Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.30798/makuiibf.1427426
Oğuzhan Yelkesen, Pelin Varol İyidoğan
Fiscal rules are designed to prevent budget deficits arising from frequent and abrupt changes in countries' fiscal policies. These changes can be attributed to shifts in regional and global economic conditions, as well as short-term decisions made by governments. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased government spending and borrowing, rendering governments more vulnerable. In this context, the implementation of fiscal rules has gained renewed attention. However, to construct a more resilient infrastructure against future crises, it is not only the national fiscal rules that are critical, but also the presence of supranational fiscal rules that can ensure coordination and discipline among countries has become increasingly important. This study, therefore, seeks to analyze the impact of national and supranational fiscal rules on fiscal performance in 31 advanced economies over the period 2000-2020, utilizing the fixed-effect panel threshold model approach. The results indicate that national fiscal rule implementations become effective after a certain threshold level, whereas supranational fiscal rules are effective both below and above a specific debt threshold. This implies that while both types of fiscal rules are effective, supranational rules stand out in terms of their magnitude and their effectiveness even at lower levels of debt. These findings are expected to guide policymakers in evaluating fiscal rule policies and balancing local needs with the achievement of regional objectives.
{"title":"Evaluating Fiscal Performance: A Fixed-Effect Panel Threshold Approach to National and Supranational Rules *","authors":"Oğuzhan Yelkesen, Pelin Varol İyidoğan","doi":"10.30798/makuiibf.1427426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1427426","url":null,"abstract":"Fiscal rules are designed to prevent budget deficits arising from frequent and abrupt changes in countries' fiscal policies. These changes can be attributed to shifts in regional and global economic conditions, as well as short-term decisions made by governments. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased government spending and borrowing, rendering governments more vulnerable. In this context, the implementation of fiscal rules has gained renewed attention. However, to construct a more resilient infrastructure against future crises, it is not only the national fiscal rules that are critical, but also the presence of supranational fiscal rules that can ensure coordination and discipline among countries has become increasingly important. This study, therefore, seeks to analyze the impact of national and supranational fiscal rules on fiscal performance in 31 advanced economies over the period 2000-2020, utilizing the fixed-effect panel threshold model approach. The results indicate that national fiscal rule implementations become effective after a certain threshold level, whereas supranational fiscal rules are effective both below and above a specific debt threshold. This implies that while both types of fiscal rules are effective, supranational rules stand out in terms of their magnitude and their effectiveness even at lower levels of debt. These findings are expected to guide policymakers in evaluating fiscal rule policies and balancing local needs with the achievement of regional objectives.","PeriodicalId":516075,"journal":{"name":"Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi","volume":" 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.30798/makuiibf.1281626
Hilal Öztay Çağan, S. Öztürk
Moda yaşam tarzı boyutlarının belirlenmesini amaçlayan bu çalışmada, mevcut ölçeklerin uyarlanması için ölçek geliştirme süreci izlenmiş, sonrasında elde edilen moda yaşam tarzı ölçeği (MYTÖ) kullanılarak Türk tüketicilerin moda yaşam tarzını açıklayan boyutlar elde edilmiştir. Bu süreçte nitel ve nicel araştırma yaklaşımları birlikte kullanılarak karma bir çalışma tasarlanmıştır. Nitel verileri toplamak için 11 katılımcı ile derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiş analiz sürecinde ise tematik analizden yararlanılmıştır. Nicel araştırmada ise anket tekniği ile toplanan veriler istatistiksel analiz yöntemleri ile çözümlenmiştir. 980 kullanılabilir anketten elde edilen veriler nicel araştırmanın materyalini oluşturmaktadır. Yapı geçerliliği test edilerek elde edilmiş moda yaşam tarzı boyutları, moda ilgilenimi, moda öncülüğü, bilgi arayışı, iyi giyinmeye önem verme, prestij, antimoda, ekonomiklik, etik ve toplumsal değerler şeklindedir. Boyutlardan bazıları geçmiş çalışmalarda elde edilen boyutlarla paralellik göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada özgün olarak elde edilen boyutlar ise etik ve toplumsal değerler boyutlarıdır.
{"title":"Güncel Moda Yaşam Tarzı Boyutlarının Tespit Edilmesi: Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması","authors":"Hilal Öztay Çağan, S. Öztürk","doi":"10.30798/makuiibf.1281626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1281626","url":null,"abstract":"Moda yaşam tarzı boyutlarının belirlenmesini amaçlayan bu çalışmada, mevcut ölçeklerin uyarlanması için ölçek geliştirme süreci izlenmiş, sonrasında elde edilen moda yaşam tarzı ölçeği (MYTÖ) kullanılarak Türk tüketicilerin moda yaşam tarzını açıklayan boyutlar elde edilmiştir. Bu süreçte nitel ve nicel araştırma yaklaşımları birlikte kullanılarak karma bir çalışma tasarlanmıştır. Nitel verileri toplamak için 11 katılımcı ile derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiş analiz sürecinde ise tematik analizden yararlanılmıştır. Nicel araştırmada ise anket tekniği ile toplanan veriler istatistiksel analiz yöntemleri ile çözümlenmiştir. 980 kullanılabilir anketten elde edilen veriler nicel araştırmanın materyalini oluşturmaktadır. Yapı geçerliliği test edilerek elde edilmiş moda yaşam tarzı boyutları, moda ilgilenimi, moda öncülüğü, bilgi arayışı, iyi giyinmeye önem verme, prestij, antimoda, ekonomiklik, etik ve toplumsal değerler şeklindedir. Boyutlardan bazıları geçmiş çalışmalarda elde edilen boyutlarla paralellik göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada özgün olarak elde edilen boyutlar ise etik ve toplumsal değerler boyutlarıdır.","PeriodicalId":516075,"journal":{"name":"Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140392728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.30798/makuiibf.1406660
Serdar Yaman
This study examines the relationship between financial decisions and the value-at-risk (VaR) of companies operating in the Turkish stock market. The study contains semi-annual data of non-financial BIST 100 Index companies spanning from January 2010 to June 2023. Companies’ VaR are calculated using Monte-Carlo simulation, bootstrap, delta-normal, and historical simulation methods and included in separate econometric models as dependent variables. Financial decisions are represented through financial ratios in line with the basic principles of corporate finance and included as explanatory variables in econometric models. The study employs a five-stage panel data methodology. Findings reveal that the impact of financial decisions regarding working capital management, capital structure, dividend pay-out, and growth policies on companies’ VaR differ according to the VaR calculation method. Notably, findings show that financial decisions explain the changes in VaR calculated by Bootstrap method with the highest success rate, aligning with existing finance literature. Prudent financing policies and flexible investment strategies in working capital management, enhanced profitability and financial performance, and sales growth exhibit dampening effects on VaR. Conversely, heightened leverage and long-term borrowings, decisions to pay-out dividends, and growth in foreign investments have increasing effects on VaR. Furthermore, the study identifies the Covid-19 pandemic as exerting a negative influence on VaR.
{"title":"Financial Decisions and Value-at-Risk: Empirical Evidence from BIST 100 Companies","authors":"Serdar Yaman","doi":"10.30798/makuiibf.1406660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1406660","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the relationship between financial decisions and the value-at-risk (VaR) of companies operating in the Turkish stock market. The study contains semi-annual data of non-financial BIST 100 Index companies spanning from January 2010 to June 2023. Companies’ VaR are calculated using Monte-Carlo simulation, bootstrap, delta-normal, and historical simulation methods and included in separate econometric models as dependent variables. Financial decisions are represented through financial ratios in line with the basic principles of corporate finance and included as explanatory variables in econometric models. The study employs a five-stage panel data methodology. \u0000Findings reveal that the impact of financial decisions regarding working capital management, capital structure, dividend pay-out, and growth policies on companies’ VaR differ according to the VaR calculation method. Notably, findings show that financial decisions explain the changes in VaR calculated by Bootstrap method with the highest success rate, aligning with existing finance literature. Prudent financing policies and flexible investment strategies in working capital management, enhanced profitability and financial performance, and sales growth exhibit dampening effects on VaR. Conversely, heightened leverage and long-term borrowings, decisions to pay-out dividends, and growth in foreign investments have increasing effects on VaR. Furthermore, the study identifies the Covid-19 pandemic as exerting a negative influence on VaR.","PeriodicalId":516075,"journal":{"name":"Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140396173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-09DOI: 10.30798/makuiibf.1387108
İbrahim Korkmaz Kahraman, Dündar Kök
This study examines the day-of-the-week (DoW) and month-of-the-year (MoY) effects in the cryptocurrency market, with a focus on Bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum (ETH). Due to the absence of a specific closing time in the cryptocurrency market, the closing time of the daily data is taken as 23:59 UTC. Initially, an appropriate volatility model for the cryptocurrency market is established using the GARCH, EGARCH, and TGARCH models. The most appropriate model for BTC is ARMA(1,0)-EGARCH(1,1) and ARMA(1,0)-GARCH(1,1) for ETH. The results of the analysis indicate a leverage effect in the cryptocurrency market, where negative shocks cause a more significant increase in volatility than positive shocks. Based on this volatility structure, the DoW and MoY are analyzed. For BTC, returns on other days are lower compared to Mondays. However, for ETH, returns on Thursdays are lower than those on Mondays. In terms of volatility, both BTC and ETH show that the highest volatility occurs on Mondays. For the MoY effect, neither BTC nor ETH don’t exhibit a significant effect in the mean equation. Nevertheless, the variance equation indicates that January has higher volatility compared to other months, indicating the presence of a MoY effect in terms of volatility.
本研究探讨了加密货币市场的周日效应（DoW）和年月效应（MoY），重点关注比特币（BTC）和以太坊（ETH）。由于加密货币市场没有特定的收盘时间，每日数据的收盘时间取为 23:59 UTC。首先，使用 GARCH、EGARCH 和 TGARCH 模型为加密货币市场建立合适的波动率模型。最适合 BTC 的模型是 ARMA(1,0)-EGARCH(1,1)，最适合 ETH 的模型是 ARMA(1,0)-GARCH(1,1)。分析结果表明，加密货币市场存在杠杆效应，负向冲击比正向冲击导致的波动性增加更为显著。基于这种波动性结构，对 DoW 和 MoY 进行了分析。就 BTC 而言，其他日期的回报率低于周一。然而，就 ETH 而言，周四的回报率低于周一。在波动率方面，BTC 和 ETH 都显示周一的波动率最高。就月份效应而言，在均值方程中，BTC 和 ETH 都没有表现出显著的效应。然而，方差方程显示，与其他月份相比，1 月份的波动率更高，这表明在波动率方面存在月份效应。
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Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.30798/makuiibf.1218925
Görkem Erdoğan
The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the behavioral intention of internet banking (I-BNKNG) in Turkey. In this study, users' adoption of I-BNKNG will be examined with Technology Acceptance Model and newly added variables. The data obtained from 441 I-BNKNG users by the survey method are analyzed with the structural equation model. According to the results of the study, perceived credibility, self-efficacy and compatibility affect perceived ease of use (PEA) and perceived usefulness (PUS). In addition, the study reveals both the relationship between PEA and PUS and the result that PEA and PUS impacts satisfaction. Finally, PEA, PUS and satisfaction are the main determinants of behavioral intention in I-BNKNG.
本研究旨在调查影响土耳其网上银行（I-BNKNG）行为意向的因素。在本研究中，将利用技术接受模型和新增加的变量对用户采用 I-BNKNG 的情况进行研究。通过调查方法从 441 名 I-BNKNG 用户中获得的数据将利用结构方程模型进行分析。研究结果表明，感知可信度、自我效能感和兼容性会影响感知易用性（PEA）和感知有用性（PUS）。此外，研究还揭示了 PEA 和 PUS 之间的关系，以及 PEA 和 PUS 影响满意度的结果。最后，PEA、PUS 和满意度是 I-BNKNG 行为意向的主要决定因素。
{"title":"Extending Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to Investigate the Factors Affecting the Behavioral Intention of Internet Banking in Turkey","authors":"Görkem Erdoğan","doi":"10.30798/makuiibf.1218925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1218925","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the behavioral intention of internet banking (I-BNKNG) in Turkey. In this study, users' adoption of I-BNKNG will be examined with Technology Acceptance Model and newly added variables. The data obtained from 441 I-BNKNG users by the survey method are analyzed with the structural equation model. According to the results of the study, perceived credibility, self-efficacy and compatibility affect perceived ease of use (PEA) and perceived usefulness (PUS). In addition, the study reveals both the relationship between PEA and PUS and the result that PEA and PUS impacts satisfaction. Finally, PEA, PUS and satisfaction are the main determinants of behavioral intention in I-BNKNG.","PeriodicalId":516075,"journal":{"name":"Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140422470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-27DOI: 10.30798/makuiibf.1281593
E. Arslan, Süleyman Mertoğlu
Bu çalışma, yöneticilerde ve çalışanlarda erteleme eğiliminin farklı olup olmadığını saptamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu temel amaç dışında, çeşitli kişisel özelliklere göre erteleme eğiliminin farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını ortaya koymak da amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla, İzmir İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü’ne bağlı olarak çalışan 350 yönetici ve 555 çalışan olmak üzere toplam 905 kişiden veri toplanmış ve veriler analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde frekans, açıklayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, bağımsız tek örneklem t testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, erteleme eğiliminin genel olarak düşük düzeyde olduğu, bununla birlikte yöneticiler ve çalışanların erteleme eğiliminin farklı olduğu saptanmıştır. Yönetici olmayan çalışanların erteleme eğilimi daha yüksektir. Yöneticiler arasında ise alt düzey yöneticilerde erteleme eğilimi daha yüksektir. Erteleme eğilimi yaş, medeni durum, çocuk sahibi olup olmama, meslek ve meslekte çalışma süresine göre farklılaşmakta iken cinsiyete göre farklılaşmamaktadır.
本研究旨在确定管理人员和雇员的拖延倾向是否有所不同。除这一主要目标外，本研究还旨在确定拖延倾向是否因各种个人特征而异。为此，研究人员收集并分析了伊兹密尔省卫生局下属 350 名管理人员和 555 名员工共 905 人的数据。数据分析采用了频率、解释性和确认性因素分析、独立单样本 t 检验和单向方差分析。分析结果表明，拖延倾向总体上处于较低水平，但管理人员和员工的拖延倾向有所不同。非管理人员员工的拖延倾向较高。在管理人员中，低级别管理人员的拖延倾向较高。拖延倾向因年龄、婚姻状况、有无子女、职业和从业时间而异，但与性别无关。
{"title":"Yöneticilerde ve Çalışanlarda Erteleme Eğilimi Farklı mı? Sağlık Sektöründe Bir Araştırma","authors":"E. Arslan, Süleyman Mertoğlu","doi":"10.30798/makuiibf.1281593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1281593","url":null,"abstract":"Bu çalışma, yöneticilerde ve çalışanlarda erteleme eğiliminin farklı olup olmadığını saptamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu temel amaç dışında, çeşitli kişisel özelliklere göre erteleme eğiliminin farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını ortaya koymak da amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla, İzmir İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü’ne bağlı olarak çalışan 350 yönetici ve 555 çalışan olmak üzere toplam 905 kişiden veri toplanmış ve veriler analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde frekans, açıklayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, bağımsız tek örneklem t testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, erteleme eğiliminin genel olarak düşük düzeyde olduğu, bununla birlikte yöneticiler ve çalışanların erteleme eğiliminin farklı olduğu saptanmıştır. Yönetici olmayan çalışanların erteleme eğilimi daha yüksektir. Yöneticiler arasında ise alt düzey yöneticilerde erteleme eğilimi daha yüksektir. Erteleme eğilimi yaş, medeni durum, çocuk sahibi olup olmama, meslek ve meslekte çalışma süresine göre farklılaşmakta iken cinsiyete göre farklılaşmamaktadır.","PeriodicalId":516075,"journal":{"name":"Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140426325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.30798/makuiibf.1376173
Muhammed Benli
This paper examines the dynamics between income and health spending in Türkiye from 1988 to 2020, employing autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) methodologies. One of the key findings of this study is the presence of an asymmetric relationship between variations in income and overall healthcare expenditure. This means that changes in income levels do not have uniform effects on health expenditure, and the direction of these effects depends on whether income is rising or falling. Interestingly, the research reveals that both increases and decreases in income lead to a rise in total health expenditure. However, the impact of income declines on health expenditure is more pronounced. In other words, when people experience a decrease in income, they tend to allocate a larger portion of their reduced resources to health-related expenses. This highlights the significant financial strain that income reductions can place on individuals and households when it comes to healthcare costs. This pattern of asymmetric effects also extends to government or compulsory health expenditures. When income falls, the government's role in funding health expenses becomes more prominent, as individuals rely more on public healthcare services during economic downturns. Furthermore, the study sheds light on the intriguing relationship between income shifts and voluntary or out-of-pocket health expenses. Positive income shifts are found to be associated with a reduction in voluntary health expenditure. This suggests that as people experience an improvement in their financial situation, they may opt for less costly or more efficient healthcare services, leading to a decrease in out-of-pocket expenses. Conversely, when income levels decrease, individuals may find themselves with limited options, potentially resorting to more expensive private healthcare services or bearing a greater burden of out-of-pocket expenses. This finding underscores the financial vulnerability that can accompany negative income shifts.
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Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.30798/makuiibf.1282615
Mehmet Ataş, Idris Sarisoy, Fikriye Ceren Bostancı
Electricity, which emerged as a secondary energy source, has been one of the important input items in production since its widespread use. In this study, it is analyzed in 7 countries (Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Israel, Qatar, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman and Saudi Arabia) in the high-income Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries group. Using data on public and commercial services, residential, industrial, total other sectors (agriculture, transportation), total electricity consumed and GDP for the period 1990-2021, the relationship between sectoral electricity consumption and economic growth is analyzed with the Panel Granger causality test. As a result of the analysis, while there is no long-run relationship between public and commercial services, residential, total other sectors (agriculture, transportation) and total electricity consumed and growth, there is no causality relationship between these variables, while there is a unidirectional causality relationship from growth to electricity consumption in industry. Contrary to previous studies, the reason for the absence of a causality relationship from electricity consumption to GDP growth in this study is that export revenues from natural resources and high-tech products make a significant contribution to the GDP formation of the countries included in the analysis. These results show that, contrary to the same directional relationship between electricity consumption and GDP growth in the literature, it is not valid for natural resource and high technology exporter countries. We can say that the results of the study make an important contribution to the literature in this respect.
作为二次能源出现的电力，自广泛使用以来一直是重要的生产投入项目之一。本研究对中东和北非（MENA）高收入国家组中的 7 个国家（巴林、阿拉伯联合酋长国、以色列、卡塔尔、科威特、阿曼和沙特阿拉伯）进行了分析。利用 1990-2021 年期间公共和商业服务、住宅、工业、其他部门（农业、运输）、总耗电量和国内生产总值的数据，通过面板格兰杰因果检验分析了部门耗电量与经济增长之间的关系。分析结果表明，虽然公共和商业服务、居民、其他部门（农业、运输）和总用电量与经济增长之间不存在长期关系，这些变量之间也不存在因果关系，但经济增长与工业用电量之间存在单向因果关系。与以往的研究相反，本研究中用电量与 GDP 增长之间没有因果关系的原因是，自然资源和高科技产品的出口收入对分析对象国的 GDP 形成做出了重大贡献。这些结果表明，与文献中相同的电力消费与 GDP 增长之间的定向关系相反，这种关系在自然资源和高科技出口国并不成立。可以说，研究结果为这方面的文献做出了重要贡献。
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Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.30798/makuiibf.1220275
Aykut Karakaya, Melih Kutlu
The aim of this study is to investigate heterogeneous market efficiency in European stock exchanges using Augmented HAR-RV model. According to the heterogeneous market efficiency hypothesis, investors create portfolios according to different time horizons and different market situations may arise in the reflection of information on price. We find evidence of the validity of the heterogeneous market efficiency model in European stock exchanges. Investors interpret information differently at different time horizons. Medium- and long-term investment decisions are a major influence. These results help explain the volatility that may occur in different time horizons. Portfolio diversification should also be made according to different investments in different horizons. Short-term global volatility shock has been effective on European stock markets.
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Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.30798/makuiibf.1097910
Sema Sağlık
Bu araştırmanın amacı, yönetici, öğretmen ve rehber öğretmenlerin görüşlerine göre lise öğrencilerinin okul ortamlarında yaşadığı psikososyal ve manevi sorunlarını belirlemek ve bu sorunların giderilmesinde okul sosyal hizmetinin gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma nitel araştırma çerçevesinde toplam 30 yönetici, öğretmen ve rehber öğretmenden oluşmuştur. Araştırmada lise öğrencilerinin okul yaşamını etkileyen aile, toplum, okul sistemi, okul çevresi ve eğitim sistemi kaynaklı; teknoloji bağımlılığı, madde kullanımı, şiddet, devamsızlık, parçalanmış aile, maddi ve manevi sıkıntılar, çocuk işçiliği, ihmal ve istismar, yetersiz rehberlik hizmetleri gibi birçok sorun tespit edilmiştir. Rehber öğretmenlerin çoğu suça sürüklenmiş çocuk, bağımlılık, ihmal ve istismar, şiddet ve çocuk yaşta gebelik gibi özel konuları müdahale edemediği sorunları olarak saymaktadır. Tüm katılımcılar sorunların öğrencide bıraktığı psikososyal ve manevi bütünlüğü üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini vurgulayarak, sosyal hizmet stratejileri ile çözüm bulunabileceğine işaret etmektedir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, sorunların çözümü için okullarda ekolojik perspektifi dikkate alan okul sosyal hizmet uzmanlarının istihdam edilmesi ve okul sosyal hizmeti uygulamasına geçilmesi gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır
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