popular, cordones industriales y socialismo durante el gobierno de Salvador Allende. Santiago de Chile: Lom Ediciones. Rinke S (2020) Das Ende der Demokratie in Chile 1973. In: Nonn C (ed.) Wie Demokratien enden: Von Athen bis zum Putins Russlands. Leiden: Brill, pp. 257–281.
Artigas JP、Monsálvez AD和Valdesum(2020年)自2000年以来智利人民团结奖学金:历史学家落后了吗?激进的美洲6(1):1-19。费尔南德斯M(2016年)书评:社会主义的“智利之路”(1970-1973年)。世界体系中民众团结的地缘历史路线。国际比较社会学杂志57(4):259-262。Garrido SL(2015)社会主义的“智利之路”(1970-1973)。世界体系中民众团结的地缘历史路线。智利圣地亚哥:阿尔贝托·乌尔塔多大学版。高迪肖F(2016年)智利1970-1973年。震惊世界的一千天:萨尔瓦多·阿连德政府执政期间的人民权力、工业封锁和社会主义。智利圣地亚哥:LOM版本。Rinke S(2020)Das Ende der Demokratie in Chile 1973。In:Nonn C(编辑)。Wie Demokratien Enden:Von Athen Bis Zum Putins Russlands。莱登:布里尔,第257-281页。
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引用次数: 0
Book review: After Redlining: The Urban Reinvestment Movement in the Era of Financial Deregulation 书评:《红线之后:金融放松管制时代的城市再投资运动》
IF 2 2区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/00207152231153242
Christopher Bonastia
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引用次数: 1
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International Journal of Comparative Sociology
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