Pub Date : 2022-01-26DOI: 10.1080/19460171.2022.2028644
John Boswell, Selen A. Ercan, C. Hendriks
ABSTRACT In this piece we respond to three commentators of our book, Mending Democracy, and emphasize the ways the book seeks to contribute to the theory and practice of democracy. We reflect on the possibilities and limits of democratic mending in societies characterised by economic inequality and asymmetric power relations, as well as in countries with less established institutions of liberal democracy. We draw attention to the agency and creativity of ordinary people in advancing meaningful democratic reform even under less favourable conditions, and in unlikely places.
{"title":"Mending Democracy: A response to our readers","authors":"John Boswell, Selen A. Ercan, C. Hendriks","doi":"10.1080/19460171.2022.2028644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2022.2028644","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this piece we respond to three commentators of our book, Mending Democracy, and emphasize the ways the book seeks to contribute to the theory and practice of democracy. We reflect on the possibilities and limits of democratic mending in societies characterised by economic inequality and asymmetric power relations, as well as in countries with less established institutions of liberal democracy. We draw attention to the agency and creativity of ordinary people in advancing meaningful democratic reform even under less favourable conditions, and in unlikely places.","PeriodicalId":51625,"journal":{"name":"Critical Policy Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"237 - 240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41551372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.1080/19460171.2022.2028173
Matteo De Donà, Sebastian Linke
ABSTRACT The role of science in environmental decision-making calls for an improved understanding of how scientific advice can best inform policy. Policy-relevant science is trapped in the conundrum of being close to policy and politics while trying not to become too close, to avoid politicization. We investigate this dilemma in three scientific advisory organizations: the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). Comparing marine, climate, and biodiversity governance at the international level, we reveal how the science-policy interface is understood and arranged in the institutional designs of these organizations. While they are all mandated to be policy-relevant, they aim to provide a neutral space for science that is not overtly impacted by politics. Our analysis reveals key differences in science-policy interactions regarding four issues: mandate; science-policy separation; politicization of advisory science; and knowledge inclusion. After discussing how these dimensions exhibit challenges connected to the ‘proximity vs. distance’ dilemma, we formulate an ideal-typical continuum comprising the following arrangements: a clear-cut boundary, a boundary zone, a fuzzy boundary. Based on this three-tiered model, we argue for a non-dichotomous understanding of science-policy relationships.
{"title":"‘Close but not too close’ – experiences of science-policy bridging in three international advisory organizations","authors":"Matteo De Donà, Sebastian Linke","doi":"10.1080/19460171.2022.2028173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2022.2028173","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The role of science in environmental decision-making calls for an improved understanding of how scientific advice can best inform policy. Policy-relevant science is trapped in the conundrum of being close to policy and politics while trying not to become too close, to avoid politicization. We investigate this dilemma in three scientific advisory organizations: the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). Comparing marine, climate, and biodiversity governance at the international level, we reveal how the science-policy interface is understood and arranged in the institutional designs of these organizations. While they are all mandated to be policy-relevant, they aim to provide a neutral space for science that is not overtly impacted by politics. Our analysis reveals key differences in science-policy interactions regarding four issues: mandate; science-policy separation; politicization of advisory science; and knowledge inclusion. After discussing how these dimensions exhibit challenges connected to the ‘proximity vs. distance’ dilemma, we formulate an ideal-typical continuum comprising the following arrangements: a clear-cut boundary, a boundary zone, a fuzzy boundary. Based on this three-tiered model, we argue for a non-dichotomous understanding of science-policy relationships.","PeriodicalId":51625,"journal":{"name":"Critical Policy Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"82 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43110940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.1080/19460171.2022.2028645
Joscha Wullweber
ABSTRACT The article argues that while the book brilliantly illustrates the many ways of democratic mending, there is an essential blind spot that runs through the entire book: economic inequality. Democratic processes seem strangely disconnected from the conditions under which people live. However, there can be no democratic equality and no just democracy as long as living conditions in society and among societies remain highly unequal. Accordingly, to unleash its potential the concept of mending should be enriched with an analysis and an understanding of the global political economy of inequality.
{"title":"Democracy, economic inequality, and mending","authors":"Joscha Wullweber","doi":"10.1080/19460171.2022.2028645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2022.2028645","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article argues that while the book brilliantly illustrates the many ways of democratic mending, there is an essential blind spot that runs through the entire book: economic inequality. Democratic processes seem strangely disconnected from the conditions under which people live. However, there can be no democratic equality and no just democracy as long as living conditions in society and among societies remain highly unequal. Accordingly, to unleash its potential the concept of mending should be enriched with an analysis and an understanding of the global political economy of inequality.","PeriodicalId":51625,"journal":{"name":"Critical Policy Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"229 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49404045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.1080/19460171.2022.2027256
C. Bezerra
ABSTRACT This article presents the motivations incumbent parties may have to create and promote participatory governance innovations. For that I analyze the case of the Brazilian Workers’ Party (PT – Partido dos Trabalhadores). I argue that the promotion of participatory governance by PT is a combination of ideological and pragmatic interests. Ideologically, PT is founded by grassroots social movements with a strong commitment to participation and redistributive policies. On the pragmatic side, the multiplication of State–Society interaction channels strengths the party’s social governability, that is civil society organizations support, creating pressure and mobilization towards the parliament to approve the party’s political agenda. This relationship may be mutually beneficial to civil society as long as there are similar policy preferences. The analysis is based on in-depth process tracing, which compares PT’s administrations in two different government levels: the State of Rio Grande do Sul and the Brazilian Federal Government.
摘要本文介绍了现任政党创建和促进参与式治理创新的动机。为此，我分析了巴西工人党（PT–Partido dos Trabalhadores）的情况。我认为，PT促进参与式治理是意识形态和务实利益的结合。从意识形态上讲，PT是由基层社会运动建立的，他们强烈致力于参与和再分配政策。在务实方面，国家与社会互动渠道的多元化增强了党的社会治理能力，即民间社会组织的支持，为议会批准党的政治议程创造了压力和动员。只要有类似的政策偏好，这种关系对公民社会可能是互利的。该分析基于深入的过程追踪，比较了PT在南里奥格兰德州和巴西联邦政府两个不同政府级别的行政管理。
{"title":"Why do political parties promote participatory governance? The Brazilian Workers’ Party case","authors":"C. Bezerra","doi":"10.1080/19460171.2022.2027256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2022.2027256","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article presents the motivations incumbent parties may have to create and promote participatory governance innovations. For that I analyze the case of the Brazilian Workers’ Party (PT – Partido dos Trabalhadores). I argue that the promotion of participatory governance by PT is a combination of ideological and pragmatic interests. Ideologically, PT is founded by grassroots social movements with a strong commitment to participation and redistributive policies. On the pragmatic side, the multiplication of State–Society interaction channels strengths the party’s social governability, that is civil society organizations support, creating pressure and mobilization towards the parliament to approve the party’s political agenda. This relationship may be mutually beneficial to civil society as long as there are similar policy preferences. The analysis is based on in-depth process tracing, which compares PT’s administrations in two different government levels: the State of Rio Grande do Sul and the Brazilian Federal Government.","PeriodicalId":51625,"journal":{"name":"Critical Policy Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"181 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45265716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-04DOI: 10.1080/19460171.2021.2022507
Nora Germundsson
ABSTRACT This article focuses the policy discourse that Swedish municipal personal social services (PSS) must engage with when implementing automated decision-support systems; how these tools are conceptualized in the context of social work and what outcomes they are expected to yield in the PSS organizations. Applying an adapted version of Bacchi’s WPR framework, results indicate that the three main policy actors directing the Swedish PSS portray a future where the capacity of the welfare state is threatened, thus suggesting digital automation as an objective and politically neutral tool for saving the PSS from this worrisome prospective. This article, however, argues that by uncritically promoting a particular form of digital automation within the PSS, the policy discourse risks overlooking the characteristics of digital technologies, thus both disregarding its consequences and amplifying the neoliberal ideals that award private enterprise the role of the main supplier of public welfare.
{"title":"Promoting the digital future: the construction of digital automation in Swedish policy discourse on social assistance","authors":"Nora Germundsson","doi":"10.1080/19460171.2021.2022507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2021.2022507","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article focuses the policy discourse that Swedish municipal personal social services (PSS) must engage with when implementing automated decision-support systems; how these tools are conceptualized in the context of social work and what outcomes they are expected to yield in the PSS organizations. Applying an adapted version of Bacchi’s WPR framework, results indicate that the three main policy actors directing the Swedish PSS portray a future where the capacity of the welfare state is threatened, thus suggesting digital automation as an objective and politically neutral tool for saving the PSS from this worrisome prospective. This article, however, argues that by uncritically promoting a particular form of digital automation within the PSS, the policy discourse risks overlooking the characteristics of digital technologies, thus both disregarding its consequences and amplifying the neoliberal ideals that award private enterprise the role of the main supplier of public welfare.","PeriodicalId":51625,"journal":{"name":"Critical Policy Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"478 - 496"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42421000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-19DOI: 10.1080/19460171.2021.2016453
H. Miller, Ryan J. Lofaro
ABSTRACT The policy literature increasingly recognizes the political dynamics in play during implementation, including participation and competition. Yet the complexity of policy contestation following enactment confounds scholars’ efforts to generalize. Predictive generalization is not the end-goal of narrative inquiry, yet it a useful approach to the study of political competition. Using the Narrative Politics model to analyze a needle exchange program in Miami, Florida, this article portrays policy implementation as the interaction of the winning policy narrative (the enacted narrative) with managerial narratives that attempt to claim policy successes. Emergent policy narratives, as well as losing narratives remaining in circulation, may challenge that depiction. This article focuses on the evolution of policy narratives as the process moves from pre-enactment to implementation, thus highlighting the political contestation and enduring (or diminishing) fissures animating the discourse.
{"title":"Political contestation in policy implementation: A narrative inquiry into a needle exchange program","authors":"H. Miller, Ryan J. Lofaro","doi":"10.1080/19460171.2021.2016453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2021.2016453","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The policy literature increasingly recognizes the political dynamics in play during implementation, including participation and competition. Yet the complexity of policy contestation following enactment confounds scholars’ efforts to generalize. Predictive generalization is not the end-goal of narrative inquiry, yet it a useful approach to the study of political competition. Using the Narrative Politics model to analyze a needle exchange program in Miami, Florida, this article portrays policy implementation as the interaction of the winning policy narrative (the enacted narrative) with managerial narratives that attempt to claim policy successes. Emergent policy narratives, as well as losing narratives remaining in circulation, may challenge that depiction. This article focuses on the evolution of policy narratives as the process moves from pre-enactment to implementation, thus highlighting the political contestation and enduring (or diminishing) fissures animating the discourse.","PeriodicalId":51625,"journal":{"name":"Critical Policy Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"43 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43376233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-16DOI: 10.1080/19460171.2021.1993290
O. Escobar
ABSTRACT Participatory forms of governance are increasingly institutionalised in democracies around the world. Yet, we know little about how public officials work to embed participatory governance. This article draws on a decade of mixed methods research with practitioners at the frontlines of democratic innovation. Scotland is undergoing democratic renewal through the interplay between state and civil society around three agendas: public service reform, social justice, and community empowerment. Legislation now mandates or supports participatory and deliberative processes. Scotland is thus a fruitful site to study the work of embedding participatory governance. This paper investigates tensions between radical aspirations and pragmatic challenges. Exploring participatory activism amongst officials shows the liminality of institutionalization processes, which troubles simplistic narratives about empowerment versus co-optation. The analysis shows significant but limited progress for participatory governance in Scotland. But this work is ongoing, as activist officials are developing ways of turning radical aspiration into critical pragmatism.
{"title":"Between radical aspirations and pragmatic challenges: Institutionalizing participatory governance in Scotland","authors":"O. Escobar","doi":"10.1080/19460171.2021.1993290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2021.1993290","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Participatory forms of governance are increasingly institutionalised in democracies around the world. Yet, we know little about how public officials work to embed participatory governance. This article draws on a decade of mixed methods research with practitioners at the frontlines of democratic innovation. Scotland is undergoing democratic renewal through the interplay between state and civil society around three agendas: public service reform, social justice, and community empowerment. Legislation now mandates or supports participatory and deliberative processes. Scotland is thus a fruitful site to study the work of embedding participatory governance. This paper investigates tensions between radical aspirations and pragmatic challenges. Exploring participatory activism amongst officials shows the liminality of institutionalization processes, which troubles simplistic narratives about empowerment versus co-optation. The analysis shows significant but limited progress for participatory governance in Scotland. But this work is ongoing, as activist officials are developing ways of turning radical aspiration into critical pragmatism.","PeriodicalId":51625,"journal":{"name":"Critical Policy Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"146 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43947071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-12DOI: 10.1080/19460171.2021.2014342
Hilde Ousland Vandeskog, K. Heggen, Eivind Engebretsen
ABSTRACT Agenda 2030 with the Sustainable Development Goals makes the transformative pledge to ‘leave no one behind.’ This paper asks how Agenda 2030 bring certain gendered vulnerabilities to light and make others invisible, and how this affects that transformative pledge. Through a close reading supported by Chantal Mouffe and Ernesto Laclau’s discourse theory we explore the concept of gender in Agenda 2030 and how it captures gendered vulnerabilities. For contrast, we analyzed a statement by Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity and Expression (SOGIE) activists.
{"title":"Gendered vulnerabilities and the blind spots of the 2030 Agenda’s ‘leave no one behind’ pledge","authors":"Hilde Ousland Vandeskog, K. Heggen, Eivind Engebretsen","doi":"10.1080/19460171.2021.2014342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2021.2014342","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Agenda 2030 with the Sustainable Development Goals makes the transformative pledge to ‘leave no one behind.’ This paper asks how Agenda 2030 bring certain gendered vulnerabilities to light and make others invisible, and how this affects that transformative pledge. Through a close reading supported by Chantal Mouffe and Ernesto Laclau’s discourse theory we explore the concept of gender in Agenda 2030 and how it captures gendered vulnerabilities. For contrast, we analyzed a statement by Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity and Expression (SOGIE) activists.","PeriodicalId":51625,"journal":{"name":"Critical Policy Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"424 - 440"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42146915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-23DOI: 10.1080/19460171.2021.2006072
Leena Tervonen-Gonçalves, Eriikka Oinonen
ABSTRACT The paper presents genealogy-oriented analysis of how the Nordic model gained its dominant characterization as modern, advanced and superior to other European welfare models while Southern European countries came to be labelled laggards in the welfare domain. To illuminate the relational nature of these, and all, comparisons, the analysis accentuates how researchers, politicians, and civil servants alike designate Nordic and Southern European states, their societies, and their welfare models. The empirical analysis focuses on scholarly writings about welfare-state comparisons (1986–2017) and on European Union documents addressing cohesion policies (1986–2021). Analysis of the vocabulary and labelling illuminates how the Scandocentric and the South-related bias have been produced and reproduced.The analysis indicates that labels, once established, tend to get replicated without question and grow unquestionable in science and policy-making both. While reducing complexity and increasing predictability, this process simultaneously constrains alternative ways to interpret changing situations and alternative contexts.-
{"title":"Comparisons, Categories, and Labels: Investigating the North–South Dichotomy in Europe","authors":"Leena Tervonen-Gonçalves, Eriikka Oinonen","doi":"10.1080/19460171.2021.2006072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2021.2006072","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The paper presents genealogy-oriented analysis of how the Nordic model gained its dominant characterization as modern, advanced and superior to other European welfare models while Southern European countries came to be labelled laggards in the welfare domain. To illuminate the relational nature of these, and all, comparisons, the analysis accentuates how researchers, politicians, and civil servants alike designate Nordic and Southern European states, their societies, and their welfare models. The empirical analysis focuses on scholarly writings about welfare-state comparisons (1986–2017) and on European Union documents addressing cohesion policies (1986–2021). Analysis of the vocabulary and labelling illuminates how the Scandocentric and the South-related bias have been produced and reproduced.The analysis indicates that labels, once established, tend to get replicated without question and grow unquestionable in science and policy-making both. While reducing complexity and increasing predictability, this process simultaneously constrains alternative ways to interpret changing situations and alternative contexts.-","PeriodicalId":51625,"journal":{"name":"Critical Policy Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"24 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43732471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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